Poly-generation planning: Useful lessons from models and decision support tools

Intelligent Information Systems and Knowledge Management for Energy: Applications for Decision Support, Usage, and Environmental Protection

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 296-335

  Rong, Aiying ^a   Lahdelma, Risto ^b   Grunow, Martin ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

^b AALTO UNIVERSITY   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84900176135     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-737-9.ch011     Document Type: Chapter

References (215)

1. Achayuthakan, C., & Srivastava, S. C. (1998). A genetic algorithm based economic load dispatch solution for eastern region of EGAT system having combined cycle and cogeneration plants. Proceedings of International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery (pp. 165-170).
2. Afgan, N. H., & Carvalho, M. G. (2008). Sustainability assessment of a hybrid energy system. Energy Policy, 36(8), 2903-2910. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.03.040
3. Afgan, N. H., Gobaisi, D. A., Carvalho, M. G., & Cumo, M. (1998). Sustainable energy development. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2, 235-286. doi:10.1016/S1364-0321(98)00002-1
4. Afgan, N. H., Pilavachi, P. A., & Carvalho, M. G. (2007). Multi-criteria evaluation of natural gas resources. Energy Policy, 35(1), 704-713. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2006.01.015
5. Aguiar, A. B. M., Pinto, J. O. P., Andrea, C. Q., & Noguerira, L. A. (2007). Modeling and Simulation of Natural Gas Microturbine Application for Residential Complex Aiming Technical and Economical Viability Analysis. 2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference (pp. 376-381).
6. 2 mitigation-case studies in Japan by multi-objective models. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 30, 943-952. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.11.009
7. Aki, H., Oyama, T., & Tsuji, K. (2000). Analysis on the energy pricing and its reduction effect on environmental impact in urban area including DHC. 2000 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting (pp. 1097-1102).
8. Aki, H., Oyama, T., & Tsuji, K. (2003). Analysis of energy pricing in urban energy service systems considering a multiobjective problem of environmental and economic impact. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 18(4), 1275-1282. doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2003.818599
9. Aki, H., Oyama, T., & Tsuji, K. (2006). Analysis of energy service systems in urban areas and their CO2 mitigations and economic impacts. Applied Energy, 83, 1076-1088. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2005.11.003
10. Al-Mansour, F., & Kozuh, M. (2007). Risk analysis for CHP decision making within the conditions of an open electricity market. Energy, 32, 1905-1916. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2007.03.009
11. Alanne, K., & Saari, A. (2004). Sustainable small-scale CHP technologies for buildings: the basis for multi-perspective decision-making. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 8, 403-431. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2003.12.005
12. Alanne, K., Salo, A., Saari, A., & Gustafsson, S. I. (2007). Multi-criteria evaluation of residential energy supply systems. Energy and Building, 39, 1218-1226. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.01.009
13. Alfonso, D., Perez-Navarro, A., Encinas, N., Alvarez, C., Rodriguez, J., & Alcazar, M. (2007). Methodology for ranking customer segments by their suitability for distributed energy resources applications. Energy Conversion and Management, 48(5), 1615-1623. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2006.11.006
14. Algie, C., & Wong, K. O. (2004). A test system for combined heat and power economic dispatch problems. 2004 IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies (vol.1, pp. 96-101).
