Terrestrial gullies and debris-fl ow tracks on Svalbard as planetary analogs for Mars

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 483, Issue , 2011, Pages 165-175

  Reiss, D ^a   Hauber, E ^b   Hiesinger, H ^a   Jaumann, R ^b   Trauthan, F ^b   Preusker, F ^b   Zanetti, M ^a   Ulrich, M ^c   Johnsson, A ^d   Johansson, L ^d   Olvmo, M ^d   Carlsson, E ^e   Johansson, H A B ^f   McDaniel, S ^g  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

^b GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

^c ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

^e SWEDISH INSTITUTE OF SPACE PHYSICS   (Sweden)

^f ALBANOVA UNIVERSITY CENTER   (Sweden)

^g Reactive Surfaces Ltd   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEBRIS; DEPOSITION; INTERPLANETARY SPACECRAFT; LANDFORMS; MORPHOLOGY; SATELLITE IMAGERY;

HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGERY; HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY; HIGH RESOLUTION STEREO CAMERA; HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGING; LARGE AMOUNTS; MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC; SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS; SEDIMENT SUPPLY;

STEREO IMAGE PROCESSING;

DEBRIS FLOW; FLUVIAL PROCESS; GULLY; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGE RESOLUTION; MARS; PIXEL; SATELLITE DATA; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SEDIMENTATION;

ARCTIC; SVALBARD; SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN;

