Diversity and Intersectionality among Environmentally Burdened Communities in the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area, USA

Urban Studies

Volumn 51, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 1850-1870

  Sicotte, Diane ^a  

^a DREXEL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

environmental inequality; environmental justice; racial inequality; social class inequality; urban geography

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; HAZARDOUS WASTE; INDUSTRIAL LOCATION; METROPOLITAN AREA; RACIAL DISPARITY; SOCIAL STATUS; URBAN GEOGRAPHY; WASTE FACILITY;

PENNSYLVANIA; PHILADELPHIA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84901336882     PISSN: 00420980     EISSN: 1360063X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0042098013502827     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Adams C.,Bartelt D.,Elesh D.,Goldstein I.Restructuring the Philadelphia Region: Metropolitan Divisions and Inequality. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press; 2008:.
2. Adams C.,Bartelt D.,Elesh D.,Goldstein I., et alPhiladelphia: Neighborhoods, Division and Conflict in a Postindustrial City. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press; 1991:.
3. American Lung Association (2012) State of the air (www.stateoftheair.org/2012/city-rankings/).
4. Anderson E.The emerging Philadelphia African-American class structure.The American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2000;568 (1): 54-77.
5. Apelberg B. J.,Buckley T. J.,White R. H.Socioeconomic and racial disparities in cancer risk from air toxics in Maryland.Environmental Health Perspectives. 2005;113 (6): 693-699.
6. Ash M. T.,Fetter R.Who lives on the wrong side of the environmental tracks? Evidence from the EPA's risk-screening environmental indicators model.Social Science Quarterly. 2004;85 (2): 441-462.
7. Baden B. M.,Noonan D. S.,Turaga R. M. R.Scales of justice: is there a geographic bias in environmental equity analysis?.Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 2007;50 (2): 163-185.
8. Binzen P.Whitetown, U.S.A. New York: Random House; 1970:.
9. Bolin B.,Grineski S.,Collins T.The geography of despair: environmental racism and the making of South Phoenix, Arizona, USA.Human Ecology Review. 2005;12:2 156-168.
10. Bolin B.,Nelson A.,Hackett E. J.,Pijawka K. D., et al.The ecology of technological risk in a sunbelt city.Environment and Planning A. 2002;34 (2): 317-339.
11. Boone C. G.An assessment and explanation of environmental inequality in Baltimore.Urban Geography. 2002;23 (6): 581-595.
12. Boone C. G.,Modarres A.Creating a toxic neighborhood in Los Angeles county: a historical examination of environmental inequality.Urban Affairs Review. 1999;35:2 163-187.
13. Brown P.,Ciambrone D.,Hunter L.Does 'green' mask grey? Environmental equity issues at the metropolitan level.International Journal of Contemporary Sociology. 1997;34 (2): 141-158.
14. Brulle R. J.,Pellow D. N.Power, Justice and the Environment: A Critical Appraisal of the Environmental Justice Movement. Pellow D. N.Brulle R. J., ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2005:293-300.
15. Bullard R. D.,Johnson G. S.Environmental justice: grassroots activism and its impact on public policy decision making.Journal of Social Issues. 2000;56 (3): 555-578.
16. Burt N.,Davis W. E.Philadelphia: A 300-Year History. Weigley R. F., ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Co; 1982:471-523.
17. Chakraborty J.,Maantay J.,Brender J. P.Disproportionate proximity to environmental health hazards: methods, models and measurement.American Journal of Public Health. 2011;101 (S1): S27-S36.
18. Cole L.,Foster S. R.From the Ground up: Environmental Racism and the Rise of the Environmental Justice Movement. New York: New York University Press; 2001:.
19. Collins P. H.Black Feminist Thought. New York: Routledge; 2008:.
20. Colten C. E.An Unnatural Metropolis: Wresting New Orleans from Nature. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press; 2005:.
21. Crone T. M.Where have all the factory jobs gone-and why?.Business Review. 1997;:1-16.
22. Diez-Roux A. V.,Nieto F. J.,Muntaner C.,Tyroler H. A., et al.Neighborhood environments and coronary heart disease.American Journal of Epidemiology. 1997;146 (1): 48-63.
23. Douglas H. P.The Suburban Trend. New York: The Century Co; 1925:.