15. Andersen, A. N., & Lund, H. (2007). New CHP partnerships offering balancing of fluctuating renewable ectricity productions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15, 288-293. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.08.017
16. Arcuri, P., Florio, G., & Fragiacomo, P. (2007). A mixed integer programming model for optimal design of trigeneration in a hospital complex. Energy, 32, 1430-1447. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2006.10.023
17. Arivalagan, A., Raghavendra, B. G., & Rao, A. R. K. (1995). Integrated energy optimization model for a cogeneration based energy supply system in the process industry. Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 17, 227-233. doi:10.1016/0142-0615(95)00037-Q
18. Asano, H., Sagi, S., Imamura, E., Ito, K., & Yokoyama, R. (1992). Impacts of time-of-use rates on the optimal sizing and operation of cogeneration systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 7(4), 1444-1450. doi:10.1109/59.207366
19. Ashok, S., & Banerjee, R. (2003). Optimal operation of industrial cogeneration for load management. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 18, 931-937. doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2003.811169
20. Babu, C. A., & Ashok, S. (2008). Peak Load Management in Electrolytic Process Industries. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 23(2), 399-405. doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2008.920732
21. Bakken, B. J., Skjelbred, H. I., & Wolfgang, O. (2007). eTransport: Investment planning in energy supply systems with multiple energy carriers. Energy, 32, 1676-1689. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2007.01.003
22. Balestieri, J. P., & De Borros Correia, P. (1997). Multiobjective linear model for pre-feasibility design of cogeneration systems. Energy, 22, 537-548. doi:10.1016/S0360-5442(96)00151-X
23. Bazaraa, M. S., & Shetty, C. M. (1993). Nonlinear programming theory and algorithms. New York: Wiley.
24. Begic, F., & Afgan, N. H. (2007). Sustainability assessment tool for the decision making in selection of energy system-Bosnian case. Energy, 32, 1979-1985. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2007.02.006
25. Bengiamin, N. N. (1983). Operation of cogeneration plants with power purchase facilities. IEEE Transactions on Power Appratus Systems PAS, 102(10), 3467-3472. doi:10.1109/TPAS.1983.317845
26. Bojic, M., & Stojanovic, B. (1998). MILP optimization of a CHP energy system. Energy Conversion and Management, 37, 637-642. doi:10.1016/S0196-8904(97)00042-3
27. Bos, M. F. J., Beune, R. J. L., & van Amerongen, R. A. M. (1996). On the incorporation of a heat storage device in Lagrangian Relaxation based algorithms for unit commitment. Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 18(4), 205-214. doi:10.1016/0142-0615(95)00059-3
28. Burer, M., Tanaka, K., Favrat, D., & Yamada, K. (2003). Multi-criteria optimization of a district cogeneration plant integrating a solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine combined cycle, heat pumps and chiller. Energy, 28, 497-518. doi:10.1016/S0360-5442(02)00161-5
29. Calderan, R., Spiga, M., & Vestrucci, P. (1992). Energy modelling of a cogeneration system for a food industry. Energy, 17, 609-616. doi:10.1016/0360-5442(92)90096-I
30. Cardona, E., & Piacentino, A. (2007). Optimal design of CHCP plants in the civil sector by thermoeconomics. Applied Energy, 84(7-8), 729-748. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2007.01.005
31. Cardona, E., Sannino, P., Piacentino, A., & Cardona, F. (2006). Energy saving in airports by trigeneration. Part II: Short and long term planning for the Malpensa 2000 CHCP plant. Applied Thermal Engineering, 26, 1437-1447. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.01.020
32. Carraretto, C., & Lazzaretto, A. (2004). A dynamic approach for the optimal electricity dispatch in the deregulated market. Energy, 29, 2273-2287. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.025
33. Casella, F., Maffezzoni, C., Piroddi, L., & Pretolani, F. (2001). Minimising production costs in generation and cogeneration plants. Control Engineering Practice, 9, 283-295. doi:10.1016/S0967-0661(01)000028
34. CEC Commission of the European Communities. (1997). Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions-A Community strategy to promote combined heat and power (CHP) and to dismantle barriers to its development, COM (1997) 514 final, Brussels.
35. Celli, G., Pilo, F., Pisano, G., & Soma, G. G. (2005). Optimal Participation of a Microgrid to the Energy Market with an Intelligent EMS. International Power Engineering Conference (pp. 663-668).