EID: 84866616075     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/2011.2483(11)     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Åkerman, H.J., 1984, Notes on talus morphology and processes in Spitsbergen: Geografi ska Annaler, v. 66, p. 267-284, doi:10.2307/520850.
2. André, M.-F., 1995, Holocene climate fluctuations and geomorphic impact of extreme events in Svalbard: Geografi ska Annaler, v. 77, p. 241-250, doi:10.2307/521333.
3. Baker, V.R., 2001, Water and the Martian landscape: Nature, v. 412, p. 228-236, doi:10.1038/35084172.
4. Balme, M., Mangold, N., Baratoux, D., Costard, F., Gosselin, M., Masson, P., Pinet, P., and Neukum, G., 2006, Orientation and distribution of recent gullies in the southern hemisphere of Mars: Observations from High Resolution Stereo Camera/Mars Express (HRSC/MEX) and Mars Orbiter camera/Mars Global Surveyor (MOC/MGS) data: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 111, E05001, doi:10.1029/2005JE002607.
5. Bibus, E., 1975, Geomorphologische Untersuchungen zur Hang-und Talentwicklung im zentralen West-Spitzbergen: Polarforschung, v. 45, p. 102-119.
6. Blair, T.C., 1999, Cause of dominance by sheetflood vs. debris-flow processes on two adjoining alluvial fans, Death Valley, California: Sedimentology, v. 46, p. 1015-1028, doi:10.1046/j.1365-3091.1999.00261.x.
7. Caine, N., 1980, The rainfall-intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: Geografi ska Annaler, v. 62, p. 23-27.
8. Christensen, P.R., 2003, Formation of recent Martian gullies through melting of extensive water-rich snow deposits: Nature, v. 422, p. 45-48, doi:10.1038/nature01436.
9. Conway, S.J., Balme, M.R., Murray, J.B., Towner, M.C., Okubo, C.H., and Grindrod, P.M., 2011, The indication of Martian gully formation processes by slope-Area analysis, in Balme, M.R., Bargery, A.S., Gallagher, C.J., and Gupta, S., eds., Martian Geomorphology. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 356, p. 171-201, doi:10.1144/SP356.10.
10. Costa, J.E., 1984, Physical Geomorphology of Debris Flows, in Costa, J.E., and Fleisher, P.J., eds., Developments and Applications of Geomorphology: Berlin, Springer Verlag, p. 269-315.
11. Costard, F., Forget, F., Mangold, N., and Peulvast, J.P., 2002, Formation of recent Martian debris flows by melting of near surface ground ice at high obliquity: Science, v. 295, p. 110-113, doi:10.1126/science.1066698.
12. Dickson, J.L., and Head, J.W., 2009, The formation and evolution of youthful gullies on Mars: Gullies as the late-stage phase of Mars' most recent ice age: Icarus, v. 204, p. 63-86, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.06.018.
13. Dickson, J.L., Head, J.W., and Kreslavsky, M., 2007, Martian gullies in the southern mid-latitudes of Mars: Evidence for climate-controlled formation of young fluvial features based upon local and global topography: Icarus, v. 188, p. 315-323, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.11.020.
14. Førland, E.J., and Hanssen-Bauer, I., 2003, Past and future climate variations in the Norwegian Arctic: Overview and novel analyses: Polar Research, v. 22, p. 113-124, doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003.tb00102.x.
15. Gulick, V.C., and the HiRISE team, 2008, Morphologic diversity of gully systems on Mars: New insights into their formation from HiRISE, in Workshop on Martian Gullies: Theories and Tests, held February 4-5, 2008 in Houston, Texas, LPI Contribution No. 1301, abstract 8041.
16. Hanssen-Bauer, I., and Førland, E.J., 1998, Long-term trends in precipitation and temperature in the Norwegian Arctic: Can they be explained by changes in atmospheric circulation patterns?: Climate Research, v. 10, p. 143-153, doi:10.3354/cr010143.
17. Hauber, E., Reiss, D., Ulrich, M., Preusker, F., Trauthan, F., Zanetti, M., Hiesinger, H., Jaumann, R., Johansson, L., Johnsson, A., Olvmo, M., Carlsson, E., Johansson, H.A.B., and McDaniel, S., 2011, this volume, Periglacial landscapes on Svalbard: Terrestrial analogs for cold-climate landforms on Mars, in Garry, W.B., and Bleacher, J.E., eds., Analogs for Planetary Exploration: Geological Society of America Special Paper 483, doi:10.1130/2011.2483(12).
18. Head, J.W., Mustard, J.F., Kreslavsky, M.A., Milliken, R.E., and Marchant, D.R., 2003, Recent ice ages on Mars: Nature, v. 426, p. 797-802, doi:10.1038/nature02114.
19. Head, J.W., Marchant, D.R., and Kreslavsky, M.A., 2008, Formation of gullies on Mars: Link to recent climate history and insolation microenvironments implicate surface water flow origin: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, p. 13,258-13,263, doi:10.1073/pnas.0803760105.
20. Hooke, R.L.B., 1987, Mass movements in semi-Arid environments and the morphology of alluvial fans, in Anderson, M.G., and Richards, K.S., eds., Slope Stability: New York, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., p. 505-529.
