EEG alpha power and creative ideation

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Volumn 44, Issue , 2014, Pages 111-123

  Fink, Andreas ^a   Benedek, Mathias ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ   (Austria)

Author keywords

Alpha; Creativity; Divergent thinking; EEG; ERD; ERS; Internal attention; Synchronization; Top down control

Indexed keywords

ALPHA RHYTHM; ATTENTION; COGNITION; CORTICAL SYNCHRONIZATION; CREATIVITY; EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; EVOKED RESPONSE; FRONTAL LOBE; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE; MEMORY; PARIETAL LOBE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROBLEM SOLVING; REVIEW; THINKING; BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; PHYSIOLOGY;

ALPHA RHYTHM; BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; CREATIVITY; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; HUMANS; THINKING;

EID: 84901588270     PISSN: 01497634     EISSN: 18737528     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.12.002     Document Type: Review

References (140)

1. Amabile T.M. Social psychology of creativity: a consensual assessment technique. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1982, 43:997-1013.
2. Amabile T.M. Social psychology of creativity: a componential conceptualization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1983, 45:357-376.
3. Arden R., Chavez R.S., Grazioplene R., Jung R.E. Neuroimaging creativity: a psychometric review. Behavioural Brain Research 2010, 214:143-156.
4. Bastiaansen M., Hagoort P. Oscillatory neuronal dynamics during language comprehension. Event-related Dynamics of Brain Oscillations. Progress in Brain Research 2006, 179-196. Elsevier, Amsterdam. C. Neuper, W. Klimesch (Eds.).
5. Bazanova O.M. Comments for current interpretation of EEG alpha analysis: a review and analysis. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012, 2:239-248.
6. Beaty R.E., Silvia P.J. Why do ideas get more creative across time? An executive interpretation of the serial order effect in divergent thinking tasks. Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity 2012, 6:309-319.
7. Benedek M., Bergner S., Könen T., Fink A., Neubauer A.C. EEG alpha synchronization is related to top-down processing in convergent and divergent thinking. Neuropsychologia 2011, 49:3505-3511.
8. Benedek M., Fink A., Neubauer A.C. Enhancement of ideational fluency by means of computer-based training. Creativity Research Journal 2006, 18:317-328.
9. Benedek M., Franz F., Heene M., Neubauer A.C. Differential effects of cognitive inhibition and intelligence on creativity. Personality and Individual Differences 2012, 53:480-485.
10. Benedek M., Könen T., Neubauer A.C. Associative abilities underlying creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity 2012, 6:273-281.
11. Berkowitz A.L., Ansari D. Generation of novel motor sequences: The neural correlates of music improvisation. NeuroImage 2008, 41:535-543.
12. Berkowitz A.L., Ansari D. Expertise-related deactivation of the right temporoparietal junction during musical improvisation. NeuroImage 2010, 49:712-719.
13. Bhattacharya J., Petsche H. Drawing on mind's canvas: differences in cortical integration patterns between artists and non-artists. Human Brain Mapping 2005, 26:1-14.
14. Bowden E.M., Jung-Beeman M. Aha! Insight experience correlates with solution activation in the right hemisphere. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2003, 10:730-737.
15. Bowden E.M., Jung-Beeman M., Fleck J., Kounios J. New approaches to demystifying insight. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2005, 9:322-328.
16. Burgess A.P., Gruzelier J.H. The reliability of event-related desynchronisation: a generalisability study analysis. International Journal of Psychophysiology 1996, 23:163-169.
17. Buzsáki G., Draguhn A. Neuronal oscillations in cortical networks. Science 2004, 304:1926-1929.
18. Cabeza R., Ciaramelli E., Olson I.R., Moscovitch M. The parietal cortex and episodic memory: an attentional account. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2008, 9:613-625.
19. Chávez-Eakle R.A., Graff-Guerrero A., García-Reyna J., Vaugier V., Cruz-Fuentes C. Cerebral blood flow associated with creative performance: A comparative study. NeuroImage 2007, 38:519-528.
20. Cooper N.R., Burgess A.P., Croft R.J., Gruzelier J.H. Investigating evoked and induced electroencephalogram activity in task-related alpha power increases during an internally directed attention task. Neuroreport 2006, 17:205-208.
