Predicting the 10 year risk of cardiovascular disease in the United Kingdom: Independent and external validation of an updated version of QRISK2

BMJ (Online)

Volumn 345, Issue 7867, 2012, Pages

  Collins, Gary S ^a   Altman, Douglas G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANGINA PECTORIS; ARTICLE; CALIBRATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA BASE; FEMALE; FRAMINGHAM RISK SCORE; GENERAL PRACTICE; HEART INFARCTION; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; QRISK2-2011; SCORING SYSTEM; STROKE; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; UNITED KINGDOM; VALIDATION STUDY;

EID: 84864387127     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17561833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e4181     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Fact sheet No 317. WHO, 2011. www.who.int.
2. Department of Health. Putting prevention first - vascular checks: risk assessment and management. Department of Health, 2008.
3. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Lipid modification: cardiovascular risk assessment and the modification of blood lipids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. 2008.http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG67.
4. Anderson KM, Odell PM, Wilson PWF, Kannel WB. Cardiovascular disease risk profiles. Am Heart J 1991;121:293-8.
5. Ridker PM, Buring JE, Rifai N, Cook NR. Development and validation of improved algorithms for the assessment of global cardiovascular risk in women: the Reynolds Risk Score. JAMA 1997;297:611-9.
6. Ridker PM, Paynter NP, Rifai N, Gaziano JM, Cook NR. C-reactive protein and parental history improve global cardiovascular risk prediction: the Reynolds Risk Score for men. Circulation 2008;118:2243-51.
7. Collins GS, Altman DG. An independent external validation and evaluation of QRISK cardiovascular risk prediction: a prospective open cohort study. BMJ 2009;339:b2584.
8. Collins GS, Altman DG. An independent and external validation of QRISK2 cardiovascular disease risk score: a prospective open cohort study. BMJ 2010;340:c2442.
9. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Vinogradova Y, Robson J, Brindle P. Performance of the QRISK cardiovascular risk prediction algorithm in an independent UK sample of patients from general practice: a validation study. Heart 2008;94:34-9.
10. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Vinogradova Y, Robson J, Minhas R, Sheikh A, et al. Predicting cardiovascular risk in England and Wales: prospective derivation and validation of QRISK2. BMJ 2008;336:1475-82. (Pubitemid 351977019)
11. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Vinogradova Y, Robson R, May M, Brindle P. Derivation and validation of QRISK, a new cardiovascular disease risk score for the United Kingdom: prospective open cohort study. BMJ 2007;335:136.
12. Mayor S. Doctors no longer have to use Framingham equation to assess heart disease risk, NICE says. BMJ 2010;340:c1774.
13. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Robson J, Brindle P. Advantages of QRISK2 (2010): the key issue is ethnicity and extent of reallocation. Heart 2011;97:515.
14. Moons KGM, Altman DG, Vergouwe Y, Royston P. Prognosis and prognostic research: application and impact of prognostic models in clinical practice. BMJ 2009;338:b606.
15. Toll DB, Janssen KJM, Vergouwe Y, Moons KGM. Validation, updating and impact of clinical prediction rules: a review. J Clin Epidemiol 2008;61:1085-94.
16. Rubin DB. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. Wiley, 1987.
17. Harrell FE, Califf RM, Pryor DB, Lee KL, Rosati RA. Evaluating the yield of medical tests. JAMA 1982;247:2543-6. (Pubitemid 12155954)
18. Royston P. Explained variation for survival models. Stata J 2006;6:83-96. (Pubitemid 43708445)
19. Royston P, Sauerbrei W. A new measure of prognostic separation in survival data. Stat Med 2004;23:723-48. (Pubitemid 38279510)
20. Steyerberg EW, Vickers AJ, Cook NR, Gerds T, Gonen M, Obuchowski N, et al. Assessing the performance of prediction models: a framework for traditional and novel measures. Epidemiology 2010;21:128-38.
21. Vickers AJ, Cronin AM, Elkin EB, Gonen M. Extensions to decision curve analysis, a novel method for evaluating diagnostic tests, prediction models and molecular markers. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2008;8:53.
22. Vickers AJ, Elkin EB. Decision curve analysis: a novel method for evaluating prediction models. Med Decis Making 2006;26:565-74. (Pubitemid 44728772)
23. R: a language and environment for statistical computing [program]. 2012. www.R-project. org.
24. StataCorp. Stata statistical software: release 11 [program]. StataCorp, 2009.
25. Burton A, Altman DG. Missing covariate data within cancer prognostic studies: a review of current reporting and proposed guidelines. Br J Cancer 2004;91:4-8. (Pubitemid 39013036)
26. Vergouwe Y, Royston P, Moons KGM, Altman DG. Development and validation of a prediction model with missing predictor data: a practical approach. J Clin Epidemiol 2010;63:205-14.