24. Downey L.The unintended significance of race: environmental racial inequality in Detroit.Social Forces. 2005;83 (3): 971-1008.
25. Downey L.Environmental inequality in metropolitan America in 2000.Sociological Spectrum. 2006a;26 (1): 21-41.
26. Downey L.Environmental racial inequality in Detroit.Social Forces. 2006b;85 (2): 771-796.
27. Downey L.US metropolitan-area variation in environmental inequality outcomes.Urban Studies. 2007;44 (5/6): 953-977.
28. Downey L.,Hawkins B.Environmental inequality in metropolitan America.Organization & Environment. 2008;21 (3): 270-294.
29. Drobis S. M.Occupation and residential differentiation: a historical application of cluster analysis.Historical Methods Newsletter. 1976;9:114-134.
30. Environmental Justice Work Group (2001) Report to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. Unpublished report.
31. Faber D. R.,Krieg E. J.Unequal exposure to ecological hazards: environmental injustices in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.Environmental Health Perspectives. 2002;110 (S2): 277-288.
32. Faber D. R.,Krieg E. J.Unequal exposure to ecological hazards, 2005: environmental injustices in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Report, Northeastern University; 2005:.
33. Farber S.Undesirable facilities and property values: a summary of empirical studies.Ecological Economics. 1998;24 (1): 1-14.
34. Women, Poverty and Aids: Sex, Drugs and Structural Violence. 2007) Women, Poverty and Aids: Sex, Drugs and Structural Violence, 2nd edn.Cambridge, MA: Common Courage Press.Farmer P.Connors M.Simmons J., ed. Cambridge, MA: Common Courage Press; 2007:.
35. Frickel S.,Elliott J. R.Tracking industrial land use conversions: a new approach for studying relict waste and urban development.Organization & Environment. 2008;21 (2): 128-147.
36. Gee G. C.,Payne-Sturges D. C.Environmental health disparities: a framework integrating psychosocial and environmental concepts.Environmental Health Perspectives. 2004;112 (17): 1645-1653.
37. Gillette H.Camden after the Fall: Decline and Renewal in a Post-industrial City. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2006:.
38. Greenberg M.,Hughes J.The impact of hazardous waste Superfund sites on the value of houses sold in New Jersey.The Annals of Regional Science. 1992;26 (2): 147-153.
39. Greenberg S. W.Industrialization in Philadelphia: the relationship between industrial location and residential patterns, 1880-1930. Temple University, Philadelphia; 1977:.
40. Hanlon B.A typology of inner-ring suburbs: class, race and ethnicity in U.S. suburbia.City & Community. 2009;8 (3): 221-246.
41. Harvey D.The Urban Experience. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1989:.
42. Hershberg T.The Peoples of Philadelphia: A History of Ethnic Groups and Lower-class Life, 1790-1940. Davis A. F.Haller M. H., ed. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press; 1998:111-134.
43. Hurley A.Environmental Inequalities: Class, Race and Industrial Pollution in Gary, Indiana, 1945-1980. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press; 1995:.
44. Kaufman G. J.The Delaware River revival: four centuries of historic water quality change from Henry Hudson to Benjamin Franklin to JFK.Pennsylvania History. 2010;77 (4): 432-465.
45. Krieg E. J.A socio-historical interpretation of toxic waste sites: the case of Greater Boston.American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 1995;54 (1): 1-14.
46. Krieg E. J.Methodological considerations in the study of toxic waste hazards.The Social Science Journal. 1998a;35 (2): 191-201.
47. Krieg E. J.The two faces of toxic waste: trends in the spread of environmental hazards.Sociological Forum. 1998b;13 (1): 3-20.
48. Krieg E. J.,Faber D. R.Not so black and white: environmental justice and cumulative impact assessments.Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2004;24 (7/8): 667-694.
49. Lane R.Roots of Violence in Black Philadelphia, 1860-1900. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1989:.
50. Leigh N. G.,Lee S.Philadelphia's space in between: inner-ring suburb evolution.Opolis. 2005;1 (1): 13-32.
51. Linder S. H.,Marko D.,Sexton K.Cumulative cancer risk from air pollution in Houston: disparities in risk burden and social disadvantage.Environmental Science and Technology. 2008;42 (12): 4312-4322.
