How important is intensified evaporation for Mediterranean precipitation extremes?

Journal of Geophysical Research

Volumn 119, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 5240-5256

  Winschall, Andreas ^a   Sodemann, Harald ^a   Pfahl, Stephan ^a   Wernli, Heini ^a  

^a ETH Zurich   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EVAPORATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY);

HEAVY PRECIPITATION; HEAVY-PRECIPITATION EVENTS; MEDITERRANEAN; MEDITERRANEAN PRECIPITATION; MOISTURE SOURCES; NORTHWESTERN MEDITERRANEAN; PRECIPITATION EVENTS; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES;

MOISTURE;

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; CLIMATE MODELING; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; LAGRANGIAN ANALYSIS; MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY);

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH);

EID: 84901709758     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: 21562202     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2013JD021175     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Buzzi, A., N. Tartaglione, and P. Malguzzi (1998), Numerical simulations of the 1994 Piedmont flood: Role of orography and moist processes, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 2369-2383.
2. Davolio, D., A. Buzzi, and P. Malguzzi (2006), Orographic influence on deep convection: Case study and sensitivity experiments, Meteorol. Z., 15(2), 215-223.
3. Davolio, D., A. Buzzi, and P. Malguzzi (2007), High resolution simulations of an intense convective precipitation event, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 95, 139-154.
4. Dee, D. P., et al. (2011), The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 553-597.
5. Doswell, C. A., C. Ramis, R. Romero, and S. Alonso (1998), A diagnostic study of three heavy precipitation episodes in the Western Mediterranean region, Weather Forecasting, 13, 102-124.
6. Drumond, A., R. Nieto, E. Hernandez, and L. Gimeno (2011), A Lagrangian analysis of the variation in moisture sources related to drier and wetter conditions in regions around the Mediterranean Basin, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 2307-2320, doi:10.5194/nhess-11-2307-2011.
7. Ducrocq, V., O. Nuissier, D. Ricard, C. Lebeaupin, and T. Thouvenin (2008), A numerical study of three catastrophic precipitating events over southern France. II: Mesoscale triggering and stationary factors, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 134, 131-145.
8. Fehlmann, R., and C. Quadri (2000), Predictability issues of heavy Alpine south-side precipitation, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 72, 223-231.
9. Frei, C., and C. Schär (1998), A precipitation climatology of the Alps from high-resolution rain-gauge observations, Int. J. Climatol., 18, 873-900.
10. Homar, V., C. Ramis, R. Romero, S. Alonso, J. A. García-Moya, and M. Alarcón (1999), A case of convection development over the western Mediterranean sea: A study through numerical simulations, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 71, 169-188.
11. Homar, V., R. Romero, C. Ramis, and S. Alonso (2002), Numerical study of the October 2000 torrential precipitation event over eastern Spain: Analysis of the synoptic-scale stationarity, Ann. Geophys., 20, 2047-2066.
12. James, P., A. Stohl, N. Spichtinger, S. Eckhardt, and C. Forster (2004), Climatological aspects of the extreme European rainfall of August 2002 and a trajectory method for estimating the associated evaporative source regions, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 4, 733-746.
13. Knippertz, P., H. Wernli, and G. Gläser (2013), A global climatology of tropical moisture exports, J. Clim., 26, 3031-3045.
14. Lambert, D., and S. Argence (2008), Preliminary study of an intense rainfall episode in Corsica, 14 September 2006, Adv. Geosci., 16, 125-129.
15. Langhans, W., A. Gohm, and G. Zängl (2011), The orographic impact on patterns of embedded convection during the August 2005 Alpine flood, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 2092-2105.
16. Martius, O., E. Zenklusen, C. Schwierz, and H. C. Davies (2006), Episodes of Alpine heavy precipitation with an overlying elongated stratospheric intrusion: A climatology, Int. J. Climatol., 26, 1149-1164.
17. Massacand, A., H. Wernli, and H. C. Davies (1998), Heavy precipitation on the Alpine southside: An upper-level precursor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1435-1438.