36. Cerri, G., Borghetti, S., & Salvini, C. (2006). Neural management for heat and power cogeneration plants. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 19, 721-730. doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2006.05.013
37. Chang, C. S., & Fu, W. (1998). Stochastic multiobjective generation dispatch of combined heat and power systems. IEE Proc. Generation. Transmission and Distribution, 145, 583-591. doi:10.1049/ip-gtd:19981997
38. Chen, B. K., & Hong, C. C. (1996). Optimum Operation for a back-Pressure cogeneration system under time-of-use rates. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 11, 1074-1082. doi:10.1109/59.496197
39. Chen, S., Tsay, M., & Gow, H. (2005). Scheduling of cogeneration plants considering electricity wheeling using enhanced immune algorithm. Electrical Power & Energy System, 27, 31-38. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2004.07.008
40. Chicco, G., & Mancarella, P. (2006). From cogeneration to trigeneration: Profitable alternatives in a competitive market. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 21, 265-272. doi:10.1109/TEC.2005.858089
41. Chicco, G., & Mancarella, P. (2007). (article in press). Distributed multi-generation: A comprehensive view. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. doi:10.1016/j.reser.2007.11.014
42. Chicco, G., & Mancarella, P. (2008). (article in press). Matrix modelling of small-scale trigeneration systems and application to operational optimization. Energy. doi:.doi:10.1016/j.energy.2008.09.011
43. Cormio, C., Dicorato, M., Minoia, A., & Trovato, M. (2003). A regional energy planning methodology including renewable energy sources and environmental constraints. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 7, 99-130. doi:10.1016/S1364-0321(03)00004-2
44. Curti, V., von Spakovsky, M. R., & Fvarat, D. (2002a). An environomic approach for the modeling and optimization of a district heating network based on centralized and decentralized heat pumps, cogeneration and / or gas furnace, Part I: Methodology. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 39, 721-730. doi:10.1016/S1290-0729(00)00226-X
45. Curti, V., von Spakovsky, M. R., & Fvarat, D. (2002b). An environomic approach for the modeling and optimization of a district heating network based on centralized and decentralized heat pumps, cogeneration and / or gas furnace, Part II: Application. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 39, 731-741. doi:10.1016/S1290-0729(00)00225-8
46. Dantzig, G. (1963). Linear programming and extensions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
47. De, S., Kaiadi, M., Fast, M., & Assadi, M. (2007). Development of an artificial neural network model for the steam process of a coal biomass cofired combined heat and power (CHP) plant in Sweden. Energy, 32, 2099-2109. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2007.04.008
48. De Paepe, M., & Mertens, D. (2007). Combined heat and power in a liberalised energy market. Energy Conversion and Management, 48, 2542-2555. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2007.03.019
49. DeLong, S. O., & Speegle, C. T. (2003). Applying the systems methodology in the design of the West Point cogeneration power plant. Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium.
50. Dinca, C., Badea, A., Rousseaux, P., & Apostol, T. (2007). A multi-criteria approach to evaluate the natural gas energy systems. Energy Policy, 35, 5754-5765. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2007.06.024
51. Dotzauer, E. (2001). Energy system operation by Lagrangian Relaxation. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Mathematics, Linköping University, Sweden.
52. Dotzauer, E. (2003). Experiences in mid-term planning of district heating system. Energy, 28, 1545-1555. doi:10.1016/S0360-5442(03)00151-8
53. Dotzauer, E., & Ravn, H. F. (2000). Lagrangian relaxation based algorithms for optimal economic dispatch of cogeneration systems with a storage. In proceedings from the second International Conference on Simulation, Gaming, Training and Business Process Reengineering in Operations (pp. 51-55). Riga, Latvia.
54. Dyner, I., & Larsen, E. R. (2001). From planning to strategy in the electricity industry. Energy Policy, 29, 1145-1154. doi:10.1016/S0301-4215(01)00040-4
55. Ensinas, A. V., Nebra, S. A., Lozano, M. A., & Serra, L. M. (2007). Analysis of process steam demand reduction and electricity generation in sugar and ethanol production from sugarcane. Energy Conversion and Management, 48, 2978-2987. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2007.06.038
56. Entchev, E., & Yang, L. (2007). Application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system techniques and artificial neural networks to predict solid oxide fuel cell performance in residential microgeneration installation. Journal of Power Sources, 170(1), 122-129. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.04.015
57. Eriksen, P. B. (2001). Economic and environmental dispatch of power: CHP production systems. Electric Power Systems Research, 57, 33-39. doi:10.1016/S0378-7796(00)00116-4
58. Faille, D., Mondon, C., & AI-Nasrawi, B. (2007). mCHP Optimization by Dynamic Programming and Mixed Integer Linear Programming. 2007 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems.
