A tropical West Pacific OH minimum and implications for stratospheric composition

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 14, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 4827-4841

  Rex, M ^a   Wohltmann, I ^a   Ridder, T ^b   Lehmann, R ^a   Rosenlof, K ^c   Wennberg, P ^d   Weisenstein, D ^e   Notholt, J ^b   Kruger K ^f,g   Mohr, V ^f   Tegtmeier, S ^f  

^a ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

^c NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^d CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^e ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH   (United States)

^f GEOMAR HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR OCEAN RESEARCH KIEL   (Germany)

^g UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84901049726     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-4827-2014     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Aschmann, J. and Sinnhuber, B.-M.: Contribution of very shortlived substances to stratospheric bromine loading: uncertainties and constraints, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1203-1219, doi:10.5194/acp-13-1203-2013, 2013.
2. Berglen, T. F., Berntsen, T. K., Isaksen, I. S. A., and Sundet, J. K.: A global model of the coupled sulfur/oxidant chemistry in the troposphere: The sulfur cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19310, doi:10.1029/2003JD003948, 2004.
3. Bonazzola, M. and Haynes, P. H.: A trajectory-based study of the tropical tropopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20112, doi:10.1029/2003JD004356, 2004.
4. Browell, E. V., Fenn, M. A., Butler, C. F., Grant, W. B., Ismail, S., Ferrare, R. A., Kooi, S. A., Brackett, V. G., Clayton, M. B., Avery, M. A., Barrick, J. D. W., Fuelberg, H. E., Maloney, J. C., Newell, R. E., Zhu, Y., Mahoney, M. J., Anderson, B. E., Blake, D. R., Brune, W. H., Heikes, B. G., Sachse, G. W., Singh, H. B., and Talbot, R. W.: Large-scale air mass characteristics observed over the remote tropical Pacific Ocean during March-April 1999: Results from PEM-Tropics B field experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 32481-32501, 2001.
5. Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P., Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A. C. M., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Delsol, C., Dragani, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A. J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S. B., Hersbach, H., Hólm, E. V., Isaksen, L., Kållberg, P., Köhler, M., Matricardi, M., McNally, A. P., Monge-Sanz, B. M., Morcrette, J.-J., Park, B.-K., Peubey, C., de Rosnay, P., Tavolato, C., Thépaut, J.-N., and Vitart, F.: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 553-597, 2011.
6. Fueglistaler, S., Wernli, H., and Peter, T.: Tropical troposphereto-stratosphere transport inferred from trajectory calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D03108, doi:10.1029/2003JD004069, 2004.
7. Fujiwara, M., Tomikawa, Y., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Komala, N., Saraspriya, S., Manik, T., Suripto, A., Kawakami, S., Ogawa, T., Kelana, E., Suhardi, B., Harijono, S. W. B., Kudsy, M., Sribimawati, T., and Yamanaka, M.: Ozonesonde observations in the Indonesian maritime continent: a case study on ozone rich layer in the equatorial upper troposphere, Atmos. Environ., 37, 353-362, 2003.
8. Gao, R. S., Fahey, D. W., Salawitch, R. J., Lloyd, S. A., Anderson, D. E., DeMajistre, R., McElroy, C. T., Woodbridge, E. L., Wamsley, R. C., Donnelly, S. G., Del Negro, L. A., Proffitt, M. H., Stimpfle, R. M., Kohn, D. W., Kawa, S. R., Lait, L. R., Loewenstein, M., Podolske, J. R., Keim, E. R., Dye, J. E., Wilson, J. C., and Chan, K. R.: Partitioning of the reactive nitrogen reservoir in the lower stratosphere of the southern hemisphere: Observations and modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 3935-3949, doi:10.1029/96JD01967, 1997.
9. Gao, R. S., Rosenlof, K. H., Fahey, D. W., Wennberg, P. O., Hintsa, E. J., and Hanisco, T. F.: OH in the tropical upper troposphere and its relationships to solar radiation and reactive nitrogen, J. Atmos. Chem., doi:10.1007/s10874-014-9280-2, 2014.