21. Cooper N.R., Croft R.J., Dominey S.J.J., Burgess A.P., Gruzelier J.H. Paradox lost? Exploring the role of alpha oscillations during externally vs. internally directed attention and the implications for idling and inhibition hypotheses. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2003, 47:65-74.
22. Corbetta M., Shulman G.L. Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2002, 3:201-215.
23. Corbetta M., Patel G., Shulman G.L. The reorienting system of the human brain: From environment to theory of mind. Neuron 2008, 58:306-324.
24. Dietrich A. Functional neuroanatomy of altered states of consciousness: The transient hypofrontality hypothesis. Consciousness and Cognition 2003, 12:231-256.
25. Dietrich A. The cognitive neuroscience of creativity. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2004, 11:1011-1026.
26. Dietrich A. Who's afraid of a cognitive neuroscience of creativity?. Methods 2007, 42:22-27.
27. Dietrich A., Kanso R. A review of EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies of creativity and insight. Psychological Bulletin 2010, 136:822-848.
28. Doppelmayr M., Klimesch W., Hödlmoser K., Sauseng P., Gruber W. Intelligence related upper alpha desynchronization in a semantic memory task. Brain Research Bulletin 2005, 66:171-177.
29. Doppelmayr M., Klimesch W., Stadler W., Pollhuber D., Heine C. EEG alpha power and intelligence. Intelli 2002, 30:289-302.
30. Dugosh K.L., Paulus P.B. Cognitive and social comparison processes in brain storming. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2005, 41:313-320.
31. Dugosh K.L., Paulus P.B., Roland E.J., Yang H.-C. Cognitive stimulation in brainstorming. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 79:722-735.
32. Ellamil M., Dobson C., Beeman M., Christoff K. Evaluative and generative modes of thought during the creative process. Neuro 2012, 59:1783-1794.
33. Ericsson K.A., Krampe R.T., Tesch-Römer C. The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review 1993, 100:363-406.
34. Feist G.J. A meta-analysis of personality in scientific and artistic creativity. Personality and Social Psychology Review 1998, 2:290-309.
35. Fink A., Benedek M., Grabner R.H., Staudt B., Neubauer A.C. Creativity meets neuroscience: Experimental tasks for the neuroscientific study of creative thinking. Methods 2007, 42:68-76.
36. Fink A., Grabner R.H., Benedek M., Neubauer A.C. Divergent thinking training is related to frontal electroencephalogram alpha synchronization. European Journal of Neuroscience 2006, 23:2241-2246.
37. Fink A., Grabner R.H., Benedek M., Reishofer G., Hauswirth V., Fally M., Neuper C., Ebner F., Neubauer A.C. The creative brain: Investigation of brain activity during creative problem solving by means of EEG and fMRI. Human Brain Mapping 2009, 30:734-748.
38. Fink A., Grabner R.H., Gebauer D., Reishofer G., Koschutnig K., Ebner F. Enhancing creativity by means of cognitive stimulation: Evidence from an fMRI study. NeuroImage 2010, 52:1687-1695.
39. Fink A., Graif B., Neubauer A.C. Brain correlates underlying creative thinking: EEG alpha activity in professional vs. novice dancers. NeuroImage 2009, 46:854-862.
40. Fink A., Koschutnig K., Benedek M., Reishofer G., Ischebeck A., Weiss E.M., Ebner F. Stimulating creativity via the exposure to other people's ideas. Human Brain Mapping 2012, 33:2603-2610.
41. Fink A., Neubauer A.C. Extraversion and cortical activation: Effects of task complexity. Personality and Individual Differences 2004, 36:333-347.
42. Fink A., Neubauer A.C. EEG alpha oscillations during the performance of verbal creativity tasks: Differential effects of sex and verbal intelligence. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2006, 62:46-53.
43. Fink A., Neubauer A.C. Eysenck meets Martindale: The relationship between extraversion and originality from the neuroscientific perspective. Personality and Individual Differences 2008, 44:299-310.