59. Fast, M., Assadi, M., & De, S. (2009). Development and multi-utility of an ANN model for an industrial gas turbine. Applied Energy, 86(1), 9-17. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.03.018
60. Figueira, J., Greco, S., & Ehrgott, M. (Eds.). (2005). Multiple criteria decision analysis: state of the art surveys. Berlin: Springer.
61. Frangopoulos, C. A., & Dimopoulos, G. G. (2004). Effect of reliability considerations on the optimal synthesis, design and operation of a cogeneration system. Energy, 29, 309-329. doi:10.1016/S03605442(02)00031-2
62. Gao, L., Jin, H., Liu, Z., & Zheng, D. (2004). Exergy analysis of coal-based polygeneration system for power and chemical production. Energy, 29, 2359-2371. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.046
63. Gardner, D. T., & Rogers, J. S. (1997). Joint planning of combined heat and power and electric power systems: An efficient model formulation. European Journal of Operational Research, 102(1), 58-72. doi:10.1016/S0377-2217(96)00221-4
64. Geidl, M., & Andersson, G. (2007). Optimal Power Flow of Multiple Energy Carriers. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 22(1), 145-155. doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2006.888988
65. Georgopoulou, E., Lalas, D., & Papagiannakis, L. (1997). A multicriteria decision aid approach for energy planning problems: The case of renewable energy option. European Journal of Operational Research, 103, 38-54. doi:10.1016/S0377-2217(96)00263-9
66. Georgopoulou, E., Sarafidis, Y., & Diakoulaki, D. (1998). Design and implementation of a group DSS for sustaining renewable energies exploitation. European Journal of Operational Research, 109, 483-500. doi:10.1016/S0377-2217(98)00072-1
67. Ghoudjehbaklou, H., & Puttgen, H. B. (1988). Optimum electric utility spot price determinations for small power producing facilities operating under PURPA provisions. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 3(3), 575-582. doi:10.1109/60.8070
68. Gómez-Villalva, E., & Ramos, A. (2003). Optimal Energy Management of an Industrial Consumer in Liberalized Markets. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 18, 716-723. doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2003.811197
69. Gonzalez Chapa, M. A., & Vega Galaz, J. R. (2004). An economic dispatch algorithm for cogeneration systems. 2004 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.
70. Goodell, M. (2002). Trigeneration advantage. http://www.cogeneration.net/The%20Trigeneration%20Advantage.htm.
71. Grohnheit, P. E. (1993). Modelling CHP within a national power system. Energy Policy, 21, 418-429. doi:10.1016/0301-4215(93)90282-K
72. Guo, T., Henwood, M. I., & van Ooijen, M. (1996). An algorithm for combined heat and power economic dispatch. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 11, 1778-1784. doi:10.1109/59.544642
73. Gustafsson, S. I. (1993). Mathematical modelling of district heating and electricity loads. Applied Energy, 46, 149-159. doi:10.1016/0306-2619(93)90064-V
74. Haurie, A., Loulou, R., & Savard, G. (1992). A two-player game model of power cogeneration in New England. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 37(9), 1451-1456. doi:10.1109/9.159591
75. Henning, D., Amiri, S., & Holmgren, K. (2006). Modelling and optimisation of electricity, steam and district heating production for a local Swedish utility. European Journal of Operational Research, 175(2), 1224-1247. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2005.06.026
76. Hirai, S., Hiroyasu, T., Miki, M., Tanaka, Y., Shimosaka, H., Aoki, S., & Umeda, Y. (2004). Satisfactory design of cogeneration system using genetic algorithm. 2004 IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems.
