Learning to eat vegetables in early life: The role of timing, age and individual eating traits

PLoS ONE

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2014, Pages

  Caton, Samantha J ^a,b   Blundell, Pam ^a   Ahern, Sara M ^a   Nekitsing, Chandani ^a   Olsen, Annemarie ^c   Møller, Per ^c   Hausner, Helene ^c   Remy, Eloïse ^d   Nicklaus, Sophie ^d   Chabanet, Claire ^d   Issanchou, Sylvie ^d   Hetherington, Marion M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^d CENTRE DES SCIENCES DU GOÛT ET DE L ALIMENTATION   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; EATING HABIT; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; FOOD INTAKE; FOOD PREFERENCE; HUMAN; INDIVIDUALIZATION; INFANT; MALE; SATIETY; TASTE PREFERENCE; TIME; VEGETABLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; LEARNING; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PSYCHOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

AGE FACTORS; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; FOOD PREFERENCES; HUMANS; INFANT; LEARNING; MALE; TIME FACTORS; VEGETABLES;

EID: 84901845914     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097609     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Anderson AS, Porteous LE, Foster E, Higgins C, Stead M, et al. (2005) The impact of a school-based nutrition education intervention on dietary intake and cognitive and attitudinal variables relating to fruits and vegetables. Public Health Nutrition 8: 650-656. (Pubitemid 41565430)
2. Ransley JK, Greenwood DC, Cade JE, Blenkinsop S, Schagen I, et al. (2007) Does the school fruit and vegetable scheme improve children's diet? A non-randomised controlled trial. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 61: 699-703. (Pubitemid 47122069)
3. Cooke L, Wardle J (2005) Age and gender differences in children's food preferences. British Journal of Nutrition 93: 741-746. (Pubitemid 43906360)
4. Nicklaus S, Boggio V, Chabanet C, Issanchou S (2005) A prospective study of food variety seeking in childhood, adolescence and early adult life. Appetite 44: 289-297. (Pubitemid 40775753)
5. Birch LL (1999) Development of food preferences. Annual Review of Nutrition 19: 41-62.
6. Johnson SL, McPhee L, Birch LL (1991) Conditioned preferences: Young children prefer flavors associated with high dietary fat. Physiology & Behavior 50: 1245-1251.
7. Kern DL, McPhee L, Fisher J, Johnson S, Birch LL (1993) The postingestive consequences of fat condition preferences for flavors associated with high dietary fat. Physiology & Behavior 54: 71-76. (Pubitemid 23172424)
8. Steiner JE (1977) Facial expressions of the neonate infant indicating the hedonics of food-related chemical stimuli; in Weiffenbach JM (ed): Taste and Development: The Genesis of Sweet Preference. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 173-189.
9. Zajonc RB (1968) Attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 9: 1-27.
10. Birch LL, Gunder L, Grimm-Thomas K, Laing DG (1998) Infants' Consumption of a New Food Enhances Acceptance of Similar Foods. Appetite 30: 283-295. (Pubitemid 28344683)
11. Gerrish CJ, Mennella JA (2001) Flavor variety enhances food acceptance in formula-fed infants. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 73: 1080-1085. (Pubitemid 32496948)
12. Sullivan SA, Birch LL (1994) Infant dietary experience and acceptance of solid foods. Pediatrics 93: 271-277. (Pubitemid 24047165)
13. Loewen R, Pliner P (1999) Effects of prior exposure to palatable and unpalatable novel foods on children's willingness to taste other novel foods. Appetite 32: 351-366. (Pubitemid 29286860)
14. Pliner P, Stallberg-White C (2000) "Pass the ketchup, please": familiar flavors increase children's willingness to taste novel foods. Appetite 34: 95-103. (Pubitemid 30160696)
15. de Wild VW, de Graaf C, Jager G (2013) Effectiveness of flavour nutrient learning and mere exposure as mechanisms to increase toddler's intake and preference for green vegetables. Appetite 64: 89-96.
