Debris-flow dominance of alluvial fans masked by runoff reworking and weathering

Geomorphology

Volumn 217, Issue , 2014, Pages 165-181

  de Haas, Tjalling ^a   Ventra, Dario ^a   Carbonneau, Patrice E ^b   Kleinhans, Maarten G ^a  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Alluvial fan; Atacama; Mars analog; Secondary processes; Stratigraphy; UAV imagery

Indexed keywords

EID: 84901044441     PISSN: 0169555X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.028     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Agisoft Image-Based 3D Modelling Available at:. http://www.agisoft.ru.
2. Al-Farraj A., Harvey A.M. Desert pavement characteristics on wadi terrace and alluvial fan surfaces: Wadi Al-Bih, U.A.E. and Oman. Geomorphology 2000, 35(34):279-297.
3. Amit R., Gerson R. The evolution of holocene reg (gravelly) soils in deserts: an example from the dead sea region. Catena 1986, 13(12):59-79.
4. Amit R., Gerson R., Yaalon D. Stages and rate of the gravel shattering process by salts in desert reg soils. Geoderma 1993, 57(3):295-324.
5. Anderson S.P., Anderson R.S. Debris-flow benches: dune-contact deposits record paleo-sand dune positions in north Panamint Valley, Inyo County, California. Geology 1990, 18(6):524-527.
6. Araveni K., Suzuki O., Pollastri A. Coastal fog and its relation to groundwater in the IV region of northern Chile. Chem. Geol. 1989, 79:83-91.
7. Armijo R., Thiele R. Active faulting in northern Chile: ramp stacking and lateral decoupling along a subduction plate boundary. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1990, 98(1):40-61.
8. Berger L.A. Salts and Surface Weathering Features on Alluvial Fans in Northern Chile 1993, (Ph.D. thesis), University College London.
9. Berger I.A., Cooke R.U. The origin and distribution of salts on alluvial fans in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 1997, 22(6):581-600.
10. Blair T.C. Sedimentology of the debris-flow-dominated Warm Spring Canyon alluvial fan, Death Valley, California. Sedimentology 1999, 46(5):941-965.
11. Blair T.C. Alluvial-fan sedimentation from a glacial-outburst flood, Lone Pine, California, and contrasts with meteorological flood deposits. IAS Special Publication 2002, 113-140.
12. Blair T.C., McPherson J.G. The Trollheim alluvial fan and facies model revisited. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 1992, 104(6):762-769.
13. Blair T.C., McPherson J.G. Alluvial fans and their natural distinction from rivers based on morphology, hydraulic processes, sedimentary processes, and facies assemblages. J. Sediment. Res. 1994, 64A:450-489.
14. Blair T.C., McPherson J.G. Recent debris-flow processes and resultant form and facies of the Dolomite alluvial fan, Owens Valley, California. J. Sediment. Res. 1998, 68(5):800-818.
15. Blair T.C., McPherson J.G. Processes and forms of alluvial fans. Geomorphology of Desert Environments 2009, 413-467. Springer, Netherlands. A. Parsons, A. Abrahams (Eds.).
16. Blair T.C., Clark J.S., Wells S.G. Quaternary continental stratigraphy, landscape evolution, and application to archeology: Jarilla piedmont and Tularosa graben floor, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 1990, 102(6):749-759.
17. Blott S.J., Pye K. GRADISTAT: a grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2001, 26(11):1237-1248.
18. Bluck B. Bed forms and clast size changes in gravel-bed rivers. River Channels: Environment and Process 1987, 159-178. Blackwell, Oxford.
19. Bowman D. Stepped-bed morphology in arid gravelly channels. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 1977, 88(2):291-298.
20. Brayshaw A.C. Characteristics and origin of cluster bedforms in coarse-grained alluvial channels. Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates 1984, 10:77-85.
21. Brayshaw A.C., Frostick L.E., Reid I. The hydrodynamics of particle clusters and sediment entrapment in coarse alluvial channels. Sedimentology 1983, 30(1):137-143.
22. Carbonneau P.E. The threshold effect of image resolution on image-based automated grain size mapping in fluvial environments. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2005, 30(13):1687-1693.