21. Humlum, O., Instanes, A., and Sollid, J.L., 2003, Permafrost in Svalbard: A review of research history, climatic background and engineering challenges: Polar Research, v. 22, p. 191-215, doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003. tb00107.x.
22. Jahn, A., 1960, Some remarks on the evolution of slopes on Spitsbergen: Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplementband, v. 1, p. 49-58.
23. Jahn, A., 1967, Some features of mass movement on Spitsbergen slopes: Geografi ska Annaler, v. 49, p. 213-225, doi:10.2307/520889.
24. Jahn, A., 1976, Contemporaneous geomorphological processes in Longyeardalen, Vest-Spitsbergen (Svalbard): Biuletyn Periglacjalny, v. 26, p. 253-268.
25. Jahn, A., 1985, Experimental observations of periglacial processes in the Arctic, in Church, M., and Slaymaker, O., eds., Field and Theory: Lectures in Geocryology: University of British Columbia Press, p. 18-35.
26. Jaumann, R., Neukum, G., Behnke, T., Duxbury, T. C., Eichentopf, K., Flohrer, J., Gasselt, S. V., Giese, B., Gwinner, K., Hauber, E., Hoffmann, H., Hoffmeister, A., Köhler, U., Matz, K.-D., McCord, T. B., Mertens, V., Oberst, J., Pischel, R., Reiss, D., Ress, E., Roatsch, T., Saiger, P., Scholten, F., Schwarz, G., Stephan, K., and Wählisch, M., 2007, The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) experiment on Mars Express: Instrument aspects and experiment conduct from interplanetary cruise through the nominal mission: Planetary and Space Science, v. 55, p. 928-952, doi:10.1016/j .pss.2006.12.003.
27. Kneissl, T., Reiss, D., van Gasselt, S., and Neukum, G., 2010, Distribution and orientation of northern-hemisphere gullies on Mars from the evaluation of HRSC and MOC-NA data: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 294, p. 357-367, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.018.
28. Lanza, N.L., Meyer, G.A., Okubo, C.H., Newsom, H.E., and Wiens, R.C., 2010, Evidence for debris flow gully formation initiated by shallow subsurface water on Mars: Icarus, v. 205, p. 103-112, doi:10.1016/j.icarus .2009.04.014.
29. Larsson, S., 1982, Geomorphological effects on the slopes of Longyear valley, Spitsbergen, after a heavy rainstorm in July 1972: Geografi ska Annaler, v. 64, p. 105-125, doi:10.2307/520639.
30. Levy, J.S., Head, J.W., Marchant, D.R., Dickson, J.L., and Morgan, G.A., 2010, Identifi cation of gully debris flow deposits in Protonilus Mensae, Mars: Characterization of a water-bearing, energetic gully-forming process: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 294, p. 368-377, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.08.002.
31. Malin, M.C., and Edgett, K.S., 2000, Evidence for recent groundwater seepage and surface runoff on Mars: Science, v. 288, p. 2330-2335, doi:10.1126/science.288.5475.2330.
32. Mangold, N., Costard, F., and Forget, F., 2003, Debris flows over sand dunes on Mars: Evidence for liquid water: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 108, 5027, doi:10.1029/2002JE001958.
33. Mangold, N., Mangeney, A., Migeon, V., Ansan, V., Lucas, A., Baratoux, D., and Bouchut, F., 2010, Sinuous gullies on Mars: Frequency, distribution, and implications for flow properties: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 115, E11001, 18 p, doi:10.1029/2009JE003540.
34. McEwen, A.S., Hansen, C.J., Delamere, W.A., Eliason, E.M., Herkenhoff, K.E., Keszthelyi, L., Gulick, V.C., Kirk, R.L., Mellon, M.T., Grant, J.A., Thomas, N., Weitz, C.M., Squyres, S.W., Bridges, N.T., Murchie, S.L., Seelos, F., Seelos, K., Okubo, C.H., Milazzo, M.P., Tornabene, L.L., Jaeger, W.L., Byrne, S., Russell, P.S., Griffes, J.L., Martínez-Alonso, S., Davatzes, A., Chuang, F.C., Thomson, B.J., Fishbaugh, K.E., Dundas, C.M., Kolb, K.J., Banks, M.E., and Wray, J.J., 2007a, A closer look at water-related geologic activity on Mars: Science, v. 317, p. 1706-1709, doi:10.1126/science.1143987.
35. McEwen, A.S., Eliason, E.M., Bergstrom, J.W., Bridges, N.T., Hansen, C.J., Delamere, W.A., Grant, J.A., Gulick, V.C., Herkenhoff, K.E., Keszthelyi, L., Kirk, R.L., Mellon, M.T., Squyres, S.W., Thomas, N., and Weitz, C.M., 2007b, Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE): Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 112, E05S02, doi:10.1029/2005JE002605.
36. Milliken, R.E., Mustard, J.F., and Goldsby, D.L., 2003, Viscous flow features on the surface of Mars: Observations from high-resolution Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 108, 5057, doi:10.1029/2002JE002005.
37. Mischna, M.A., Richardson, M.I., Wilson, R.J., and McCleese, D.J., 2003, On the orbital forcing of Martian water and CO2 cycles: A general circulation model study with simplifi ed volatile schemes: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 108, 5062, doi:10.1029/2003JE002051.
38. Miyamoto, H., Dohm, J.M., Baker, V.R., Beyer, R.A., and Bourke, M., 2004, Dynamics of unusual debris flows on Martian sand dunes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, L13701, doi:10.1029/2004GL020313.
