A simple way to estimate similarity between pairs of eye movement sequences

Journal of Eye Movement Research

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Mathôt, Sebastiaan ^a   Cristino, Filipe ^b   Gilchrist, Iain D ^c   Theeuwes, Jan ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b BANGOR UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Distance; Eye movements; Methodology; Scanpaths; Similarity

Indexed keywords

EID: 84901583108     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19958692     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Brandt, S. A., & Stark, L. W. (1997). Spontaneous eye movements during visual imagery reflect the content of the visual scene. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9(1), 27-38. doi: 10.1162/jocn.1997.9.1.27
2. Caldara, R., & Miellet, S. (2011). iMap: a novel method for statistical fixation mapping of eye movement data. Behavior Research Methods, 43(3), 864-878. doi:10.3758/s13428-011-0092-x
3. Cristino, F., Mathôt, S., Theeuwes, J., & Gilchrist, I. D. (2010). ScanMatch: A novel method for comparing fixation sequences. Behavior Research Methods, 42(3), 692-700. doi:10.3758/BRM.42.3.692
4. de Hoon, M., Imoto, S., & Miyano, S. (2010). The C Clustering library. Retrieved from http://bonsai. hgc.jp/~mdehoon/software/cluster/software.htm
5. Dempere-Marco, L., Hu, X. P., Ellis, S. M., Hansell, D. M., & Yang, G. Z. (2006). Analysis of visual search patterns with EMD metric in normalized anatomical space. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 25(8), 1011-1021.
6. Duchowski, A. T., Driver, J., Jolaoso, S., Tan, W., Ramey, B. N., & Robbins, A. (2010). Scanpath comparison revisited. In Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications (pp. 219-226). New York, NY: ACM.
7. Eaton, J. W. (2002). GNU Octave Manual. Network Theory Limited.
8. Foulsham, T., & Underwood, G. (2008). What can saliency models predict about eye movements? Spatial and sequential aspects of fixations during encoding and recognition. Journal of Vision, 8(2), 1-17.
9. Gibboni, R. R., Zimmerman, P. E., & Gothard, K. M. (2009). Individual differences in scanpaths correspond with serotonin transporter genotype and behavioral phenotype in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 3(50), 1-11. doi:10.3389/neuro.08.050.2009
10. Grindinger, T., Murali, V., Tetreault, S., Duchowski, A., Birchfield, S., & Orero, P. (2011). Algorithm for discriminating aggregate gaze points: comparison with salient regions-of-interest. In Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on computer vision (pp. 390- 399). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
11. Hacisalihzade, S. S., Stark, L. W., & Allen, J. S. (1992). Visual perception and sequences of eye movement fixations: A stochastic modeling approach. IEEE Transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics, 22(3), 474-481.
12. Henderson, J. M., Brockmole, J. R., Castelhano, M. S., Mack, M., Fischer, M., Murray, W., & Hill, R. (2007). Visual saliency does not account for eye movements during visual search in real-world scenes. In R. P. G. van Gompel, M. H. Fischer, & W. S. Murray, R. L. Hill (Eds.), Eye movements: A window on mind and brain, (pp. 537-562). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
13. Itti, L., & Koch, C. (2000). A saliency-based search mechanism for overt and covert shifts of visual attention. Vision Research, 40, 1489-1506.
14. Itti, L., Koch, C., & Niebur, E. (1998). A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene analysis. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 20(11), 1254-1259.
15. Jarodzka, H., Holmqvist, K., & Nyström, M. (2010). A vector-based, multidimensional scanpath similarity measure. In Proceedings of the 2010 sympsosium on eye-tracking research & applications (pp. 211-218). Austin, TX: ACM.
16. Jones, E., Oliphant, T., & Peterson, P. (2001). Scipy: Open source scientific tools for Python. Retrieved from http://www.scipy.org/
17. Levenshtein, V. I. (1966). Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals. Soviet Physics Doklady, 10(8), 707-710.
18. Mannan, S. K., Ruddock, K. H., & Wooding, D. S. (1995). Automatic control of saccadic eye movements made in visual inspection of briefly presented 2-D images. Spatial Vision, 9(3), 363-386.
19. Mannan, S. K., Ruddock, K. H., & Wooding, D. S. (1997). Fixation patterns made during brief examination of two-dimensional images. Perception, 26, 1059-1072.
20. Needleman, S. B., & Wunsch, C. D. (1970). A general method applicable to the search for similarities in the amino acid sequence of two proteins. Journal of Molecular Biology, 48(3), 443-453. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(70)90057-4
21. Noton, D., & Stark, L. (1971). Scanpaths in eye movements during pattern perception. Science, 171(3968), 308-311.
22. Okuda, T., Tanaka, E., & Kasai, T. (1976). A method for the correction of garbled words based on the Levenshtein metric. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 100(2), 172-178.
23. Privitera, C. M., & Stark, L. W. (2000). Algorithms for defining visual regions-of-interest: Comparison with eye fixations. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 22(9), 970-982.
24. R Development Core Team. (2010). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org/
25. Russell, B. C., Torralba, A., Murphy, K. P., & Freeman, W. T. (2008). LabelMe: a database and web-based tool for image annotation. International Journal of Computer Vision, 77(1), 157-173.
26. San Agustin, J., Skovsgaard, H., Mollenbach, E., Barret, M., Tall, M., Hansen, D. W., & Hansen, J. P. (2010). Evaluation of a low-cost open-source gaze tracker. In Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications (pp. 77-80). Austin, TX: ACM.
27. The MathWorks. (1998). MATLAB User's Guide. Natick, MA: Mathworks.
28. Van Rossum, G. (2008). Python reference manual. Python software foundation.
29. Wagner, R. A., & Lowrance, R. (1975). An extension of the string-to-string correction problem. Journal of the ACM, 22(2), 177-183.
30. West, J. M., Haake, A. R., Rozanski, E. P., & Karn, K. S. (2006). eyePatterns: software for identifying patterns and similarities across fixation sequences. In Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications (pp. 149-154). San Diego, CA: ACM. doi:10.1145/1117309.1117360
31. Wetzels, R., Matzke, D., Lee, M. D., Rouder, J. N., Iverson, G. J., & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2011). Statistical evidence in experimental psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(3), 291-298. doi:10.1177/1745691611406923
32. Zangemeister, W. H., & Liman, T. (2007). Foveal versus parafoveal scanpaths of visual imagery in virtual hemianopic subjects. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 37(7), 975-982. doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed. 2007.01.015
33. Zangemeister, W. H., & Oechsner, U. (1996). Evidence for scanpaths in hemianopic patients shown through string editing methods. Advances in Psychology, 116, 197-221.