10. Hanisco, T. F., Lanzendorf, E. J., Wennberg, P. O., Perkins, K. K., Stimpfle, R. M., Voss, P. B., Anderson, J. G., Cohen, R. C., Fahey, D. W., Gao, R. S., Hintsa, E. J., Salawitch, R. J., Margitan, J. J., McElroy, C. T., and Midwinter, C.: Sources, Sinks, and the Distribution of OH in the Lower Stratosphere, J. Phys. Chem. A, 105, 1543-1553, 2001.
11. Hofmann, D., Barnes, J., O'Neill, M., Trudeau, M., and Neely, R.: Increase in background stratospheric aerosol observed with lidar at Mauna Loa Observatory and Boulder, Colorado, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15808, doi:10.1029/2009GL039008, 2009.
12. Hossaini, R., Chipperfield, M. P., Dhomse, S., Ordóñez, C., Saiz-Lopez, A., Abraham, N. L., Archibald, A., Braesicke, P., Telford, P., Warwick, N., Yang, X., and Pyle, J.: Modelling future changes to the stratospheric source gas injection of biogenic bromocarbons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L20813, doi:10.1029/2012GL053401, 2012.
13. Hossaini, R., Mantle, H., Chipperfield, M. P., Montzka, S. A., Hamer, P., Ziska, F., Quack, B., Krüger, K., Tegtmeier, S., Atlas, E., Sala, S., Engel, A., Bönisch, H., Keber, T., Oram, D., Mills, G., Ordóñez, C., Saiz-Lopez, A., Warwick, N., Liang, Q., Feng, W., Moore, F., Miller, B. R., Marécal, V., Richards, N. A. D., Dorf, M., and Pfeilsticker, K.: Evaluating global emission inventories of biogenic bromocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11819-11838, doi:10.5194/acp-13-11819- 2013, 2013.
14. Jaeglé, L., Jacob, D. J., Brune, W. H., and Wennberg, P. O.: Chemistry of HOx radicals in the upper troposphere, Atmos. Environ., 35, 469-489, 2001.
15. Joiner, J., Schoeberl, M. R., Vasilkov, A. P., Oreopoulos, L., Platnick, S., Livesey, N. J., and Levelt, P. F.: Accurate satellitederived estimates of the tropospheric ozone impact on the global radiation budget, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4447-4465, doi:10.5194/acp-9-4447-2009, 2009.
16. Kawa, S. R., Stolarski, R. S., Newman, P. A., Douglass, A. R., Rex, M., Hofmann, D. J., Santee, M. L., and Frieler, K.: Sensitivity of polar stratospheric ozone loss to uncertainties in chemical reaction kinetics, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8651-8660, doi:10.5194/acp-9-8651-2009, 2009.
17. Kley, D., Crutzen, P. J., Smit, H. G. J., Vömel, H., Oltmans, S. J., Grassl, H., and Ramanathan, V.: Observations of near-zero ozone concentrations over the convective Pacific: Effects on air chemistry, Science, 274, 230-233, 1996.
18. Krüger, K. and Quack, B.: Introduction to special issue: the Trans-Brom Sonne expedition in the tropical West Pacific, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9439-9446, doi:10.5194/acp-13-9439-2013, 2013.
19. Krüger, K., Tegtmeier, S., and Rex, M.: Long-term climatology of air mass transport through the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) during NH winter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 813-823, doi:10.5194/acp-8-813-2008, 2008.
20. Lawrence, M. G., Crutzen, P. J., and Rasch, P. J.: Analysis of the CEPEX ozone data using a 3D chemistry-meteorology model, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 125, 2987-3009, 1999.
21. Lelieveld, J., Dentener, F. J., Peters, W., and Krol, M. C.: On the role of hydroxyl radicals in the self-cleansing capacity of the troposphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2337-2344, doi:10.5194/acp-4-2337-2004, 2004.
22. Levy II, H.: Normal Atmosphere: Large Radical and Formaldehyde Concentrations Predicted, Science, 173, 141-143, 1971.
23. Liang, Q., Stolarski, R. S., Kawa, S. R., Nielsen, J. E., Douglass, A. R., Rodriguez, J. M., Blake, D. R., Atlas, E. L., and Ott, L. E.: Finding the missing stratospheric Bry: a global modeling study of CHBr3 and CH2Br2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2269-2286, doi:10.5194/acp-10-2269-2010, 2010.