52. Maantay J.Zoning law, health, and environmental justice: what's the connection?.Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 2002;30 (4): 572-593.
53. Mohai P.,Bryant B.Race and the Incidence of Environmental Hazards: A Time for Discourse. Bryant B.Mohai P., ed. Boulder, CO: Westview; 1992:163-176.
54. Mohai P.,Saha R.Reassessing racial and socioeconomic disparities in environmental justice research.Demography. 2006;43 (2): 383-399.
55. Mohai P.,Saha R.Racial inequality in the distribution of hazardous waste: a national-level reassessment.Social Problems. 2007;54 (3): 343-370.
56. Mohai P.,Pellow D.,Roberts J. T.Environmental justice.Annual Review of Environmental Resources. 2009;34:405-430.
57. Morello-Frosch R. A.Discrimination and the political economy of environmental inequality.Environment and Planning C. 2002;20 (4): 477-496.
58. Morello-Frosch R. A.,Jesdale B. M.Separate and unequal: residential segregation and estimated cancer risks associated with ambient air toxics in U.S. metropolitan areas.Environmental Health Perspectives. 2006;114 (3): 386-393.
59. Morello-Frosch R. A.,Shenassa E. D.The environmental 'riskscape' and social inequality: implications for explaining maternal and child health disparities.Environmental Health Perspectives. 2006;114 (8): 1150-1153.
60. Morello-Frosch R. A.,Pastor M.,Porras C.,Sadd J.Environmental justice and regional inequality in southern California: implications for future research.Environmental Health Perspectives. 2002;110 (2): 149-154.
61. Nash G. B.First City: Philadelphia and the Forging of Historical Memory. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2002:.
62. Orfield M.American Metropolitics: The New Suburban Reality. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press; 2002:.
63. Pellow D. N.,Park L. S. H.The Silicon Valley of Dreams: Environmental Injustice, Immigrant Works and the High-tech Global Economy. New York: New York Univeristy Press; 2002:.
64. Pomar O.The Quest for Environmental Justice: Human Rights and the Politics of Pollution. Bullard R. D., ed. San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books; 2005:125-141.
65. Pred A.Manufacturing in the American mercantile city, 1800-1840.Annals of the American Association of Geographers. 1966;45 (2): 307-338.
66. Pulido L.Rethinking environmental racism: white privilege and urban development in southern California.Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 2000;90 (1): 12-40.
67. Pulido L.,Sidawi S.,Vos R. O.An archeology of environmental racism in Los Angeles.Urban Geography. 1996;17 (5): 419-439.
68. Rephann T. J.The economic impacts of LULUs.Environment and Planning C. 2000;18 (4): 393-407.
69. Richardson E. P.Philadelphia: A 300-Year History. Weigley R. F., ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Co; 1982:208-257.
70. Ringquist E. J.Assessing evidence of environmental inequalities: a meta-analysis.Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 2005;24 (2): 223-247.
71. Schweitzer L.,Stephenson M.Right answers, wrong questions: environmental justice as urban research.Urban Studies. 2007;44 (2): 319-337.
72. Scranton P.Conceptualizing Pennsylvania's industrializations, 1850-1950.Pennsylvania History. 1994;61 (1): 6-17.
73. Scranton P.,Licht W.Work Sights. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press; 1986:.
74. Sicotte D.Some more polluted than others: unequal cumulative industrial hazard burdens in the Philadelphia MSA, USA.Local Environment. 2010;15 (8): 761-774.
75. Sicotte D.,Swanson S.Whose risk in Philadelphia? Proximity to unequally hazardous industrial facilities.Social Science Quarterly. 2007;88 (2): 515-534.
76. Smith R. A.Discovering stable racial integration.Journal of Urban Affairs. 1998;20 (1): 1-25.
77. Stretesky P.,Lynch M. J.Environmental justice and the prediction of distance to accidental chemical releases in Hillsborough County, Florida.Social Science Quarterly. 1999;80 (4): 830-846.
78. Taylor G. R.Satellite Cities. New York: D. Appleton & Co; 1915:.
79. US Bureau of the Census 2000 Census of Population and Housing: Summary File 3. Washington, DC: US Bureau of the Census; 2004:.
80. Walker R.,Lewis R.Manufacturing Suburbs: Building Work and Home on the Metropolitan Fringe. Lewis R., ed. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press; 2004:16-31.
81. Weiler C.Philadelphia: Neighborhood, Authority and the Urban Crisis. New York: Praeger; 1974:.