메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 367-384

Ethnic group differences in cardiovascular risk assessment scores: National cross-sectional study

Author keywords

cardiovascular disease; ethnicity; primary prevention; public health; risk factors

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; ETHNIC GROUP; ETHNIC MINORITY; ETHNICITY; MEDICINE; PUBLIC HEALTH; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR;

EID: 84900855393     PISSN: 13557858     EISSN: 14653419     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2013.797568     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 0026011159 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease risk profiles
    • doi:10.1016/0002-8703(91)90861-B
    • Anderson, K. M., P. M. Odell, P.W.Wilson, andW. B. Kannel. 1991. "Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profiles." American Heart Journal 121: 293-298. doi:10.1016/0002-8703(91)90861-B.
    • (1991) American Heart Journal , vol.121 , pp. 293-298
    • Anderson, K.M.1    Odell, P.M.2    Wilson, P.W.3    Kannel, W.B.4
  • 2
    • 33746061628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk scoring in the assessment of cardiovascular risk
    • DOI 10.1097/01.mol.0000236362.56216.44, PII 0004143320060800000002
    • Beswick, A., and P. Brindle. 2006. "Risk Scoring in the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk." Current Opinion Lipidology 17: 375-386. doi:10.1097/01.mol.0000236362.56216.44. (Pubitemid 44079474)
    • (2006) Current Opinion in Lipidology , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 375-386
    • Beswick, A.1    Brindle, P.2
  • 4
    • 16344365845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicted and observed cardiovascular disease in South Asians: Application of FINRISK, Framingham and SCORE models to Newcastle Heart Project data
    • DOI 10.1093/pubmed/fdh202
    • Bhopal, R., C. Fischbacher, E. Vartiainen, N. Unwin, M. White, and G. Alberti. 2005. "Predicted and Observed Cardiovascular Disease in South Asians: Application of FINRISK, Framingham and SCORE Models to Newcastle Heart Project Data." Journal of Public Health (Oxford) 27: 93-100. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdh202. (Pubitemid 40469266)
    • (2005) Journal of Public Health , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-100
    • Bhopal, R.1    Fischbacher, C.2    Vartiainen, E.3    Unwin, N.4    White, M.5    Alberti, G.6
  • 5
    • 84886746800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk prediction and ethnicity: QRISK2 strengthens creaky foundations
    • online comment
    • Bhopal, R. 2008. "Cardiovascular Risk Prediction and Ethnicity: QRISK2 Strengthens Creaky Foundations." BMJ online comment. http://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/11/02/cardiovascular-risk-prediction-and- ethnicity-qrisk2
    • (2008) BMJ
    • Bhopal, R.1
  • 6
    • 84873916567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic variations in chest pain and angina in men and women: Scottish ethnicity and health linkage study of 4.65 million people
    • doi:10.1177/1741826711425775
    • Bhopal, R. S., N. Bansal, C. Fischbacher, H. Brown, and S. Capewell. 2011a. "Ethnic Variations in Chest Pain and Angina in Men and Women: Scottish Ethnicity and Health Linkage Study of 4.65 Million People." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 19 (6): 1250-1257. doi:10.1177/1741826711425775.
    • (2011) European Journal of Preventive Cardiology , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 1250-1257
    • Bhopal, R.S.1    Bansal, N.2    Fischbacher, C.3    Brown, H.4    Capewell, S.5
  • 7
    • 84873928617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic variations in the incidence and mortality of stroke in the scottish health and ethnicity linkage study of 4.65 million people
    • doi:10.1177/1741826711423217
    • Bhopal, R., N. Bansal, C. Fischbacher, H. Brown, and S. Capewell. 2011b. "Ethnic Variations in the Incidence and Mortality of Stroke in the Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Study of 4.65 Million People." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 19 (6): 1503-1508. doi:10.1177/ 1741826711423217.
    • (2011) European Journal of Preventive Cardiology , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 1503-1508
    • Bhopal, R.1    Bansal, N.2    Fischbacher, C.3    Brown, H.4    Capewell, S.5
  • 8
    • 84861622703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality from circulatory diseases by specific country of birth across six european countries: Test of concept
    • doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckr062
    • Bhopal, R. S., S. B. Rafnsson, C. Agyemang, A. Fagot-Campagna, S. Giampaoli, N. Hammar, S. Harding, et al. 2012. "Mortality from Circulatory Diseases by Specific Country of Birth Across Six European Countries: Test of Concept." European Journal of Public Health 22: 353-359. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckr062.