24. Liu, S. C., McFarland, M., Kley, D., Zafiriou, O., and Huebert, B.: Tropospheric NOx and O3 Budgets in the Equatorial Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 1360-1368, 1983.
25. Madronich, S. and Flocke, S.: The role of solar radiation in atmospheric chemistry, in: Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, edited by: Boule, P., 1-26, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1999.
26. Manning, M. R., Lowe, D. C., Moss, R. C., Bodeker, G. E., and Allan, W.: Short-term variations in the oxidizing power of the atmosphere, Nature, 436, 1001-1004, 2005.
27. Martinez-Aviles, M., Kreher, K., Johnston, P., Thomas, A., Hay, T., Schofield, R., and Kenntner, M.: Sources of Halogen Oxides Along the Coastline of New Zealand: A Field Measurement Study, Geophys. Res. Abstracts, 12, 673, 2010.
28. Montzka, S. A., Krol, M., Dlugokencky, E., Hall, B., Jöckel, P., and Lelieveld, J.: Small Interannual Variability of Global Atmospheric Hydroxyl, Science, 331, 67-69, 2011.
29. Naik, V., Voulgarakis, A., Fiore, A. M., Horowitz, L. W., Lamarque, J.-F., Lin, M., Prather, M. J., Young, P. J., Bergmann, D., Cameron-Smith, P. J., Cionni, I., Collins, W. J., Dalsøren, S. B., Doherty, R., Eyring, V., Faluvegi, G., Folberth, G. A., Josse, B., Lee, Y. H., MacKenzie, I. A., Nagashima, T., van Noije, T. P. C., Plummer, D. A., Righi, M., Rumbold, S. T., Skeie, R., Shindell, D. T., Stevenson, D. S., Strode, S., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., and Zeng, G.: Preindustrial to present-day changes in tropospheric hydroxyl radical and methane lifetime from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5277-5298, doi:10.5194/acp-13-5277-2013, 2013.
30. Newell, R. E. and Gould-Stewart, S.: A Stratospheric Fountain?, J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2789-2796, 1981.
31. Osterman, G.: Earth Observing System (EOS) Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) Level 2 (L2) Data User's Guide, JPL Publication D-38042, http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/documents/, 2013.
32. Proffitt,M. H. and McLaughlin, R. J.: Fast-response dual-beam UVabsorption ozone photometer suitable for use on stratospheric balloons, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 54, 1719-1728, 1983.
33. Quack, B. and Wallace, D. W. R.: Air-sea flux of bromoform: Controls, rates, and implications, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17, 1023, doi:10.1029/ 2002GB001890, 2003.
34. Ridder, T., Gerbig, C., Notholt, J., Rex, M., Schrems, O., Warneke, T., and Zhang, L.: Ship-borne FTIR measurements of CO and O3 in the Western Pacific from 43-N to 35-S: an evaluation of the sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 815-828, doi:10.5194/acp-12-815-2012, 2012.
35. Rohrer, F. and Berresheim, H.: Strong correlation between levels of tropospheric hydroxyl radicals and solar ultraviolet radiation, Nature, 442, 184-187, 2006.
36. Sander, S. P., Abbatt, J., Barker, J. R., Burkholder, J. B., Friedl, R. R., Golden, D. M., Huie, R. E., Kolb, C. E., Kurylo, M. J., Moortgat, G. K., Orkin, V. L., andWine, P. H.: Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in atmospheric studies, Evaluation Number 17, JPL Publication 10-06, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 2011.
37. Scott, S. G., Bui, T. P., Chan, K. R., and Bowen, S. W.: The meteorological measurement system on the NASA ER-2 aircraft, J. Atmos Ocean. Technol., 7, 525-540, 1990.
38. Solomon, S., Thompson, D. W. J., Portmann, R. W., Oltmans, S. J., and Thompson, A. M.: On the distribution and variability of ozone in the tropical upper troposphere: Implications for tropical deep convection and chemical-dynamical coupling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L23813, doi:10.1029/2005GL024323, 2005.
39. Solomon, S., Daniel, J. S., Neely III, R. R., Vernier, J.-P., Dutton, E. G., and Thomason, L. W.: The Persistently Variable "Background" Stratospheric Aerosol Layer and Global Climate Change, Science, 333, 866-870, 2011.