44. Fink A., Schwab D., Papousek I. Sensitivity of EEG upper alpha activity to cognitive and affective creativity interventions. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2011, 82:233-239.
45. Fink A., Slamar-Halbedl M., Unterrainer H.-F., Weiss E. Creativity: genius, madness or a combination of both?. Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity 2011, 6:11-18.
46. Finke R.A., Ward T.M., Smith S.M. Creative Cognition: Theory, Research, and Applications 1992, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
47. Flaherty A.W. Frontotemporal and dopaminergic control of idea generation and creative drive. Journal of Comparative Neurology 2005, 493:147-153.
48. Gilhooly K.J., Fioratou E., Anthony S.H., Wynn V. Divergent thinking: Strategies and executive involvement in generating novel uses for familiar objects. British Journal of Psychology 2007, 98:611-625.
49. Grabner R.H., Fink A., Neubauer A.C. Brain correlates of self-rated originality of ideas: Evidence from event-related power and phase-locking changes in the EEG. Behavioral Neuroscience 2007, 121:224-230.
50. Grabner R.H., Fink A., Stipacek A., Neuper C., Neubauer A.C. Intelligence and working memory systems: Evidence of neural efficiency in alpha band ERD. Cognitive Brain Research 2004, 20:212-225.
51. Guilford J.P. Personality 1959, McGraw-Hill, New York.
52. Guilford J.P. The Nature of Human Intelligence 1967, McGraw-Hill, New York.
53. Hasson R., Honey C.J. Future trends in neuroimaging: Neural processes as expressed in real-life context. NeuroImage 2012, 62:1272-1278.
54. Hennessey B.A., Amabile T.M. Creativity. Annual Review of Psychology 2010, 61:569-598.
55. Hietanen J.K., Surakka V., Linnankoski I. Facial electromyographic responses to vocal affect expressions. Psychophysiology 1998, 35:530-536.
56. Howard-Jones P.A., Blakemore S.-J., Samuel E.A., Summers I.R., Claxton G. Semantic divergence and creative story generation: an fMRI investigation. Cognitive Brain Research 2005, 25:240-250.
57. Jauk E., Benedek M., Neubauer A.C. Tackling creativity at its roots: Evidence for different patterns of EEG alpha activity related to convergent and divergent modes of task processing. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2012, 84:219-225.
58. Jaušovec N. Differences in EEG activity during the solution of closed and open problems. Creative Research Journal 1997, 10:317-324.
59. Jaušovec N. Differences in cognitive processes between gifted, intelligent, creative, and average individuals while solving complex problems: an EEG Study. Intelligence 2000, 28:213-237.
60. Jaušovec N., Jaušovec K. EEG activity during the performance of complex mental problems. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2000, 36:73-88.
61. Jaušovec N., Jaušovec K., Gerlič I. The influence of Mozart's music on brain activity in the process of learning. Clinical Neurophysiology 2006, 117:2703-2714.
62. Jensen O., Gelfand J., Kounios J., Lisman J.E. Oscillations in the alpha band (9-12Hz) increase with memory load during retention in a short-term memory task. Cerebral Cortex 2002, 12:877-882.
63. Jung R.E., Gasparovic C., Chavez R.S., Flores R.A., Smith S.M., Caprihan A., Yeo R.A. Biochemical support for the threshold theory of creativity: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Journal of Neuroscience 2009, 29:5319-5325.
64. Jung R.E., Grazioplene R., Caprihan A., Chavez R.S., Haier R.J. White matter integrity, creativity, and psychopathology: Disentangling constructs with diffusion tensor imaging. PlosOne 2010, 5:e9818.
65. Jung R.E., Haier R.J. The parieto-frontal integration theory (P-FIT) of intelligence: Converging neuroimaging evidence. Behavioral and Brain Science 2007, 30:135-187.
66. Jung R.E., Segall J.M., Jeremy Bockholt H., Flores R.A., Smith S.M., Chavez R.S., et al. Neuroanatomy of creativity. Human Brain Mapping 2010, 31:398-409.
67. Jung-Beeman M. Bilateral brain processes for comprehending natural language. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2005, 9:512-518.