    • (2012) European Journal of Public Health , vol.22 , pp. 353-359
    • Bhopal, R.S.1    Rafnsson, S.B.2    Agyemang, C.3    Fagotcampagna, A.4    Giampaoli, S.5    Hammar, N.6    Harding, S.7
  • 9
    • 33748567372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy and impact of risk assessment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review
    • DOI 10.1136/hrt.2006.087932
    • Brindle, P., A. Beswick, T. Fahey, and S. Ebrahim. 2006. "Accuracy and Impact of Risk Assessment in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review." Heart 92: 1752-1759. doi:10.1136/hrt.2006. 087932. (Pubitemid 44851316)
    • (2006) Heart , vol.92 , Issue.12 , pp. 1752-1759
    • Brindle, P.1    Beswick, A.2    Fahey, T.3    Ebrahim, S.4
  • 10
    • 0037202706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of framingham risk estimates to ethnic minorities in United Kingdom and implications for primary prevention of heart disease in general practice: Cross sectional population based study
    • doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7375.1271
    • Cappuccio, F. P. 2002. "Application of Framingham Risk Estimates to Ethnic Minorities in United Kingdom and Implications for Primary Prevention of Heart Disease in General Practice: Cross Sectional Population Based Study." BMJ 325: 1271. doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7375.1271.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.325 , pp. 1271
    • Cappuccio, F.P.1
  • 11
    • 0038486132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease
    • doi:10.1136/heart.89.6.681
    • Chaturverdi, N. 2003. "Ethnic Differences in Cardiovascular Disease." Heart 89: 681-686. doi:10.1136/heart.89.6.681.
    • (2003) Heart , vol.89 , pp. 681-686
    • Chaturverdi, N.1
  • 12
    • 68249129902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An independent external validation and evaluation of QRISK cardiovascular risk prediction: A prospective open cohort study
    • doi:10.1136/bmj.b2584
    • Collins, G. S., and D. G. Altman. 2009. "An Independent External Validation and Evaluation of QRISK Cardiovascular Risk Prediction: A Prospective Open Cohort Study." BMJ 339: b2584. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2584.
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.339
    • Collins, G.S.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 13
    • 84864387127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the 10 year risk of cardiovascular disease in the United Kingdom: Independent and external validation of an updated version of QRISK2
    • doi:10.1136/bmj.e4181
    • Collins, G. S., and D. G. Altman. 2012. "Predicting the 10 Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the United Kingdom: Independent and External Validation of an Updated Version of QRISK2." BMJ 344: e4181. doi:10.1136/bmj.e4181.
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.344
    • Collins, G.S.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 14
    • 84862215986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nationwide systematic prevention of cardiovascular disease: The UK's health check programme
    • doi:10.1097/JAC.0b013e318240be9d
    • Dalton, A. R. H., and M. Soljak. 2012. "The Nationwide Systematic Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: The UK's Health Check Programme." The Journal of Ambulatory Care Management 35: 206-215. doi:10.1097/JAC. 0b013e318240be9d.
    • (2012) The Journal of Ambulatory Care Management , vol.35 , pp. 206-215
    • Dalton, A.R.H.1    Soljak, M.2
  • 15
    • 79251491701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of the NHS health checks programme: Baseline assessment of risk factor recording in an urban culturally diverse setting
    • doi:10.1093/fampra/cmq068
    • Dalton, A. R. H., A. Bottle, C. Okoro, A. Majeed, and C. Millett. 2011. "Implementation of the NHS Health Checks Programme: Baseline Assessment of Risk Factor Recording in an Urban Culturally Diverse Setting." Family Practice 28: 34-40. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmq068.
    • (2011) Family Practice , vol.28 , pp. 34-40
    • Dalton, A.R.H.1    Bottle, A.2    Okoro, C.3    Majeed, A.4    Millett, C.5
  • 18
    • 80053344963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "million hearts" initiative*preventing heart attacks and strokes
    • doi:10.1056/NEJMp1110421
    • Frieden, T. R., and D. M. Berwick. 2011. "The "Million Hearts" Initiative*Preventing Heart Attacks and Strokes." The New England Journal of Medicine 365: e27. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1110421.