23. Carbonneau P.E., Lane S.N., Bergeron N.E. Catchment-scale mapping of surface grain size in gravel bed rivers using airborne digital imagery. Water Resour. Res. 2004, 40(7):W07202. (Jul).
24. Carbonneau P., Fonstad M.A., Marcus W.A., Dugdale S.J. Making riverscapes real. Geomorphology 2012, 137(1):74-86. Geospatial Technologies and Geomorphological Mapping Proceedings of the 41st Annual Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium.
25. Carbonneau P.E., Piégay H., Lejot J., Dunford R., Michel K. Hyperspatial imagery in riverine environments. Fluvial Remote Sens. Sci. Manag. 2012, 163-191.
26. Carling P.A., Reader N.A. Structure, composition and bulk properties of upland stream gravels. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 1982, 7(4):349-365.
27. Carr M.H., Head J.W. Geologic history of Mars. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2010, 294(34):185-203.
28. Church M., Jones D. Channel bars in gravel-bed rivers. Gravel-bed rivers 1982, 291-338.
29. 10Be and optically stimulated luminescence determinations. Tectonics 2012, 31(2). (n/a-n/a).
30. de Haas T., Hauber E., Kleinhans M.G. Local late Amazonian boulder breakdown and denudation rate on Mars. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2013, 40(14):3527-3531.
31. de Villiers G. Delta and Fan Morphologies on Mars as Climate Indicators 2013, (Ph.D. thesis), Utrecht University, Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography.
32. Dickson J.L., Head J.W. The formation and evolution of youthful gullies on Mars: gullies as the late-stage phase of Mars most recent ice age. Icarus 2009, 204(1):63-86.
33. Dunai T.J., López G.A.G., Juez-Larr J. Oligocene-Miocene age of aridity in the Atacama Desert revealed by exposure dating of erosion-sensitive landforms. Geology 2005, 33(4):321-324.
34. Eriksen G.E. Geology and origin of Chilean nitrate deposits. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 1981, 1188:1-37.
35. Ferraris, B.F., Di Biase, F.F., 1978. Explanatory Notes Sheet N.30 (1:250,000), Hoja Antofagasta, Carta Geolologica de Chile. Tech. rep., El Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geologicas de Chile, Santiago.
36. Ferrier G., Pope R.J. Quantitative mapping of alluvial fan evolution using ground-based reflectance spectroscopy. Geomorphology 2012, 175:14-24.
37. Fisher R.V. Features of coarse-grained, high-concentration fluids and their deposits. J. Sediment. Res. 1971, 41(4):916-927.
38. Fonstad M.A., Dietrich J.T., Courville B.C., Jensen J.L., Carbonneau P.E. Topographic structure from motion: a new development in photogrammetric measurement. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2013, 38(4):421-430.
39. Frankel K.L., Dolan J.F. Characterizing arid region alluvial fan surface roughness with airborne laser swath mapping digital topographic data. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112(F2):F02025.
40. 36Cl geochronology of offset alluvial fans along the northern Death Valley fault zone: implications for transient strain in the eastern California shear zone. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 2007, 112(B6). (n/a-n/a).
41. Gerson R., Amit R. Rates and modes of dust accretion and deposition in an arid region the Negev, Israel. Geol. Soc. Lond., Spec. Publ. 1987, 35:157-169.
42. Gómez-Villar A., García-Ruiz J. Surface sediment characteristics and present dynamics in alluvial fans of the central Spanish Pyrenees. Geomorphology 2000, 34(34):127-144.
43. 21Ne concentrations. Tectonics 2006, 25(3). (n/a-n/a).
44. Goudie A.S., Wright E., Viles H.A. The roles of salt (sodium nitrate) and fog in weathering: a laboratory simulation of conditions in the northern Atacama Desert, Chile. Catena 2002, 48(4):255-266.
45. Haralick R.M., Shapiro L.G. Image segmentation techniques. Comput. Vision Graph. Image Process. 1985, 29(1):100-132.
46. Hartley A.J., Mather A.E., Jolley E., Turner P. Climatic controls on alluvial-fan activity, Coastal Cordillera, northern Chile. Geological Society London Special Publication 2005, 95-115.
