Climatological aspects of the extreme European rainfall of August 2002 and a trajectory method for estimating the associated evaporative source regions

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science

Volumn 4, Issue 5-6, 2004, Pages 733-746

  James, P ^a   Stohl, A ^b   Spichtinger, N ^a   Eckhardt, S ^a   Forster, C ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EXTREME EVENT; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); RAINFALL;

EID: 11244296168     PISSN: 15618633     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-4-733-2004     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Bosilovich, M. G.: On the vertical distribution of local and remote sources of water for precipitation, Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 80, 31-41, 2002.
2. Bosilovich, M. G. and Schubert, S. D.: Water vapor tracers as diagnostics of the regional hydrologic cycle, J. Hydromet., 3, 149-165, 2002.
3. Bosilovich, M. G. and Sun, W.-Y.: Numerical simulation of the 1993 midwestern flood: Local and remote sources of water, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19 415-19 423, 1999.
4. Brubaker, K. L., Dirmeyer, P. A., Sudradjat, A., Levy, B. S., and Bernal, F.: A 36-yr climatological description of the evaporative sources of warm-season precipitation in the Mississippi river basin, J. Hydromet., 2, 537-557, 2001.
5. Dirmeyer, P. A. and Brubaker, K. L.: Contrasting evaporative moisture sources during the drought of 1988 and the flood of 1993, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19 383-19 397, 1999.
6. Eckhardt, S., Stohl, A., Wernli, H., James, P., Forster, C., and Spichtinger, N.: A 15-year climatology of warm conveyor belts, J. Climate, 17, 218-237, 2004.
7. Forster, C., Wandinger, U., Wotawa, G., James, P., Mattis, I., Althausen, D., Simmonds, P., O'Doherty, S., Kleefeld, C., Jennings, S. G., Schneider, J., Trickl, T., Kreipl, S., Jäger, H., and Stohl, A.: Transport of boreal forest fire emissions from Canada to Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 22 887-22 906, 2001.
8. Garrett, T. J., Radke, L. F., and Hobbs, P. V.: Aerosol effects on cloud emissivity and surface longwave heating in the Arctic, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 769-778, 2002.
9. Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P. J., and Xiaosu, D.: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Cambridge University Press, UK, 944, 2001.
10. Jackson, D. R., Driscoll, S. J., Highwood, E. J., Harries, J. E., and Russell III, J. M.: Troposphere to stratosphere transport at low latitudes as studied using HALOE observations of water vapour 1992-1997, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 124, 169-192, 1998.
11. Keil, C., Volkert, H., and Majewski, D.: The Oder flood in July 1997: Transport routes of precipitable water diagnosed with an operational forecast model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 235-238, 1999.
12. Massacand, A. C., Wernli, H., and Davies, H. C.: Heavy precipitation on the Alpine southside: An upper level precursor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1435-1438, 1998.
13. Newell, R. E., Newell, N. E., Zhu, Y., and Scott, C.: Tropospheric rivers? - A pilot study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 2401-2404, 1992.
14. Reale, O., Feudale, L., and Turato, B.: Evaporative moisture sources during a sequence of floods in the Mediterranean region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2085-2088, 2001.
15. Reijmer, H., van den Broeke, R., and Scheele, M. P.: Air parcel trajectories and snowfall related to five deep drilling locations in Antarctica based on the ERA-15 dataset, J. Climate, 15, 1957-1968, 2002.
16. Rudolf, B. and Rapp, J.: The century flood of the river Elbe in August 2002: Synoptic weather development and climatological aspects, Quarterly Report of the operational NWP-models of the Deutscher Wetterdienst, Special Topic July 2003, 7-22, 2003.
17. Saxony: Vorläufiger Kurzbericht über die meteorologisch-hydrologische Situation beim Hochwasser im August 2002, Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie, http://www.umwelt.sachsen.de/de/wu/umwelt/lfug/lfug-internet/documents/ kb021202.pdf, 2002.
18. Saxony: Analyse und Prognose der meteorologisch-hydrologische Situation - Monatsbericht August 2003, Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie, http://www.umwelt.sachsen.de/de/wu/umwelt/lfug /lfug-internet/documents/Monatsbericht_2003_08.pdf, 2003.
19. Schär, C., Lüthi, D., Beyerle, U., and Heise, E.: The soil-precipitation feedback: A process study with a regional climate model, J. Climate, 12, 722-741, 1999.
20. Schneider, E. K., Kirtman, B. P., and Lindzen, R. S.: Tropospheric water vapor and climate sensitivity, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1649-1658, 1999.
21. Stohl, A.: Computation, accuracy and applications of trajectories a review and bibliography, Atmos. Environ., 32, 947-966, 1998.
22. Stohl, A.: A one-year Lagrangian "climatology" of airstreams in the northern hemisphere troposphere and lowermost stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7263-7279, 2001.
23. Stohl, A. and James, P.: A Lagrangian analysis of the atmospheric branch of the global water cycle, Part 1: Method description, validation, and demonstration for the August 2002 flooding in Central Europe, J. Hydromet., 5, 656-678, 2004.
24. Stohl, A. and Trickl, T.: A textbook example of long-range transport: Simultaneous observation of ozone maxima of stratospheric and North American origin in the free troposphere over Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30 445-30 462, 1999.
25. Ulbrich, U., Brücher, T., Fink, A., Leckebusch, G., Krüger, A., and Pinto, J.: The central European floods of August 2002, Part 1 - Rainfall periods and flood development, Weather, 58, 371-377, 2003a.
26. Ulbrich, U., Brücher, T., Fink, A., Leckebusch, G., Krüger, A., and Pinto, J.: The central European floods of August 2002: Part 2 - Synoptic causes and considerations with respect to climatic change, Weather, 58, 434-442, 2003b.
27. Viterbo, P. and Betts, A. K.: Impact of the ECMWF reanalysis soil water on forecasts of the July 1993 Mississippi flood, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19 361-19 366, 1999.
28. Wernli, H. and Davies, H. C.: A Lagrangian-based analysis of extratropical cyclones. I: The method and some applications, Q. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 123, 467-489, 1997.
29. Weyhenmeyer, C. E., Burns, S. J., Waber, H. N., and Macumber, P. G.: Isotope study of moisture sources, recharge areas, and groundwater flow paths within the eastern Batinah coastal plain, Sultanate of Oman, Water Resources Res., 38, 1184, doi: 10.1029/2000WR000149, 2002.
30. Yamanaka, T., Shimada, J., and Miyaoka, K.: Footprint analysis using event-based isotope data for identifying source area of precipitated water, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4624, doi:10.1029/2001JD001187, 2002.