Profits before people?: Ethical standards and the marketing of prescription drugs

Profits before People?: Ethical Standards and the Marketing of Prescription Drugs

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-206

  Weber, Leonard J ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84900621967     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (155)

1. "The Drug Industry: An Overdose of Bad News," The Economist 374, no. 8418 (19 March 2005): 73.
2. Kaiser Family Foundation, "Americans Value the Health Benefits of Prescription Drugs, but Say Drug Makers Put Profits First, New Survey Shows," news release, 25 February 2005, .
3. John Abramson, Overdosed America: the Broken Promise of American Medicine (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), 26.
4. "Conflicts of Interest on COX-2 Panel," news release, Center for Science in the Public Interest, 25 February 2005, .
5. Gardiner Harris and Alex Berenson, "10 Voters on Panel Backing Pain Pills Had Industry Ties," te New York Times, 25 February 2005, .
6. Among those that appeared between the middle of 2003 till the end of 2004 are the following: Abramson, Overdosed America; Marcia Angell, the Truth About the Drug Companies: How tey Deceive Us and What to Do About It (New York: Random House, 2004);
7. Jerry Avorn, Powerful Medicines: the Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Prescription Drugs (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004);
8. Donald L. Barlett and James B. Steele, Critical Condition: How Health Care in America Became Big Business-and Bad Medicine (New York: Doubleday, 2004);
9. Merrill Goozner, The $800 Million Pill: the Truth Behind the Cost of New Drugs (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004);
10. Katerine Greider, The Big Fix: How the Pharmaceutical Industry Rips Off American Consumers (New York: Public Affairs, 2003);
11. David Healy, Let tem Eat Prozac: the Un healthy Relationship Between the Pharmaceutical Industry and Depression (New York: New York University Press, 2004);
12. Jerome P. Kassirer, On the Take: How Medicine's Complicity with Big Business Can Endanger Your Health (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005);
13. Sheldon Krimsky, Science in the Private Interest: Has the Lure of Profits Corrupted Biomedical Research? (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003).
14. Lynn Sharp Paine, "Children as Consumers: An Ethical Evaluation of Children's television Advertising," in Business Ethics for the 21st Century, ed. David M. Adams and Edward W. Maine (Mountain View, Calif.: Mayfield, 1998), 388.
15. David Blumenthal, "Doctors and Drug Companies," The New England Journal of Medicine 351, no. 18 (28 October 2004): 1889.
16. Jay S. Cohen, Over Dose: the Case Against the Drug Companies (New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam, 2001), 36.
17. Peter Jennings, Bitter Medicine: Pills, Profit and the Public Health, American Broadcasting Corp., 29 May 2002.
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22. Lynn Sharp Paine, "Children as Consumers: An Ethical Evaluation of Children's television Advertising," in Business Ethics for the 21st Century, ed. David M. Adams and Edward W. Maine (Mountain View, Calif.: Mayfield, 1998), 388.
23. Arnold S. Relman and Marcia Angell, "America's Oter Drug Problem," The New Republic (16 December 2002): 27.
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30. Four books that are particularly helpful in describing tese issues are John Abramson, Overdosed America: the Broken Promise of American Medicine (New York: HarperCollins, 2004);
31. Marcia Angell, the Truth About the Drug Companies: How tey Deceive Us and What to Do About It (New York: Random House, 2004);
32. Jerry Avorn, Powerful Medicines: the Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Prescription Drugs (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004);
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49. John Abramson, Overdosed America: the Broken Promise of American Medicine (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), 91.
50. American Academy of Pharmaceutical Physicians, .
51. Marcia Angell, the Truth About the Drug Companies: How tey Deceive Us and What to Do About It (New York: Random House, 2004), 163.
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53. Marcia Angell, the Truth About the Drug Companies: How tey Deceive Us and What to Do About It (New York: Random House, 2004), 132.
54. AMA Code of Medical Ethics: E-8.061, .
55. Susan L. Coyle for the Ethics and Human Rights Committee, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, "Physician-Industry Relations. Part 1: Individual Physicians," Annals of Internal Medicine 136, no. 5 (5 March 2002): 398.