40. Stevenson, D. S., Dentener, F. J., Schultz, M. G., Ellingsen, K., van Noije, T. P. C., Wild, O., Zeng, G., Amann, M., Atherton, C. S., Bell, N., Bergmann, D. J., Bey, I., Butler, T., Cofala, J., Collins, W. J., Derwent, R. G., Doherty, R. M., Drevet, J., Eskes, H. J., Fiore, A. M., Gauss, M., Hauglustaine, D. A., Horowitz, L. W., Isaksen, I. S. A., Krol, M. C., Lamarque, J.-F., Lawrence, M. G., Montanaro, V., Müller, J.-F., Pitari, G., Prather, M. J., Pyle, J. A., Rast, S., Rodriguez, J. M., Sanderson, M. G., Savage, N. H., Shindell, D. T., Strahan, S. E., Sudo, K., and Szopa, S.: Multimodel ensemble simulations of present-day and near-future tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D08301, doi:10.1029/2005JD006338, 2006.
41. Takashima, H., Shiotani, M., Fujiwara, M., Nishi, N., and Hasebe, F.: Ozonesonde observations at Christmas Island (2-N, 157-W) in the equatorial central Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D10112, doi:10.1029/2007JD009374, 2008.
42. Tan, D., Faloona, I., Simpas, J. B., Brune, W., Olson, J., Crawford, J., Avery, M., Sachse, G., Vay, S., Sandholm, S., Guan, H.-W., Vaughn, T., Mastromarino, J., Heikes, B., Snow, J., Podolske, J., and Singh, H.: OH and HO2 in the tropical Pacific: Results from PEM-Tropics B, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 32667-32681, 2001.
43. Thomason, L. and Peter, T.: Assessment of Stratospheric Aerosol Properties, SPARC Report No. 4, WMO/TD-No. 1295, http://www.sparc-climate.org, 2006.
44. Vernier, J. P., Thomason, L. W., Pommereau, J.-P., Bourassa, A., Pelon, J., Garnier, A., Hauchecorne, A., Blanot, L., Trepte, C., Degenstein, D., and Vargas, F.: Major influence of tropical volcanic eruptions on the stratospheric aerosol layer during the last decade, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L12807, doi:10.1029/2011GL047563, 2011.
45. Vömel, H. and Diaz, K.: Ozone sonde cell current measurements and implications for observations of near-zero ozone concentrations in the tropical upper troposphere, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 495, doi:10.5194/amt-3-495-2010, 2010.
46. Warwick, N. J., Pyle, J. A., Carver, G. D., Yang, X., Savage, N. H., O'Connor, F. M., and Cox, R. A.: Global modeling of biogenic bromocarbons, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D24305, doi:10.1029/2006JD007264, 2006.
47. Weisenstein, D. K., Yue, G. K., Ko, M. K. W., Sze, N.-D., Rodriguez, J. M., and Scott, C. J.: A two-dimensional model of sulfur species and aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 13019-13035, 1997.
48. Wennberg, P. O., Cohen, R. C., Hazen, N. L., Lapson, L. B., Allen, N. T., Hanisco, T. F., Oliver, J. F., Lanham, N.W., Demusz, J. N., and Anderson, J. G.: Aircraft-borne, laser-induced fluorescence instrument for the in situ detection of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 65, 1858-1876, 1994.
49. WMO: World Meteorological Organization (WMO)/United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2010, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project-Report No. 52, 2011.
50. Wohltmann, I. and Rex, M.: The Lagrangian chemistry and transport model ATLAS: validation of advective transport and mixing, Geosci. Model Dev., 2, 153-173, doi:10.5194/gmd-2-153-2009, 2009.
51. Wohltmann, I., Lehmann, R., and Rex, M.: The Lagrangian chemistry and transport model ATLAS: simulation and validation of stratospheric chemistry and ozone loss in the winter 1999/2000, Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 585-601, doi:10.5194/gmd-3-585-2010, 2010.
52. Ziemke, J. R., Chandra, S., Duncan, B. N., Froidevaux, L., Bhartia, P. K., Levelt, P. F., and Waters, J. W.: Tropospheric ozone determined from Aura OMI and MLS: Evaluation of measurements and comparison with the Global Modeling Initiative's Chemical Transport Model, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D19303, doi:10.1029/2006JD007089, 2006.