77. Hiremath, R. B., Shikha, S., & Ravindranath, N. H. (2007). Decentralized energy planning; modeling and application-a review. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 11, 729-752. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2005.07.005
78. Hollmann, M., & Voss, J. (2005). Modeling of decentralized energy supply structures with "system dynamics." 2005 International Conference on Future Power Systems.
79. Hong, Y. Y., & Li, C. H. (2002). Genetic algorithm based economic dispatch for cogeneration units considering multiplant and multibuyer wheeling. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 17, 134-140. doi:10.1109/59.982204
80. Hong, Y. Y., & Li, C. Y. (2006). Back-pressure cogeneration economic dispatch for physical bilateral contract using genetic algorithms. 2006 International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems.
81. Houwing, M., Heijnen, P. W., & Bouwmans, I. (2006). Deciding on micro-CHP: a multi-level decisionmaking approach. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (pp. 302-307).
82. Huang, J. P., Poh, K. L., & Ang, B. W. (1995). Decision analysis in energy and environmental modelling. Energy, 20, 843-855. doi:10.1016/0360-5442(95)00036-G
83. Huang, S. H., Chen, B. K., Chu, W. C., & Lee, W. J. (2004). Optimal operation strategy for cogeneration power plants. Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conference.
84. Hwang, C. L., & Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Application. New York: Springer.
85. Illerhaus, S. W., & Verstege, J. F. (1999). Optimal operation of industrial CHP-based power systems in liberalized energy markets. IEEE Power Tech'99 Conference, Budapest, Hungary, Aug 29-Sept 2, 1999.
86. Jebaraj, S., & Iniyan, S. (2006). A review of energy models. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 10, 281-311. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2004.09.004
87. Kagiannas, A. G., Askounis, D. T., & Psarras, J. (2004). Power generation planning: a survey from monopoly to competition. Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 26, 413-421. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2003.11.003
88. Kong, X. Q., Wang, R. Z., & Huang, X. H. (2007). Energy optimization model for a CCHP system with available gas turbines. Applied Thermal Engineering, 25, 377-391. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2004.06.014
89. Lahdelma, R. (1994). An objected-orientd mathematical modeling system. Ph.D. thesis, Acta, Polytechnica, Scandinavica Mathematics and Computing in Engineering Series No. 66. Systems Analysis Labortory, Helsinki University of Technology.
90. Lahdelma, R., & Hakonen, H. (2003). An efficient linear programming algorithm for combined heat and power production. European Journal of Operational Research, 148, 141-151. doi:10.1016/S03772217(02)00460-5
91. Lahdelma, R., & Makkonen, S. (1996). Interactive graphical object-oriented Energy modelling and optimisation. In Proceedings of the International Symposium of ECOS'96, Efficiency, Cost, Optimisation, Simulation and Environmental Aspects of Energy Systems (pp. 425-431), June 25-27, Stockholm, Sweden.
92. Lahdelma, R., Makkonen, S., & Salminen, P. (2006). Multivariate Gaussian criteria in SMAA. European Journal of Operational Research, 170, 957-970. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2004.08.022
93. Lahdelma, R., Makkonen, S., & Salminen, P. (2009). Two ways to handle dependent uncertainties in multi-criteria decision problems. Omega, 37, 79-92. doi:10.1016/j.omega.2006.08.005
94. th IASTED International Conference Modelling, Identification, and Control (pp. 300-305). February 16 -18, 2005, Innsbruck, Austria.
95. Lahdelma, R., & Salminen, P. (2001). SMAA-2: Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis for Group Decision Making. Operations Research, 49(3), 444-454. doi:10.1287/opre.49.3.444.11220
96. Lai, L. L., Ma, J. T., & Lee, J. B. (1997). Application of genetic algorithms to multi-time interval scheduling for daily operation of a cogeneration system. 1997 International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management (pp. 327-331).
97. Lai, L.L., Ma, J.T., & Lee, J.B. (1998). Multitime-interval scheduling for daily operation of a two cogeneration system with evolutionary programming. Electrical power & Energy Systems, 20, 305-311.