56. He Washington Legal Foundation,quoted by Jerome P. Kassirer, On the Take: How Medicine's Complicity with Big Business Can Endanger Your Health (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 19.
57. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, "PhRMA Code on Interactions with Healthcare Professionals," . Reprinted with permission.
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61. Marcia Angell, the Truth About the Drug Companies: How tey Deceive Us and What to Do About It (New York: Random House, 2004), 129.
62. Kaiser Family Foundation, "National Survey of Physicians. Part II: Doctors and Prescription Drugs," March 2002, .
63. AMA Code of Medical Ethics: E-8.061, .
64. Susan L. Coyle for the Ethics and Human Rights Committee, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, "Physician-In dustry Relations. Part 1: Individual Physicians," Annals of Internal Medicine 136, no. 5 (5 March 2002): 398.
65. Fran Hawthorne, the Merck Druggernaut: the Inside Story of a Pharmaceutical Giant (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), 127.
66. Robert Pear and James Dao, "States Trying New Tactics to Reduce Spending on Drugs," The New York Times, 21 November 2004, .
67. Pfizer, "Medicines to Change the World," 2003 Annual Report.
68. Arnold S. Relman and Marcia Angell, "America's Oter Drug Problem," The New Republic (16 December 2002): 34.
69. Jerry Avorn, Powerful Medicines: the Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Prescription Drugs (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004), 72.
70. Brian L. Strom, "Potential for Conflict of Interest in the Evaluation of Suspected Adverse Drug Reactions," JAMA 292, no. 21 (1 December 2004): 2645.
71. Abigail Zuger, "Caution: Hat Dose May Be Too High," the New York Times, 17 September 2002.
72. J. M. Westfall, "Personal Use of Drug Samples by Physicians and Office Staff," JAMA 278, no. 2 (9 July 1997): 141-143.
73. Food and Drug Administration, "Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987; Prescription Drug Amendments of 1992; Policies, Requirements, and Administrative Procedures," the Federal Register 64, no. 232 (3 December 1999): 67745.
74. Phil B. Fontanarosa et al., "Postmarketing Surveillance-Lack of Vigilance, Lack of Trust," JAMA 292, no. 21 (1 December 2004): 2647.
75. Marcia Angell, the Truth About the Drug Companies: How tey Deceive Us and What to Do About It (New York: Random House, 2004), 135.
76. Jay S. Cohen, Over Dose: the Case Against the Drug Companies (New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam, 2001), 148.
77. John Abramson, Overdosed America: the Broken Promise of American Medicine (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), 91.
78. Jerry Avorn, Powerful Medicines: the Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Prescription Drugs (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004), 17.
79. Manuel G. Velasquez, Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases, 5th ed. (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2002), 348-349.
80. Arnold S. Relman and Marcia Angell, "America's Oter Drug Problem," The New Republic (16 December 2002): 27.
81. Jeffrey M. Drazen and Gregory D. Curfman, "Financial Associations of Authors," the New England Journal of Medicine 346, no. 24 (13 June 2002): 1901-1902.
82. Barry Meier, "Contracts Keep Drug Research Out of Reach," the New York Times, 29 November 2004, .
83. Gardiner Harris, "F.D.A. Links Drugs to Being Suicidal," the New York Times, 14 September 2004, .
84. Pilar Villanueva, "Accuracy of Pharmaceutical Advertisements in Medical Journals," the Lancet 361 (4 January 2003): 27.
85. Arnold S. Relman and Marcia Angell, "America's Oter Drug Problem," The New Republic (16 December 2002): 34.
86. John Abramson, Overdosed America: the Broken Promise of American Medicine (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), 118.
87. Alan F. Holmer, "Industry Strongly Supports Continuing Medical Education," JAMA 285, no. 15 (18 April 2001): 2012.
88. Arnold S. Relman. "Separating Continuing Medical Education from Pharmaceutical Marketing," JAMA 285, no. 15 (18 April 2001): 2010.
89. Joseph S. Ross, Peter Lurie, and Sidney M. Wolfe, "Medical Education Services Suppliers: A Threat to Physician Education," Public Citizen, 19 July 2000, .