16. Mennella JA (1995) Mother's milk: a medium for early flavor experiences. Journal of Human Lactation 11: 39-45.
17. Mennella JA, Beauchamp GK (1991) Maternal diet alters the sensory qualities of human milk and the nursling's behavior. Pediatrics 88: 737-744.
18. Mennella JA, Beauchamp GK (1999) Experience with a flavor in mother's milk modifies the infant's acceptance of flavored cereal. Developmental Psychobiology 35: 197-203. (Pubitemid 29508603)
19. Mennella JA, Jagnow CP, Beauchamp GK (2001) Prenatal and Postnatal Flavor Learning by Human Infants. Pediatrics 107: e88-.
20. Hausner H, Nicklaus S, Issanchou S, Molgaard C, Moller P (2010) Breastfeeding facilitates acceptance of a novel dietary flavour compound. Clinical Nutrition 29: 141-148.
21. Maier AS, Chabanet C, Schaal B, Leathwood PD, Issanchou SN (2008) Breastfeeding and experience with variety early in weaning increase infants' acceptance of new foods for up to two months. Clinical Nutrition 27: 849-857.
22. Abraham EC, Godwin J, Sherriff A, Armstrong J (2012) Infant feeding in relation to eating patterns in the second year of life and weight status in the fourth year. Public Health Nutrition 15: 1705-1714.
23. Scott JA, Ng SY, Cobiac L (2012) The relationship between breastfeeding and weight status in a national sample of Australian children and adolescents. BMC Public Health 12: 1471-2458.
24. Dovey TM, Staples PA, Gibson EL, Halford JCG (2008) Food neophobia and 'picky/fussy' eating in children: A review. Appetite 50: 181-193. (Pubitemid 351296332)
25. Schwartz C, Scholtens PA, Lalanne A, Weenen H, Nicklaus S (2011) Development of healthy eating habits early in life. Review of recent evidence and selected guidelines. Appetite 57: 796-807.
26. Horne PJ, Greenhalgh J, Erjavec M, Lowe CF, Viktor S, et al. (2011) Increasing pre-school children's consumption of fruit and vegetables. A modelling and rewards intervention. Appetite 56: 375-385.
27. Gregory JE, Paxton SJ, Brozovic AM (2011) Maternal feeding practices predict fruit and vegetable consumption in young children. Results of a 12-month longitudinal study. Appetite 57: 167-172.
28. Savage JS, Peterson J, Marini M, Bordi PL Jr, Birch LL (2013) The addition of a plain or herb-flavored reduced-fat dip Is associated with improved preschoolers' intake of vegetables. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
29. Spill MK, Birch LL, Roe LS, Rolls BJ (2011) Hiding vegetables to reduce energy density: an effective strategy to increase children's vegetable intake and reduce energy intake. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 94: 735-741.
30. Caton SJ, Ahern SM, Hetherington MM (2011) Vegetables by stealth. An exploratory study investigating the introduction of vegetables in the weaning period. Appetite 57: 816-825.
31. Cooke LJ, Chambers LC, Anez EV, Wardle J (2011) Facilitating or undermining? The effect of reward on food acceptance. A narrative review. Appetite 57: 493-497.
32. Anzman-Frasca S, Savage JS, Marini ME, Fisher JO, Birch LL (2012) Repeated exposure and associative conditioning promote preschool children's liking of vegetables. Appetite 58: 543-553.
33. Johnston CA, Palcic JL, Tyler C, Stansberry S, Reeves RS, et al. (2011) Increasing vegetable intake in Mexican-American youth: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Dietetics Association 111: 716-720.
34. Havermans RC, Jansen A (2007) Increasing children's liking of vegetables through flavour-flavour learning. Appetite 48: 259-262. (Pubitemid 46073289)
35. Zeinstra GG, Koelen MA, Kok FJ, de Graaf C (2009) Children's hard-wired aversion to pure vegetable tastes. A 'failed' flavour-nutrient learning study. Appetite 52: 528-530.
36. Carruth BR, Ziegler PJ, Gordon A, Barr SI (2004) Prevalence of picky eaters among infants and toddlers and their caregivers' decisions about offering a new food. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 104: 57-64.