18. Nuissier, O., V. Ducrocq, D. Ricard, C. Lebeaupin, and S. Anquetin (2008), A numerical study of three catastrophic precipitating events over southern France. I: Numerical framework and synoptic ingredients, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 134, 111-130.
19. Nuissier, O., B. Joly, A. Joly, V. Ducrocq, and P. Arbogast (2011), A statistical downscaling to identify the large-scale circulation patterns associated with heavy precipitation events over southern France, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 1812-1827.
20. Pfahl, S., and H. Wernli (2012), Quantifying the relevance of cyclones for precipitation extremes, J. Clim., 25, 6770-6780, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00705.1.
21. Pfahl, S., E. Madonna, M. Boettcher, H. Joos, and H. Wernli (2014), Warm conveyor belts in the ERA-Interim dataset (1979-2010). Part II: Moisture origin and relevance for precipitation, J. Clim., 27, 27-40, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00223.1.
22. Pinto, J. G., S. Ulbrich, A. Parodi, R. Rudari, G. Boni, and U. Ulbrich (2013), Identification and ranking of extraordinary rainfall events over Northwest Italy: The role of Atlantic moisture, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 2085-2097, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50179.
23. Reale, O., L. Feudale, and B. Turato (2001), Evaporative moisture sources during a sequence of floods in the Mediterranean region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2085-2088.
24. Ricard, D., V. Ducrocq, and L. Auger (2012), A climatology of the mesoscale environment associated with heavily precipitating events over a Northwestern Mediterranean area, J. Appl. Meteorol., 51, 468-488.
25. Richard, E., S. Cosma, P. Tabary, J.-P. Pinty, and M. Hagen (2003), High-resolution numerical simulations of the convective system observed in the Lago Maggiore area on 17 September 1999 (MAP IOP 2a), Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 129, 543-563.
26. Romero, R., C. Ramis, and S. Alonso (1997), Numerical simulation of an extreme rainfall event in Catalonia: Role of orography and evaporation from the sea, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 537-559.
27. Romero, R., C. Ramis, and S. Alonso (1998a), Mesoscale model simulations of three heavy precipitation events in the western Mediterranean region, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 1859-1881.
28. Romero, R., J. A. Guijarro, C. Ramis, and S. Alonso (1998b), A 30-year (1964-1993) daily rainfall data base for the Spanish Mediterranean regions: First exploratory study, Int. J. Climatol., 18, 541-560.
29. Schlemmer, L., O. Martius, M. Sprenger, C. Schwierz, and A. Twitchett (2010), Disentangling the forcing mechanisms of a heavy precipitation event along the Alpine south side using potential vorticity inversion, Mon. Weather Rev., 138, 2336-2353.
30. Sodemann, H., and A. Stohl (2013), Moisture origin and meridional transport in atmospheric rivers, and their association with multiple cyclones, Mon. Weather Rev., 141, 2850-2868, doi:10.1175/MWR-D-12-00256.1.
31. Sodemann, H., and E. Zubler (2010), Seasonal and inter-annual variability of the moisture sources for Alpine precipitation during 1995-2002, Int. J. Climatol., 30, 947-961.
32. Sodemann, H., C. Schwierz, and H. Wernli (2008), Interannual variability of Greenland winter precipitation sources: Lagrangian moisture diagnostic and North Atlantic Oscillation influence, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D03107, doi:10.1029/2007JD008503.
33. Tibaldi, S., A. Buzzi, and A. Speranza (1990), Orographic cyclogenesis, in Extratropical Cyclones: The Erik Palmén Memorial Volume, edited by C. W. Newton and E. O. Holopainen, pp. 107-127, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass.
34. Turato, B., O. Reale, and F. Siccardi (2004), Water vapour sources of the October 2000 Piedmont flood, J. Hydrometeorol., 5, 693-712.
35. Wernli, H., and H. C. Davies (1997), A Lagrangian-based analysis of extratropical cyclones. I: The method and some applications, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 467-489.
36. Winschall, A., S. Pfahl, H. Sodemann, and H. Wernli (2012), Impact of North Atlantic evaporation hot spots on southern Alpine heavy precipitation events, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 138, 1245-1258.
37. Winschall, A., S. Pfahl, H. Sodemann, and H. Wernli (2013), Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian moisture source diagnostics-The flood event in eastern Europe in May 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 13, 29,333-29,373.