90. ACCME, "Standards for Commercial Support," 2004, .
91. Joe Torre, executive of an advertising agency, quoted by Jerome P. Kas-sirer, On the Take: How Medicine's Complicity with Big Business Can Endanger Your Health (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 92.
92. Niteesh K. Choudhry, Henry Homas Stelfox, and Allan S. Detsky, "Relationships Between Authors of Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Pharmaceutical Industry," JAMA 287, no. 5 (6 February 2000): 614.
93. Bruce M. Psaty and Drummond Rennie, "Stopping Medical Research to Save Money," JAMA 289, no. 16 (23 April 2003): 2130.
94. Steven E. Nissen et al., "Effect of Antihypertensive Agents on Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Disease and Normal Blood Pressure," JAMA 292, no. 18 (10 November 2004): 2217-2226.
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96. Marilynn Marchione, "Doctors' Ties to Drug Firms Questioned," the Detroit News, 17 October 2004.
97. Jerry Avorn, Powerful Medicines: the Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Prescription Drugs (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004), 214.
98. Homas Bodenheimer, "Uneasy Alliance: Clinical Investigators and the Pharmaceutical Industry," the New England Journal of Medicine 342, no. 20 (18 May 2000): 1539.
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100. Justin E. Bekelman, Yan Li, and Cary P. Gross, "Scope and Impact of Financial Conflicts of Interest in Biomedical Research: A Systematic Review," JAMA 289, no. 4 (22/29 January 2003): 463.
101. Sheldon Krimsky, Science in the Private Interest: Has the Lure of Profits Corrupted Biomedical Research? (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003), 148.
102. Richard A. Rettig, "The Industrialization of Clinical Research," Health Affairs 19, no. 2 (March/April 2000): 129-146.
103. John Abramson, Overdosed America: the Broken Promise of American Medicine (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), ch. 7;
104. Jerome P. Kassirer, On the Take: How Medicine's Complicity with Big Business Can Endanger Your Health (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 167.
105. Arnold S. Relman and Marcia Angell, "America's Oter Drug Problem," the New Republic (16 December 2002): 33.
106. Gardiner Harris, "F.D.A. Links Drugs to Being Suicidal," the New York Times, 14 September 2004, .
107. Caterine De Angelis et al., "Clinical Trial Registration: A Statement from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors," the New England Journal of Medicine (8 September 2004), .
108. Marcia Angell, the Truth About the Drug Companies: How tey Deceive Us and What to Do About It (New York: Random House, 2004), 163.
109. PhRMA, . Reprinted with permission.
110. Jerry Avorn, PowefulMedicines: the Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Prescription Drugs (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004), 338.
111. George W. Bush, quoted by John Abramson, Overdosed America: the Broken Promise of American Medicine (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), 53.
112. Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, Institute of Medicine, To Err Is Human (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2000).
113. Abramson, 46. "OECD" is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
114. Donald L. Barlett and James B. Steele, Critical Condition: How Health Care in America Became Big Business-and Bad Medicine (New York: Double-day, 2004), 13.
115. Mark Sagoff "At the Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima, or Why Political Questions Are Not All Economic," in Business Ethics: Readings and Cases in Corporate Morality, 3rd ed., ed. W. Michael Hoffman and Robert E. Frederick (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995), 466.
116. Leonard J. Weber, Business Ethics in Healthcare: Beyond Compliance (Bloom-ington: Indiana University Press, 2001), 37-38.
117. Lawrence J. Schneiderman and Nancy S. Jecker, Wrong Medicine (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995).
118. Institute of Medicine National Roundtable on Health Care Quality, "He Urgent Need to Improve Health Care Quality," JAMA 280, no. 11 (16 September 1998): 1000-1005.
119. Sheila M. Rothman and David J. Rothman, the Pursuit of Perfection (New York: Panteon Books, 2003), ix.
120. Marcia Angell, the Truth About the Drug Companies: How tey Deceive Us and What to Do About It (New York: Random House, 2004), 262.
121. Robert Pear, "Americans Relying More on Prescription Drugs, Report Says," the New York Times, 3 December 2004, .
122. Robert Pear, "Health Spending at a Record Level," the New York Times, 9 January 2004;
123. Pfizer, "Medicines to Change the World." 2003 Annual Report.
124. Donald L. Barlett and James B. Steele, Critical Condition: How Health Care in America Became Big Business-and Bad Medicine (New York: Double-day, 2004), 198-199.