98. Larsen, H. V., Palsson, H., & Ravn, H. F. (1998). Probabilistic production simulation including combined heat and power plants. Electric Power Systems Research, 48, 45-56. doi:10.1016/S0378-7796(98)00080
99. Laurikka, H. (2006). Option value of gasification technology within an emissions trading scheme. Energy Policy, 34, 3916-3928. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2005.09.002
100. Lee, J. B., & Jeong, J. H. (2001). A daily optimal operational schedule for cogeneration systems in a paper mill. 2001 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting (vol.3, pp. 1357-1362).
101. Lee, J. B., Jung, C. H., & Lyu, S. H. (1999). A daily operation scheduling of cogeneration systems using fuzzy linear programming. 1999 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting (vol.2, pp. 983-988).
102. Lehtilä, A., & Pirilä, P. (1996). Reducing energy related emissions using an energy system optimization model to support policy planning in Finland. Energy Policy, 24(9), 805-919. doi:10.1016/03014215(96)00066-3
103. Li, H., Nalim, R., & Haldi, P. A. (2006). Thermal-economic optimization of a distributed multi-generation energy system-a case study of Beijing. Applied Thermal Engineering, 26(7), 709-719. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.09.005
104. Li, H., Song, Z., Favrat, D., & Marechal, F. (2004). Green heating system: characteristics and illustration with multi-criteria optimization of an integrated energy system. Energy, 29, 225-244. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2003.09.003
105. Linkevics, O., & Sauhauts, A. (2005). Formulation of the objective function for economic dispatch optimisation of steam cycle CHP plants. 2005 IEEE Russia Power Tech.
106. Liposcak, M., Afgan, N. H., Duic, N., & Carvalho, M. (2006). Sustainability assessement of cogeneration sector development in Croatia. Energy, 31(13), 2276-2284. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2006.01.024
107. Liu, P., Gerogiorgis, D. I., & Pistikopoulos, E. N. (2007). Modeling and optimization of polygeneration energy systems. Catalysis Today, 127, 347-359. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2007.05.024
108. MacGregor, P. R., & Puttgen, H. B. (1991). A spot price based control mechanism for electric utility systems with small power producing facilities. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 6(2), 683-690. doi:10.1109/59.76713
109. Madlener, R., & Schmid, C. (2003). Combined heat and power generation in liberalized markets and a carbon-constrained world. GAIA-Ecological Perspective in Science. Humanities and Economics, 12, 114-120.
110. Maidment, G. G., & Prosser, G. (2000). The use of CHP and absorption cooling in cold storage. Applied Thermal Engineering, 20, 1059-1073. doi:10.1016/S1359-4311(99)00055-1
111. Maifredi, C., Puzzi, L., & Beretta, G. P. (2000). Optimal power production scheduling in a complex cogeneration system with heat storage. Proceedings of 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference.
112. Maiorano, A., Sbrizzai, R., Torell, F., & Trovato, M. (1999). Intelligent load shedding schemes for industrial customers with cogeneration facilities. 1999 IEEE Power Engineering Society (Winter Meeting).
113. Makkonen, S. (2005). Decision modeling tools for utilities in the deregulated energy market. Ph.D. Thesis, Research Report A93, Systems Analysis Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology.
114. Makkonen, S., & Lahdelma, R. (1998). Stochastic simulation in risk analysis of energy trade. Trends in Multicriteria Decision Making: In Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making (pp. 146-156). Berlin: Springer.