37. Sullivan SA, Birch LL (1990) Pass the sugar, pass the salt - Experience dictates preference. Developmental Psychology 26: 546-551.
38. Wardle J, Guthrie CA, Sanderson S, Rapoport L (2001) Development of the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 42: 963-970. (Pubitemid 33009378)
39. Ashcroft J, Semmler C, Carnell S, van Jaarsveld CH, Wardle J (2008) Continuity and stability of eating behaviour traits in children. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62: 985-990.
40. Caton SJ, Ahern SM, Remy E, Nicklaus S, Blundell P, et al. (2013) Repetition counts: repeated exposure increases intake of a novel vegetable in UK pre-school children compared to flavour-flavour and flavour-nutrient learning. British Journal of Nutrition 109: 2089-2097.
41. Hausner H, Olsen A, Moller P (2012) Mere exposure and flavour-flavour learning increase 2-3 year-old children's acceptance of a novel vegetable. Appetite 58: 1152-1159.
42. Remy E, Issanchou S, Chabanet C, Nicklaus S (2013) Repeated Exposure of Infants at Complementary Feeding to a Vegetable Puree Increases Acceptance as Effectively as Flavor-Flavor Learning and More Effectively Than Flavor-Nutrient Learning. Journal of Nutrition. 143, 1194-1200.
43. Field A FZ, Miles J (2012) Discovering statistics Using R. London: SAGE publications.
44. Cashdan E (1994) A sensitive period for learning about food. Human Nature 5: 279-291.
45. Birch LL, McPhee L, Shoba BC, Pirok E, Steinberg L (1987) What kind of exposure reduces children's food neophobia?: Looking vs. tasting. Appetite 9: 171-178.
46. Pliner P (1982) The effects of mere exposure on liking for edible substances. Appetite 3: 283-290.
47. Addessi E, Galloway AT, Visalberghi E, Birch LL (2005) Specific social influences on the acceptance of novel foods in 2-5-year-old children. Appetite 45: 264-271. (Pubitemid 41635439)
48. Cooke L, Wardle J, Gibson EL (2003) Relationship between parental report of food neophobia and everyday food consumption in 2-6-year-old children. Appetite 41: 205-206. (Pubitemid 37188752)
49. Kalat JW, Rozin P (1973) "Learned safety" as a mecanism in long-delay tasteaversion learning in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 83: 198-207.
50. Svensson V, Lundborg L, Cao Y, Nowicka P, Marcus C, et al. (2011) Obesity related eating behaviour patterns in Swedish preschool children and association with age, gender, relative weight and parental weight-factorial validation of the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. International Journal of Behavavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity 8: 1479-5868.
51. Sleddens EF, Kremers SP, Thijs C (2008) The children's eating behaviour questionnaire: factorial validity and association with Body Mass Index in Dutch children aged 6-7. International Journal of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity 1479-5868.
52. Lakkakula A, Geaghan J, Zanovec M, Pierce S, Tuuri G (2010) Repeated taste exposure increases liking for vegetables by low-income elementary school children. Appetite 55: 226-231.
53. Capaldi ED, Privitera GJ (2008) Decreasing dislike for sour and bitter in children and adults. Appetite 50: 139-145. (Pubitemid 350086747)
54. Birch LL, McPhee L, Steinberg L, Sullivan S (1990) Conditioned flavor preferences in young children. Physiology & Behavior 47: 501-505. (Pubitemid 20120962)
55. Brunstrom JM, Fletcher HZ (2008) Flavour-flavour learning occurs automatically and only in hungry participants. Physiology & Behavior 93: 13-19.
56. Mennella JA, Finkbeiner S, Reed DR (2012) The proof is in the pudding: children prefer lower fat but higher sugar than do mothers. International Journal of Obesity 36: 1285-1291.
57. Steiner JE (1979) Human facial expressions in response to taste and smell stimulation. Advances in Child Development Behaviour 13: 257-295.
58. Ahern SM, Caton SJ, Bouhlal S, Hausner H, Olsen A, et al. (2013) Eating a Rainbow. Introducing vegetables in the first years of life in 3 European countries. Appetite 71: 48-56.