125. Associated Press, "Pfizer Pulling Advertising for Celebrex," the New York Times, 20 December 2004, .
126. Richard A. Friedman, letter to the editor, the New York Times, 21 December 2004, .
127. Francis B. Palumbo and C. Daniel Mullins, "He Development of Di-rect-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising Regulation," Food and Drug Law Journal 57, no. 3 (2002): 431.
128. Kaiser Family Foundation, "Prescription Drug Trends," March 2003, .
129. National Institute for Health Care Management, "Prescription Drugs and Mass Media Advertising, 2000," November 2001: 8,
130. United States General Accounting Office, "Report to Congressional Requesters. Prescription Drugs: FDA Oversight of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Has Limitations": 3,
131. Kaiser Family Foundation, "Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising on Prescription Drug Spending," June 2003: 2,
132. See Sidney M. Wolfe, "Direct-to-Consumer Advertising-Education or Emotion Promotion?"
133. Alan F. Holmer, "Direct-to-Consumer Advertising-Strengtening Our Health Care System," the New England Journal of Medicine 346, no. 7 (14 February 2002): 524-528.
134. PhRMA, "Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Medicines: Myths and Facts," .
135. Kathryn J. Aikin, John L. Swasy, and Amie C. Braman, "Patient and Physician Attitudes and Behaviors Associated with DTC Promotion of Prescription Drugs-Summary of FDA Survey Research Results," Food and Drug Administration, 19 November 2004: 3, .
136. Mattew F. Holland, "Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of Prescription Drugs: Creating Consumer Demand," JAMA 281, no. 4 (27 January 1999): 383-384.
137. John Abramson, Overdosed America: the Broken Promise of American Medicine (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), 156-157.
138. Arnold S. Relman and Marcia Angell, "America's Oter Drug Problem," the New Republic (16 December 2002): 36.
139. Richard L. Lippke, "Advertising and the Social Conditions of Autonomy," in Business Ethics for the 21st Century, ed. David M. Adams and Edward W. Maine (Mountain View, Calif.: Mayfield, 1998), 378.
140. Jerry Avorn, Powerful Medicines: the Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Prescription Drugs (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004), 290.
141. Barry Meier, "Medicine Fueled by Marketing Intensified Trouble for Pain Pills," the New York Times, 19 December 2004, .
142. Institute of Medicine National Roundtable on Health Care Quality, "He Urgent Need to Improve Health Care Quality," JAMA 280, no. 11 (26 September 1998): 1000-1005.
143. He American Public Health Association, "Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising," a resolution adopted in November 1995.
144. Quoted in Leonard J. Weber, "He Ethics of Health Care Advertising," Michigan Hospitals 24, no. 12 (December 1988): 32.
145. Milton Feasley, quoted in Barlett and Steele, 202.
146. Tom L. Beauchamp, "Manipulative Advertising," in Ethical teory and Business, 5th ed., ed. Tom L. Beauchamp and Norman E. Bowie (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. 1997), 473.
147. Stuart Elliott and Nat Ives, "He Media Business: Selling Prescription Drugs to the Consumer," the New York Times, 12 October 2004.
148. Prescription Access Litigation, .
149. Stuart Elliott, "He Media Business: Advertising," the New York Times, 19 October 2004.
150. Pfizer news release, 14 April 2004, .
151. Lawrence J. Schneiderman and Nancy S. Jecker, Wrong Medicine (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995).
152. Sheila M. Rothman and David J. Rothman, the Pursuit of Perfection (New York: Panteon Books, 2003), xiv.
153. Quoted by Marcia Angell, the Truth About the Drug Companies: How tey Deceive Us and What to Do About It (New York: Random House, 2004), 151.
154. Gardiner Harris, "Federal Drug Agency Calls Ads for the Cholesterol Pill Crestor 'False and Misleading,'" the New York Times, 23 December 2004.
155. Leon Kass, "Practicing Ethics: Where's the Action?" the Hastings Center Report 20, no. 1 (January/February 1990): 8.