115. Makkonen, S., & Lahdelma, R. (2001). Analysis of power pools in the deregulated energy market through simulation. Decision Support Systems, 30(3), 289-301. doi:10.1016/S0167-9236(00)00106-8
116. Makkonen, S., & Lahdelma, R. (2006). Non-Convex power plant modelling in energy optimisation. European Journal of Operational Research, 171, 1113-1126. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2005.01.020
117. Makkonen, S., Lahdelma, R., Asell, A. M., & Jokinen, A. (2003). Multi-criteria decision support in the liberated energy market. Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, 12(1), 27-42. doi:10.1002/mcda.341
118. Manhire, B., & Jenkins, T. B. (1982). A new technique for simulating the operation of multiple assignedenergy generating units suitable for use in generation system expansion planning models. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 10, 3861-3868. doi:10.1109/TPAS.1982.317036
119. Manolas, D. A., Frangopoulos, C. A., Gialamas, T. P., & Tsahalis, D. T. (1997). Operation optimization of an industrial cogeneration system by a genetic algorithm. Energy Conversion and Management, 38, 1625-1636. doi:10.1016/S0196-8904(96)00203-8
120. Marechal, F., & Kalitventzeff, B. (1998). Process integration: Selection of the optimal utility system. Computers & Chemical Engineering (Supplementary), 22, S149-S156. doi:10.1016/S0098-1354(98)000490
121. Marik, K., Schindler, Z., & Stluka, P. (2008). Decision support tools for advanced energy management. Energy, 33(6), 858-873. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2007.12.004
122. Marriott, K., & Stuckey, P. J. (1998). Programming with constraints. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
123. Martinsen, D., & Krey, V. (2008). Compromises in energy policy-using fuzzy optimization in an energy systems model. Energy Policy, 36(8), 2973-2984. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.04.005
124. Matics, J., & Krost, G. (2007). Computational Intelligence Techniques Applied to Flexible and Autoadaptive Operation of CHP Based Home Power Supply. 2007 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems (pp. 1-7).
125. Matics, J., & Krost, G. (2008). Micro combined heat and power home supply: Prospective and adaptive management achieved by computational intelligence techniques. Applied Thermal Engineering, 28, 2055-2061. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.05.002
126. Matsumoto, T., Tamaki, H., & Murao, H. (2007). Controlling residential co-generation system based on hierarchical decentralized model. 2007 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies&Factory Automation (pp. 612-618).
127. Mavromatisl, S. P., & Kokossis, A. C. (1998). A logic based model for the analysis and optimisation of steam turbine networks. Computers in Industry, 36, 165-179. doi:10.1016/S0166-3615(98)00070-0
128. Mavrotas, G., Demertzis, H., Meintani, A., & Diakoulaki, D. (2003). Energy planning in buildings under uncertainty in fuel costs: The case of a hotel unit in Greece. Energy Conversion and Management, 44, 1303-1321. doi:10.1016/S0196-8904(02)00119-X
129. Mavrotas, G., Diakoulaki, D., Florios, K., & Georgiou, P. (2008). A mathematical programming framework for energy planning in services' sector buildings under uncertainty in load demand: The case of a hospital in Athens. Energy Policy, 36, 2415-2429. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.01.011
130. Mazur, V. (2007). Fuzzy thermoeconomic optimization of energy-transforming systems. Applied Energy, 84, 749-762. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2007.01.006
131. Meibom, P., Kiviluoma, J., Barh, R., Brand, H., Weber, C., & Larsen, H. V. (2007). Value of electric heat boiler and heat pumps for wind power integration. Wind Energy (Chichester, England), 10, 321-327. doi:10.1002/we.224
132. Metaxiotis, K., & Kagiannas, A. (2005). Intelligent computer applications in the energy sector: a literature review from 1990 to 2003. International Journal of Computation Applications in Technology, 22, 53-64. doi:10.1504/IJCAT.2005.006936
133. Millan, J., Campo, R. A., & Sierra, S. (1998). A modular system for decision-making support in generation expansion planning. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 13, 667-671. doi:10.1109/59.667398
134. Moghavvemi, M., Yang, S. S., & Kashem, M. A. (1998). A practical neural network approach for power generation automation. Proceedings of International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery, 1, 305-310.