39. Musselwhite, D.S., Swindle, T.D., and Lunine, J.I., 2001, Liquid CO2 breakout and the formation of recent small gullies on Mars: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, p. 1283-1286, doi:10.1029/2000GL012496.
40. Neukum, G., and the HRSC Team, 2001, The airborne HRSC-AX cameras: Evaluation of the technical concept and presentation of application results after one year of operations, in Fritsch, D., and Spiller, R., eds., Photogrammetric Week 01: Berlin, Wichmann Verlag, Heidelberg, p. 117-131.
41. Parker, J.R., 1967, The Jurassic and Cretaceous sequence in Spitsbergen: Geological Magazine, v. 104, p. 487-505, doi:10.1017/S0016756800049220.
42. Pierson, T.C., and Costa, J.E., 1987, A rheological classifi cation of subaerial sediment and water flows, in Costa, J.E., and Wieczorek, G.F., eds., Debris Flows/Avalanches: Process, Recognition, and Mitigation, Volume 7: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, p. 523-554.
43. Rapp, A., 1957, Studien über Schutthalden in Lappland und auf Spitzbergen: Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, v. 1, p. 179-200.
44. Rapp, A., 1985, Extreme rainfall and rapid snowmelt as causes of mass movements in high latitude mountains, in Church, M., and Slaymaker, O., eds., Field and Theory: Lectures in Geocryology: University of British Columbia Press, p. 36-56.
45. Rapp, A., 1986, Slope processes in high latitude mountains: Progress in Physical Geography, v. 10, p. 53-68, doi:10.1177/030913338601000103.
46. Reiss, D., and Jaumann, R., 2003, Recent debris flows on Mars: Seasonal observations of the Russell Crater dune field: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, 1321, doi:10.1029/2002GL016704.
47. Reiss, D., van Gasselt, S., Neukum, G., and Jaumann, R., 2004, Absolute dune ages and implications for the time of formation of gullies in Nirgal Vallis, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 109, E06007, doi:10.1029/2004JE002251.
48. Reiss, D., Hiesinger, H., Hauber, E., and Gwinner, K., 2009, Regional differences in gully occurrence on Mars: A comparison between the Hale and Bond craters: Planetary and Space Science, v. 57, p. 958-974, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2008. 09.008.
49. Reiss, D., Erkeling, G., Bauch, K.E., and Hiesinger, H., 2010, Evidence for present day gully activity on the Russell crater dune field, Mars: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 37, L06203, doi:10.1029/2009GL042192.
50. Schon, S.C., Head, J.W., and Fassett, C.I., 2009, Unique chronostratigraphic marker in depositional fan stratigraphy on Mars: Evidence for ca. 1.25 Ma gully activity and surfi cial meltwater origin: Geology, v. 37, p. 207-210, doi:10.1130/G25398A.1.
51. Selby, M.J., 1993, Hillslope Materials and Processes (2nd ed.): Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press, 451 p.
52. Stewart, S.T., and Nimmo, F., 2002, Surface runoff features on Mars: Testing the carbon dioxide formation hypothesis: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 107, 5069, doi:10.1029/2000JE001465.
53. Thiedig, F., and Kresling, A., 1973, Meteorologische und geologische Bedingungen bei der Entstehung von Muren im Juli 1972 auf Spitzbergen: Polarforschung, v. 43, p. 40-49.
54. Thiedig, F., and Lehmann, U., 1973, Die Entstehung von Muren als säkulares Ereignis auf Spitzbergen (Svalbard) und ihre Bedeutung für die Denudation in der Frostschuttzone: Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch- Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg, v. 42, p. 71-80.
55. Tolgensbakk, J., Sørbel, L., and Høgvard, K., 2000, Adventdalen: Geomorphological and Quaternary Geological Map: Norsk Polarinstitutt, Spitsbergen Sheet C9Q, scale 1:100,000, 1 sheet.
56. Tornabene, L.L., McEwen, A.S, and HiRISE Team, 2008, Recent channel systems emanating from Hale Crater ejecta: Implications for the Noachian landscape evolution of Mars: 39th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIX), held March 10-14, 2008, in League City, Texas, LPI Contribution No. 1391, abstract #2180.
57. Treiman, A.H., 2003, Geologic settings of Martian gullies: Implications for their origins: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 108, p. 8031, doi:10.1029/2002JE001900.
58. Whipple, K.X., and Dunne, T., 1992, The influence of debris-flow rheology on fan morphology, Owens Valley, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 887-900, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0887: TIODFR>2.3.CO;2.
59. Williams, K.E., Toon, O.B., Heldmann, J.L., and Mellon, M.T., 2009, Ancient melting of mid-latitude snowpacks on Mars as a water source for gullies: Icarus, v. 200, p. 418-425, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.013.
60. Winther, J.-G., Bruland, O., Sand, K., Gerland, S., Marechal, D., Ivanov, B., Glowacki, P., and König, M., 2003, Snow research in Svalbard-An overview: Polar Research, v. 22, p. 125-144, doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003 .tb00103.x.