47. Harvey A.M. Local buffers to the sediment cascade: debris cones and alluvial fans. Sediment Cascades: An Integrated Approach 2010, 153-180. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
48. Hooke R. Mass movement in semi-arid environments and the morphology of alluvial fans. Slope Stability 1987, 505-529. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
49. Houston J. The great Atacama flood of 2001 and its implications for Andean hydrology. Hydrol. Process. 2006, 20(3):591-610.
50. Houston J., Hartley A.J. The central Andean west-slope rainshadow and its potential contribution to the origin of hyper-aridity in the Atacama Desert. Int. J. Climatol. 2003, 23(12):1453-1464.
51. Hubert J.F., Filipov A.J. Debris-flow deposits in alluvial fans on the west flank of the White Mountains, Owens Valley, California, USA. Sediment. Geol. 1989, 61(3):177-205.
52. Johnson C., Kokelaar B., Iverson R., Logan M., LaHusen R., Gray J. Grain-size segregation and levee formation in geophysical mass flows. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 2012, 117(F1). (2003-2012).
53. Kaitna R., Huebl J. Silent witnesses for torrential processes. Dating Torrential Processes on Fans and Cones 2013, 111-130. Springer.
54. Kleinhans M.G. A tale of two planets: geomorphology applied to Mars' surface, fluvio-deltaic processes and landforms. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2010, 35(1):102-117.
55. Kleinhans M.G., van Rijn L.C. Stochastic prediction of sediment transport in sand-gravel bed rivers. J. Hydraul. Eng. 2002, 128(4):412-425.
56. 234 dating of pedogenic carbonates in gravelly desert soils of Vidal Valley, southeastern California. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 1979, 90:1063-1073.
57. Major J.J. Pebble orientation on large, experimental debris-flow deposits. Sediment. Geol. 1998, 117(34):151-164.
58. Mangold N., Kite E., Kleinhans M., Newsom H., Ansan V., Hauber E., Kraal E., Quantin C., Tanaka K. The origin and timing of fluvial activity at Eberswalde crater, Mars. Icarus 2012, 220(2):530-551.
59. Marchant M., Cecioni A., Figueroa S., Gonzalez H., Giglio S., Hebbeln D., Kaiser J., Lamy F., Mohtadi M., Pineda V., Romero O. Marine geology, oceanography and climate. The Geology of Chile 2007, 289-308. The Geological Society, London.
60. Matmon A., Nichols K., Finkel R. Isotopic insights into smoothening of abandoned fan surfaces, Southern California. Quat. Res. 2006, 66(1):109-118.
61. McFadden L.D., Ritter J.B., Wells S.G. Use of multiparameter relative-age methods for age estimation and correlation of alluvial fan surfaces on a desert piedmont, eastern Mojave Desert, California. Quat. Res. 1989, 32(3):276-290.
62. Moore J.M., Howard A.D. Large alluvial fans on mars. J. Geophys. Res. Planets 2005, 110(E4). (n/a-n/a).
63. Morgan A., Howard A., Hobley D.E., Moore J.M., Dietrich W.E., Williams R.M., Burr D.M., Grant J., Wilson S., Matsubara Y. Sedimentology and climatic environment of alluvial fans in the Martian Saheki crater and a comparison with terrestrial fans in the Atacama Desert. Icarus 2014, 229:131-156.
64. Nemec W., Muszynski A. Volcaniclastic alluvial aprons in the Tertiary of Sofia district (Bulgaria). Rocz. Pol. Towarz. Geol. 1982, 52:239-303.
65. Nishiizumi K., Caffee M., Finkel R., Brimhall G., Mote T. Remnants of a fossil alluvial fan landscape of Miocene age in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile using cosmogenic nuclide exposure age dating. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2005, 237(34):499-507.
66. Parker G., Sutherland A. Fluvial armor. J. Hydraul. Res. 1990, 28(5):529-544.
67. Pierson T. Flow behavior of channelized debris flows, Mount St. Helens, Washington. Hillslope Processes 1986, 269-296.
68. Rees A. The production of preferred orientation in a concentrated dispersion of elongated and flattened grains. J. Geol. 1968, 457-465.