68. Jung-Beeman M., Bowden E.M., Haberman J., Frymiare J.L., Arambel-Liu S., Greenblatt R., Reber P.J., Kounios J. Neural activity when people solve verbal problems with insight. PLoS Biology 2004, 2:500-510.
69. Karrasch M., Krause C.M., Laine M., Lang A.H., Lehto M. Event-related desynchronization and synchronization during an auditory lexical matching task. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1998, 107:112-121.
70. Kaufman J.C. The door that leads into madness: Eastern European poets and mental illness. Creativity Research Journal 2005, 17:99-103.
71. Kaufman J.C. Using creativity to reduce ethnic bias in college admissions. Review of General Psychology 2010, 14:189-203.
72. Kaufman J.C., Beghetto R.A. Beyond big and little: The four C model of creativity. Review of General Psychology 2009, 13:1-12.
73. Kaufman J.C., Plucker J.A., Baer J. Essentials of Creativity Assessment 2008, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
74. King L.A., Walker L.M., Broyles S.J. Creativity and the five-factor model. Journal of Research in Personality 1996, 30:189-203.
75. Klimesch W. EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: A review and analysis. Brain Research Review 1999, 29:169-195.
76. Klimesch W., Doppelmayr M., Rohm D., Pollhuber D., Stadler W. Simultaneous desynchronization and synchronization of different alpha responses in the human electroencephalograph: a neglected paradox?. Neuroscience Letters 2000, 284:97-100.
77. Klimesch W., Doppelmayr M., Schwaiger J., Auinger P., Winkler T. Paradoxical alpha synchronization in a memory task. Cognitive Brain Research 1999, 7:493-501.
78. Klimesch W., Sauseng P., Hanslmayr S. EEG alpha oscillations: the inhibition-timing hypothesis. Brain Research Review 2007, 53:63-88.
79. Krug R., Mölle M., Dodt C., Fehm H.L., Born J. Acute influences of estrogen and testosterone on divergent and convergent thinking in postmenopausal women. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003, 28:1538-1545.
80. Knyazev G.G. Motivation, emotion, and their inhibitory control mirrored in brain oscillations. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2007, 31:377-395.
81. Kounios J., Beeman M. The Aha! Moment: the cognitive neuroscience of insight. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2009, 18:210-216.
82. Kounios J., Frymiare J.L., Bowden E.M., Fleck J.I., Subramaniam K., Parrish T.B., Jung-Beeman M. The prepared mind. Neural activity prior to problem presentation predicts subsequent solution by sudden insight. Psychological Science 2006, 17:882-890.
83. Kounios J., Fleck J.I., Green D.L., Payne L., Stevenson J.L., Bowden E.M., Jung-Beeman M. The origins of insight in resting-state brain activity. Neuropsychologia 2008, 46:281-291.
84. Kowatari Y., Lee S.H., Yamamura H., Nagamori Y., Levy P., Yamane S., Yamamoto M. Neural networks involved in artistic creativity. Human Brain Mapping 2009, 30:1678-1690.
85. Krause C.M., Lang H.A., Laine M., Kuusisto M.J., Pörn B. Cortical processing of vowels and tones as measured by event-related desynchronization. Brain Topography 1995, 8 47-856.
86. Krause C.M., Lang H.A., Laine M., Kuusisto M.J., Pörn B. Event-related EEG desynchronization and synchronization during an auditory memory task. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1996, 98:319-326.
87. Krause C.M., Sillanmäki L., Häggqvist A., Heino R. Test-retest consistency of the event-related desynchronization/event-related synchronization of the 4-6, 6-8, 8-10 and 10-12Hz frequency bands during a memory task. Clinical Neurophysiology 2001, 112:750-757.
88. Krause C.M., Sillanmäki L., Koivisto M., Saarela C., Häggqvist A., Laine M., Hämäläinen H. The effects of memory load on event-related EEG desynchronization and synchronization. Clinical Neurophysiology 2000, 111:2071-2078.
89. Lachaux J.-P., Rodriguez E., Martinerie J., Varela F.J. Measuring phase synchrony in brain signals. Human Brain Mapping 1999, 8:194-208.
90. Martindale C. Biological bases of creativity. Handbook of Creativity 1999, 137-152. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. R. Sternberg (Ed.).