    • (2011) The New England Journal of Medicine , vol.365
    • Frieden, T.R.1    Berwick, D.M.2
  • 19
    • 34548451124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How many imputations are really needed? Some practical clarifications of multiple imputation theory
    • doi:10.1007/s11121-007-0070-9
    • Graham, J. W., A. E. Olchowski, and T. D. Gilreath. 2007. "How Many Imputations are Really Needed? Some Practical Clarifications of Multiple Imputation Theory." Prevention Science 8: 206-213. doi:10.1007/s11121-007- 0070-9.
    • (2007) Prevention Science , vol.8 , pp. 206-213
    • Graham, J.W.1    Olchowski, A.E.2    Gilreath, T.D.3
  • 21
    • 85043740444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality of migrants from the Indian subcontinent to England and Wales: Effect of duration of residence
    • DOI 10.1097/00001648-200305000-00007
    • Harding, S. 2003. "Mortality of Migrants from the Indian Subcontinent to England and Wales: Effect of Duration of Residence." Epidemiology 14: 287-292. doi:10.1097/01. EDE.0000050369.88416.82. (Pubitemid 40417079)
    • (2003) Epidemiology , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 287-292
    • Harding, S.1
  • 22
    • 41149124466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends for coronary heart disease and stroke mortality among migrants in England and Wales, 1979-2003: Slow declines notable for some groups
    • DOI 10.1136/hrt.2007.122044
    • Harding, S., M. Rosato, and A. Teyham. 2008. "Trends for Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Mortality Among Migrants in England and Wales, 1979-2003: Slow Declines Notable for Some Groups." Heart 94: 463. doi:10.1136/hrt.2007.122044. (Pubitemid 351441403)
    • (2008) Heart , vol.94 , Issue.4 , pp. 463-470
    • Harding, S.1    Rosato, M.2    Teyhan, A.3
  • 23
    • 0015241782 scopus 로고
    • The inverse care law
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(71)92410-X
    • Hart, J. T. 1971. "The Inverse Care Law." Lancet 1: 405-412. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(71)92410-X.
    • (1971) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 405-412
    • Hart, J.T.1
  • 24
    • 77953711938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unintended effects of statins in men and women in England and wales: Population based cohort study using the qresearch database
    • doi:10.1136/bmj.c2197
    • Hippisley-cox, J., and C. Coupland. 2010. "Unintended Effects of Statins in Men and Women in England and Wales: Population Based Cohort Study Using the QResearch Database." BMJ 340: c2197. doi:10.1136/bmj.c2197.
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.340
    • Hippisleycox, J.1    Coupland, C.2
  • 25
    • 47149088261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting cardiovascular risk in England and Wales: Prospective derivation and validation of QRISK2
    • DOI 10.1136/bmj.39609.449676.25
    • Hippisley-cox, J.,C. Coupland,Y.Vinogradova, J.Robson, R. Minhas,A. Sheikh, and P. Brindle. 2008. "Predicting Cardiovascular Risk in England and Wales: Prospective Derivation and Validation of QRISK2." BMJ 336: 1475-1482. doi:10.1136/bmj.39609.449676.25. (Pubitemid 351977019)
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.336 , Issue.7659 , pp. 1475-1482
    • Hippisley-Cox, J.1    Coupland, C.2    Vinogradova, Y.3    Robson, J.4    Minhas, R.5    Sheikh, A.6    Brindle, P.7
  • 27
    • 33747670838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice: The Joint British Societies' (JBS 2) guidelines
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002058, PII 1002058
    • Jessani, S., T. Watson, F. P. Cappuccio, and G. Y. Lip. 2006. "Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Clinical Practice: The Joint British Societies' (JBS 2) Guidelines." Journal of Human Hypertension 20: 641-645. doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1002058. (Pubitemid 44269854)
    • (2006) Journal of Human Hypertension , vol.20 , Issue.9 , pp. 641-645
    • Jessani, S.1    Watson, T.2    Cappuccio, F.P.3    Lip, G.Y.H.4
  • 28
    • 0032437504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint british recommendations on prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice
    • Joint British Societies (JBS2)
    • Joint British Societies (JBS2). 1998. "Joint British Recommendations on Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Clinical Practice." Heart 80 (Suppl 2): S1-29.