69. Reheis M.C., Sowers J.M., Taylor E.M., McFadden L.D., Harden J.W. Morphology and genesis of carbonate soils on the Kyle Canyon fan, Nevada, U.S.A. Geoderma 1992, 52(34):303-342.
70. Reiss D., van Gasselt S., Neukum G., Jaumann R. Absolute dune ages and implications for the time of formation of gullies in Nirgal Vallis, Mars. J. Geophys. Res. Planets 2004, 109(E6). (n/a-n/a).
71. Reiss D., Hauber E., Hiesinger H., Jaumann R., Trauthan F., Preusker F., Zanetti M., Ulrich M., Johnsson A., Johansson L., et al. Terrestrial gullies and debris-flow tracks on Svalbard as planetary analogs for Mars. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 2011, 483:165-175.
72. Ritter J., Miller J., Enzel Y., Howes S., Nadon G., Grubb M., Hoover K., Olsen T., Reneau S., Sack D., Summa C., Taylor I., Touysinhthiphonexay K., Yodis E., Schneider N., Ritter D., Wells S. Quaternary evolution of Cedar Creek alluvial fan, Montana. Geomorphology 1993, 8(4):287-304.
73. Schemenauer R.S., Cereceda P. The quality of fog water collected for domestic and agricultural use in Chile. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1992, 31:275-290.
74. Schon S.C., Head J.W., Fassett C.I. Unique chronostratigraphic marker in depositional fan stratigraphy on Mars: evidence for ca. 1.25Ma gully activity and surficial meltwater origin. Geology 2009, 37:207-210.
75. Todd S.P. Stream-driven, high-density gravelly traction carpets: possible deposits in the Trabeg Conglomerate Formation, SW Ireland and some theoretical considerations of their origin. Sedimentology 1989, 36(4):513-530.
76. Todd S.P. Process deduction from fluvial sedimentary structures. Advances in Fluvial Dynamics and Stratigraphy 1996, 299-350. Wiley, Chichester.
77. Vargas G., Ortlieb L., Rutllant J. Alluviones históricos en Antofagasta y su relación con eventos El Niño/Oscilación del Sur. Rev. Geol. Chile 2000, 27:157-176.
78. Vargas G., Rutllant J., Ortlieb L. ENSO tropical-extratropical climate teleconnections and mechanisms for Holocene debris flows along the hyperarid coast of western South America (17°-24°S). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2006, 249(34):467-483.
79. Volker H., Wasklewicz T., Ellis M. A topographic fingerprint to distinguish alluvial fan formative processes. Geomorphology 2007, 88(12):34-45.
80. Vollmer S., Kleinhans M.G. Predicting incipient motion, including the effect of turbulent pressure fluctuations in the bed. Water Resour. Res. 2007, 43(5). (n/a-n/a).
81. Vuille M. Atmospheric circulation over the Bolivian Altiplano during dry and wet periods and extreme phases of the Southern Oscillation. Int. J. Climatol. 1999, 19(14):1579-1600.
82. Warke P. Weathering in arid regions. Treatise on Geomorphology 2013, vol.4:197-227. Elsevier.
83. Wells S.G., Dohrenwend J.C. Relict sheetflood bed forms on late Quaternary alluvial-fan surfaces in the southwestern United States. Geology 1985, 13(7):512-516.
84. Wells S.G., Harvey A.M. Sedimentologic and geomorphic variations in storm-generated alluvial fans, Howgill Fells, northwest England. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 1987, 98(2):182-198.
85. Wells S.G., McFadden L.D., Dohrenwend J.C. Influence of late Quaternary climatic changes on geomorphic and pedogenic processes on a desert piedmont, Eastern Mojave Desert, California. Quat. Res. 1987, 27(2):130-146.
86. Whipple K.X., Dunne T. The influence of debris-flow rheology on fan morphology, Owens Valley, California. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 1992, 104(7):887-900.
87. Whiting P.J., Dietrich W.E., Leopold L.B., Drake T.G., Shreve R.L. Bedload sheets in heterogeneous sediment. Geology 1988, 16(2):105-108.
88. Zielinski T. Catastrophic flood effects in alpine/foothill fluvial system (a case study from the Sudetes Mts, SW Poland). Geomorphology 2003, 54(3):293-306.