91. Martindale C., Hasenfus N. EEG differences as a function of creativity, stage of the creative process, and effort to be original. Biological Psychology 1978, 6:157-167.
92. Martindale C., Hines D. Creativity and cortical activation during creative, intellectual, and EEG feedback tasks. Biological Psychology 1975, 3:71-80.
93. Martindale C., Hines D., Mitchell L., Covello E. EEG alpha asymmetry and creativity. Personality and Individual Differences 1984, 5:77-86.
94. Meyer M., Zysser S., von Cramon D.Y., Alter K. Distinct fMRI responses to laughter, speech, and sounds along the human peri-sylvian cortex. Cognitive Brain Research 2005, 24:291-306.
95. Mölle M., Marshall L., Wolf B., Fehm H.L., Born J. EEG complexity and performance measures of creative thinking. Psychophysiology 1999, 36:95-104.
96. Neisser U., Boodoo G., Bouchard T.J., Boykin A.W., Brody N., Ceci S.J., Halpern D.F., Loehlin J.C., Perloff R., Sternberg R.J., Urbina S. Intelligence: knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist 1996, 51:77-101.
97. Neubauer A.C., Fink A. Intelligence and neural efficiency. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2009, 33:1004-1023.
98. Neubauer A.C., Fink A., Grabner R.H. Sensitivity of alpha band ERD/ERS to individual differences in cognition. Event-related Dynamics of Brain Oscillations. Progress in Brain Research 2006, 167-178. Elsevier, Amsterdam. C. Neuper, W. Klimesch (Eds.).
99. Neuper C., Grabner R.H., Fink A., Neubauer A.C. Long-term stability and consistency of EEG event-related (de-)synchronization across different cognitive tasks. Clinical Neurophysiology 2005, 116:1681-1694.
100. Event-related Dynamics of Brain Oscillations. Progress in Brain Research 2006, Elsevier, Amsterdam. C. Neuper, W. Klimesch (Eds.).
101. Neuper C., Pfurtscheller G. Event-related dynamics of cortical rhythms: frequency-specific features and functional correlates. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2001, 43:41-58.
102. Paulus P.B., Brown V.R. Toward more creative and innovative group idea generation: a cognitive-social-motivational perspective of brainstorming. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2007, 1:248-265.
103. Petersen S.E., Posner M.I. The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after. Annual Review of Neuroscience 2012, 35:73-89.
104. Petsche H. Approaches to verbal, visual and musical creativity by EEG coherence analysis. International Journal of Psychophysiology 1996, 24:145-159.
105. Pfurtscheller G. Quantification of ERD and ERS in the time domain. Event-related Desynchronization. Handbook of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1999, vol. 6:89-105. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
106. Pfurtscheller G., Aranibar A. Event-related cortical desynchronization detected by power measurements of scalp EEG. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1977, 42:817-826.
107. Pfurtscheller G., Neuper C., Mohl W. Event-related desynchronization during visual processing. International Journal of Psychophysiology 1994, 16:147-153.
108. Event-related Desynchronization. Handbook of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1999, Elsevier, Amsterdam. sixth ed. G. Pfurtscheller, F.H. Lopes da Silva (Eds.).
109. Pfurtscheller G., Stancak, Neuper A.C. Event-related synchronization (ERS) in the alpha band-an electrophysiological correlate of cortical idling: a review. International Journal of Psychophysiology 1996, 24:39-46.
110. Plucker J.A. Is the proof in the pudding? Reanalyses of Torrance's (1958 to present) longitudinal data. Creative Research Journal 1999, 12:103-114.
111. Ray W.J., Cole H.W. EEG alpha activity reflects attentional demands, and beta activity reflects emotional and cognitive processes. Science 1985, 228:750-752.
112. Razumnikova O.M. Functional organization of different brain areas during convergent and divergent thinking: an EEG investigation. Cognitive Brain Research 2000, 10:11-18.
113. Razumnikova O.M. Gender differences in hemispheric organization during divergent thinking: an EEG investigation in human subjects. Neuroscience Letters 2004, 362:193-195.
114. Razumnikova O.M. Creativity related cortex activity in the remote associates task. Brain Research Bulletin 2007, 73:96-102.
