The pharmaceutical industry - Prices and progress

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 351, Issue 9, 2004, Pages 927-932

  Scherer, F M ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NEW DRUG;

CANADA; COMMERCIAL PHENOMENA; COST CONTROL; DRUG COST; DRUG DEVELOPMENT; DRUG FORMULARY; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG MARKETING; DRUG PRICING; DRUG RESEARCH; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; MEDICARE; MONOPOLY PRICING POWER; PATENT; POLICY; PRICE CONTROL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROFIT; REIMBURSEMENT; REVIEW; UNITED STATES;

ADVERTISING; BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; CANADA; COMMERCE; COST CONTROL; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; DRUG COSTS; DRUG EVALUATION; DRUG INDUSTRY; FEES, PHARMACEUTICAL; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; INSURANCE, PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES; MEDICAID; MEDICARE; TECHNOLOGY, PHARMACEUTICAL; UNITED STATES;

EID: 4143115538     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMhpr040117     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. Pharmaceutical industry profile: 2003. Washington, D.C.: Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, 2003:79.
2. Kumar P, Zaugg AM. Steady but not stellar. IMS Health Business Watch. May 2003. (Accessed August 5, 2004, at http://www.mshealth.com/vgn/imagestportal/ cit_L40000873/43609907Business%20Watch.pdf.)
3. Statistical abstract of the United States. 2002. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of the Census, 2002:Section 3.
4. Medicare and Medicaid statistical supplement. Table 4. (Accessed August 5, 2004, at http://cms.hhs.gov/review/supp.)
5. Pharmaceutical industry profile 2003. Washington, D.C.: Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, 2003:76.
6. DiMasi JA. New drug innovation and pharmaceutical industry structure: trends in the output of pharmaceutical firms. Drug Inf J 2000;34:1169-94.
7. Reichert JM. New biopharmaceuticals in the USA: trends in development and marketing approvals 1995-1999. Trends Biotechnol 2000;18:364-9.
8. Lichtenberg FR. Pharmaceutical knowledge - capital accumulation and longevity. In: Corrado C, Haltiwanger J, Sichel D, eds. Measuring capital in the new economy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (in press).
9. Kaitin KI, DiMasi JA. Measuring the pace of new drug development in the user fee era. Drug Inf J 2000;34:673-80.
10. Cohen WM, Nelson RR, Walsh JP. Protecting their intellectual assets: appropriability conditions and why U.S. manufacturing firms patent (or not). Working paper no. 7552. Washington, D.C.: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.
11. Generic drug entry prior to patent expiration: an FTC study. Washington, D.C.: Federal Trade Commission, July 2002:1-2.
12. DiMasi JA, Hansen RW, Grabowski HG. The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs. J Health Econ 2003;22:151-85.
13. Bond RS, Lean DF. Sales, promotion, and product differentiation in two prescription drug markets. Washington, D.C.: Federal Trade Commission, 1977.
14. Scherer FM, Ross D. Industrial market structure and economic performance. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1990:582-92.
15. Lu JL, Comanor WS. Strategic pricing of new pharmaceuticals. Rev Econ Stat 1998;80:108-18.
16. Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. National health expenditure projections. Table 11. (Accessed August 5, 2004, at http://www.cms.hhs.gov/ statistics/nhe/projections-2002/t11.asp.)
17. Scherer FM. The link between gross profitability and pharmaceutical R&D spending. Health Aff (Millwood) 2001;20(5):216-20.
18. Giacotto C, Santerre R, Vernon J. Explaining pharmaceutical R&D growth rates at the industry level. Storrs: University of Connecticut, 2003.
19. Pharmaceutical R&D: costs, risks, and rewards. Washington, D.C.: Office of Technology Assessment, 1993:73-104.
20. Scherer FM. Pricing, profits, and technological progress in the pharmaceutical industry. J Econ Perspect 1993;7:97-115.
21. Scherer FM, Harhoff D. Technology policy for a world of skew-distributed outcomes. Res policy 2000;29:559-66.
22. Danzon PM. Pharmaceutical price regulation: national policies versus global interests. Washington, D.C.: AEI Press, 1997.
23. Medicare and Medicaid statistical supplement. Table 4. (Accessed August 5, 2004, at http://www.cms.hhs.gov/review/supp/2001/table101.pdf.)
24. Report to the Congress. Variation and innovation in Medicare. Washington, D.C.: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, 2003:149-72.
25. Masson A, Steiner RL. Generic substitution and prescription drug prices: economic effects of state drug production selection laws. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Economics, Federal Trade Commission, 1985:65-110.
26. Pharmaceutical industry profile 2003. Washington, D.C.: Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, 2003:62.
27. How the Medicaid rebate on prescription drugs affects pricing in the pharmaceutical industry. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Budget Office, January 1996:28.
28. Scott Morton F. The strategic response by pharmaceutical firms to the Medicaid most-favored-customer rules. Rand J Econ 1997;28:269-90.
29. Wagner JL, McCarthy E. International differences in drug prices. Annu Rev Public Health 2004;25:475-95.
30. Harris G. U.S. moves to halt import of drugs from Canada. New York Times. September 10, 2003:C2.
31. Idem. Drug makers' new intensity in defense of U.S. borders. New York Times. October 30, 2003:C1.
32. Granville B, ed. The economics of essential medicines. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2002.
33. Danzon PM. Pharmaceutical price regulation: national policies versus global interests. Washington, D.C.: AEI Press, 1997:15-30.
34. Scherer FM, Watal J. The economics of TRIPS options for access to medicines. In: Granville B, ed. The economics of essential medicines. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2002:38-49.
35. Olson M Jr. The logic of collective action: public goods and the theory of groups. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965.
36. Scherer FM. U.S. industrial policy in the pharmaceutical industry. In: Towse A, ed. Industrial policy and the pharmaceutical industry. London: Office of Health Economics, 1995:36-8.