    • (1998) Heart , vol.80 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
  • 29
    • 63149197756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive accuracy of original and recalibrated framingham risk score in the swiss population
    • doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.01.004
    • Marques-Vidal, P., N. Rodondi, M. Bochud, A. Chiolero, A. Pecoud, D. Hayoz, F. Paccaud, et al. 2009. "Predictive Accuracy of Original and Recalibrated Framingham Risk Score in the Swiss Population." International Journal of Cardiology 133: 346-353. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.01.004.
    • (2009) International Journal of Cardiology , vol.133 , pp. 346-353
    • Marquesvidal, P.1    Rodondi, N.2    Bochud, M.3    Chiolero, A.4    Pecoud, A.5    Hayoz, D.6    Paccaud, F.7
  • 30
    • 0030391425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention. How Much harm? How much benefit? 3. Physical, Psychological and social harm
    • ISSN: 0820-3946
    • Marshall, K. G. 1996. "Prevention. How Much Harm? How Much Benefit? 3. Physical, Psychological and Social Harm." CMAJ 155: 169. ISSN: 0820-3946.
    • (1996) CMAJ , vol.155 , pp. 169
    • Marshall, K.G.1
  • 31
    • 77953921828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted case finding for cardiovascular prevention
    • doi:10.1136/bmj.c1376
    • Marshall, T. 2010. "Targeted Case Finding for Cardiovascular Prevention." BMJ 340: c1376. doi:10.1136/bmj.c1376.
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.340
    • Marshall, T.1
  • 32
    • 79953065575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women-2011 update: A guideline from the American heart association
    • doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.005
    • Mosca, L., E. J. Benjamin, K. Berra, J. L. Bezanson, R. J. Dolor, D. M. Lloyd-Jones, L. K. Newby, et al. 2011. "Effectiveness-Based Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women-2011 Update: A Guideline from the American Heart Association." Circulation 123: 1243-1262. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.005.
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.123 , pp. 1243-1262
    • Mosca, L.1    Benjamin, E.J.2    Berra, K.3    Bezanson, J.L.4    Dolor, R.J.5    Lloydjones, D.M.6    Newby, L.K.7
  • 33
    • 42649102640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An update on regional variation in cardiovascular mortality within Europe
    • DOI 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm604
    • Muller-Nordhorn, J., S. Binting, S. Roll, and S. N. Willich. 2008. "An Update on Regional Variation in Cardiovascular Mortality within Europe." European Heart Journal 29: 1316-1326. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ ehm604. (Pubitemid 351768126)
    • (2008) European Heart Journal , vol.29 , Issue.10 , pp. 1316-1326
    • Muller-Nordhorn, J.1    Binting, S.2    Roll, S.3    Willich, S.N.4
  • 34
    • 0037126526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Third Report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report
    • National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)
    • National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). 2002. "Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final Report." Circulation 106: 3143-3421. http://circ. ahajournals.org/content/106/25/3143.citation.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 3143-3421
  • 35
    • 84900850910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) London: NICE
    • National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE). 2008. National Costing Report: Lipid Modification (CG67). London: NICE. www.nice.org.uk/CG67.
    • (2008) National Costing Report: Lipid Modification (CG67)
  • 37
    • 84900873495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Office for National Statistics (Assessed 14/02/2013)
    • Office for National Statistics. 2012. Presentation of Ethnic Group Data. http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/measuring-equality/equality/ ethnic-nat-identity-religion/ethnic-group/presentation-of-ethnic-group-data. html#2 (Assessed 14/02/2013).
    • (2012) Presentation of Ethnic Group Data
  • 38
    • 79957854709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative assessment of non
    • doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0020416
    • Pandya, A., M. C. Weinstein, and T. A. Gaziano. 2011. "A Comparative Assessment of Non-Laboratory-Based Versus Commonly Used Laboratory-Based Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores in the NHANES III Population." PLoS ONE 6: e20416. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0020416.
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Pandya, A.1    Weinstein, M.C.2    Gaziano, T.A.3
  • 39
    • 84862119222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012): The fifth joint task force of the european society of cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
    • doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs092
    • Perk, J., G. De Backer, H. Gohlke, I. Graham, Z. Reiner, M. Verschuren, C. Albus, et al. 2012. "European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (version 2012): The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice." European Heart Journal 33 (13): 1635-1701. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs092.