115. Razumnikova O.M. The functional significance of alpha2 frequency range for convergent and divergent verbal thinking. Human Physiology 2007, 33:146-156.
116. Razumnikova O.M., Volf N.V., Tarasova I.V. Characteristics of cortical activity in persons with high and low verbal creativity: Analysis of alpha1,2 rhythms. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni I.P. Pavlova 2009, 5:581-586.
117. Runco M.A., Acar S. Divergent thinking as an indicator of creative potential. Creative Research Journal 2012, 24:66-75.
118. Sandkühler S., Bhattacharya J. Deconstructing insight: EEG correlates of insightful problem solving. PLoS One 2008, 3:e1459. 10.1371/journal.pone.0001459.
119. Sauseng P., Klimesch W., Doppelmayr M., Pecherstorfer T., Freunberger R., Hanslmayr S. EEG alpha synchronization and functional coupling during top-down processing in a working memory task. Human Brain Mapping 2005, 26:148-155.
120. Sawyer R.K. Educating for innovation. Think Skills Creative 2006, 1:41-48.
121. Sawyer K. The cognitive neuroscience of creativity: a critical review. Creativity Research Journal 2011, 22:137-154.
122. Schaefer R.S., Vlek R.J., Desain P. Music perception and imagery in EEG: Alpha band effects of task and stimulus. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2011, 82:254-259.
123. Shemyakina N.V., Danko S.G., Nagornova Z.V., Starchenko M.G., Bechtereva N.P. Changes in the power and coherence spectra of the EEG rhythmic components during solution of a verbal creative task of overcoming a stereotype. Human Physiology 2007, 33:524-530.
124. Sheth B.R., Sandkühler S., Bhattacharya J. Posterior beta and anterior gamma oscillations predict cognitive insight. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2009, 21:1269-1279.
125. Simonton D.K. Cognitive, personal, developmental, and social aspects. American Psychologist 2000, 55:151-158.
126. Smith S.M., Ward T.B., Finke R.A. The Creative Cognition Approach 1995, MIT Press, Cambridge.
127. Srinivasan N. Cognitive neuroscience and creativity: EEG based approaches. Methods 2007, 42:109-116.
128. Stein M.I. Creativity and culture. Journal of Psychology 1953, 36:311-322.
129. Stipacek A., Grabner R.H., Neuper C., Fink A., Neubauer A.C. Sensitivity of human EEG alpha band desynchronization to different working memory components and increasing levels of working memory load. Neuroscience Letters 2003, 353:193-196.
130. Sternberg R.J., Lubart T.I. Investing in creativity. American Psychologist 1996, 7:677-688.
131. Sturm W., Willmes K. On the functional neuroanatomy of intrinsic and phasic alertness. Neuro 2001, 14:76-84.
132. Takeuchi H., Taki Y., Sassa Y., Hashizume H., Sekiguchi A., Fukushima A., Kawashima R. Regional gray matter volume of dopamingergic system associate with creativity: Evidence from voxel-based morphometry. NeuroImage 2010, 51:578-585.
133. Torrance E.P. Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking 1966, Scholastic Testing Service, Bensenville, IL.
134. Von Stein A., Sarnthein J. Different frequencies for different scales of cortical integration: from local gamma to long range alpha/theta synchronization. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2000, 38:301-313.
135. Wagner A.D., Shannon B.J., Kahn I., Buckner R.L. Parietal lobe contributions to episodic memory retrieval. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2005, 9:445-453.
136. Ward L.M. Synchronous neural oscillations and cognitive processes. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2003, 7:553-559.
137. Ward T.B. Creative cognition as a window on creativity. Methods 2007, 42:28-37.
138. Warren J.E., Sauter D.A., Eisner F., Wiland J., Dresner M.A., Wise R.J., et al. Positive emotions preferentially engage an auditory-motor 'mirror' system. Journal of Neuroscience 2006, 26:13067-13075.
139. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised (WAIS-R) 1981, Psychological Corporation, New York.
140. Weisberg R.W. Creativity. Understanding Innovation in Problem Solving, Science, Invention and the Art 2006, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.