    • (2012) European Heart Journal , vol.33 , Issue.13 , pp. 1635-1701
    • Perk, J.1    De Backer, G.2    Gohlke, H.3    Graham, I.4    Reiner, Z.5    Verschuren, M.6    Albus, C.7
  • 40
    • 0038207148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The applicability of the Framingham coronary heart disease prediction function to black and minority ethnic groups in the UK
    • Quirke, T. P., P. S. Gill, J. W. Mant, and T. F. Allan. 2003. "The Applicability of the Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Prediction Function to Black and Minority Ethnic Groups in the UK." Heart 89: 785-786. doi:10.1136/heart.89.7.785. (Pubitemid 36760645)
    • (2003) Heart , vol.89 , Issue.7 , pp. 785-786
    • Quirke, T.P.1    Gill, P.S.2    Mant, J.W.3    Allan, T.F.4
  • 41
    • 3042582265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concordance evaluation of coronary risk scores: Implications for cardiovascular risk screening
    • DOI 10.1185/030079904125003647
    • Reynolds, T. M., P. J. Twomey, and, A. S. Wierzbicki. 2004. "Concordance Evaluation of Coronary Risk Scores: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk Screening." Current Medical Research 20: 811-818. doi:10.1185/030079904125003647. (Pubitemid 38821517)
    • (2004) Current Medical Research and Opinion , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 811-818
    • Reynolds, T.M.1    Twomey, P.J.2    Wierzbicki, A.S.3
  • 42
    • 84865172380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for assessing cardiovascular disease risk in a UK black population
    • doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302168
    • Schofield, P., R. Chen, and N. Crichton. 2012. "Methods for Assessing Cardiovascular Disease Risk in a UK Black Population." Heart 98: 1373-1377. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302168.
    • (2012) Heart , vol.98 , pp. 1373-1377
    • Schofield, P.1    Chen, R.2    Crichton, N.3
  • 43
    • 84861842176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of established risk prediction models for cardiovascular disease: Systematic review
    • doi:10.1136/bmj.e3318
    • Siontis, G. C., I. Tzoulaki, K. C. Siontis, and J. P. Ioannidis. 2012. "Comparisons of Established Risk Prediction Models for Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review." BMJ 344: e3318. doi:10.1136/bmj.e3318.
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.344
    • Siontis, G.C.1    Tzoulaki, I.2    Siontis, K.C.3    Ioannidis, J.P.4
  • 45
    • 84858638743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Southall and brent revisited: Cohort profile of SABRE, A UK population-based comparison of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in people of European, Indian Asian and African Caribbean Origins
    • for the SABRE Study Group 2010 doi:10.1093/ije/dyq175
    • Tillin, T., N. G. Forouhi, P. M. McKeigue, N. Chaturvedi and for the SABRE Study Group 2010. "Southall and Brent REvisited: Cohort Profile of SABRE, A UK Population-Based Comparison of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes in People of European, Indian Asian and African Caribbean Origins." International Journal of Epidemiology 44 (1): 33-42. doi:10.1093/ije/dyq175.
    • International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-42
    • Tillin, T.1    Forouhi, N.G.2    McKeigue, P.M.3    Chaturvedi, N.4
  • 46
    • 84873933342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Midlands Public Health Observatory WMPHO London: Association of Public Health Observatories
    • West Midlands Public Health Observatory WMPHO. 2008. LSOA Townsend Scores from Unadjusted Census Data England. London: Association of Public Health Observatories. http://www.apho.org.uk/resource/item.aspx?RID=47504.
    • (2008) LSOA Townsend Scores from Unadjusted Census Data England
  • 47
    • 34548490585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality from all causes and circulatory disease by country of Birth in England and wales 2001-2003
    • (Oxford) doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdm010
    • Wild, S. H., C. Fischbacher, A. Brock, C. Griffiths, and R. Bhopal, 2007. "Mortality from all Causes and Circulatory Disease by Country of Birth in England and Wales 2001-2003." Journal of Public Health (Oxford) 29: 191-198. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdm010
    • (2007) Journal of Public Health , vol.29 , pp. 191-198
    • Wild, S.H.1    Fischbacher, C.2    Brock, A.3    Griffiths, C.4    Bhopal, R.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.