135. Mohanty, B., & Panda, H. (1993). Integrated energy system for industrial complexes. Part I: A linear programming approach. Applied Energy, 46, 317-348. doi:10.1016/0306-2619(93)90048-T
136. Moslehi, K., Khadem, M., Bernal, R., & Hernandez, G. (1991). Optimization of multiplant cogeneration system operation including electric and steam networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 6, 484-490. doi:10.1109/59.76690
137. Munda, G. (1996). Naiade. Manual and tutorial. In Ispra: Joint Research Centre - EC, ISPRA SITE.
138. Ogaji, S., Sampath, S., Singh, R., & Probert, D. (2002). Novel approach for improving power-plant availability using advanced engine diagnostics. Applied Energy, 72, 389-407. doi:10.1016/S03062619(02)00018-1
139. Oh, S. D., Lee, H. J., Jung, J. Y., & Kwak, H. Y. (2007). Optimal planning and economical evaluation of cogeneration system. Energy, 32, 760-771. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2006.05.007
140. Oh, S. D., Oh, H. S., & Kwak, H. Y. (2007). Economic evaluation for adoption of cogeneration system. Applied Energy, 84(3), 266-278. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2006.08.002
141. Ojanen, O., Makkonen, S., & Salo, A. (2005). A multi-criteria framework for the selection of risk analysis methods at energy utilities. International Journal of Risk Assessement and Management, 5, 16-35. doi:10.1504/IJRAM.2005.006609
142. Onovwiona, H. I., & Ugursal, V. I. (2006). Residential cogeneration systems: review of the current technology. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 10, 389-431. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2004.07.005
143. Palsson, O. P., & Ravn, H. F. (1994). Stochastic heat storage problem -- Solved by the progressive hedging algorithm. Energy Conversion and Management, 35(12), 1157-1171. doi:10.1016/01968904(94)90019-1
144. Papaefthymiou, G., Schavemaker, P. H., van der Sluis, L., Kling, W. L., Kurowicka, D., & Cooke, R. M. (2006). Integration of stochastic generation in power systems. Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 28, 655-667. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2006.03.004
145. Patlitzianas, K. D., Pappa, A., & Psarras, J. (2008). An information decision support system towards the formulation of a modern energy companies' environment. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12, 790-806. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2006.10.014
146. Perryman, R. (1995). Condition monitoring of combined heat and power systems. IEEE Colloquium on Condition Monitoring of Electrical Machines (pp. 1-4).
147. Piacentino, A., & Cardona, F. (2008a). An original multi-objective criterion for the design of smallscale polygeneration systems based on realistic operating conditions. Applied Thermal Engineering, 28, 2391-2404. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.01.017
148. Piacentino, A., & Cardona, F. (2008b). EABOT - Energetic analysis as a basis for robust optimization of trigeneration systems by linear programming. Energy Conversion and Management, 49, 3006-3016. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2008.06.015
149. Pilavachi, P. A., Roumpeas, C. P., Minett, S., & Afgan, N. H. (2006). Multi-criteria evaluation for CHP system options. Energy Conversion and Management, 47, 3519-3529. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2006.03.004
150. Pohekar, S. D., & Ramachandran, M. (2004). Application of multi-criteria decision making to sustainable energy planning. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 8, 365-381. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2003.12.007
151. Pribicevic, B., Krasenbrik, B., & Haubrich, H. J. (2002). Co-generation in a competitive market. IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting (vol.1, pp. 422-426).
152. Puttgen, H. B., & MacGregor, P. R. (1989). Optimum scheduling procedure for cogenerating small power producing facilities. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 4(3), 957-964. doi:10.1109/59.32585
153. Rahman, S., & Lauby, M. (1993). Identification of Potential Areas for the Use of Expert Systems in Power System Planning. Expert Systems with Applications, 6, 203-212. doi:10.1016/0957-4174(93)90010-4
154. Retrieved from http://www.cogeneration.net/The%20Trigeneration%20Advantage.htm
155. Rifaat, R. M. (1997). Practical considerations in applying economical dispatch models to combined cycle cogeneration plants. IEEE WESCANEX 97 Communications, Power and Computing (pp. 59-63).
156. Rifaat, R. M. (1998). Economic dispatch of combined cycle cogeneration plants with environmental constraints. Proceedings of International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery, 1, 149-153.
157. Rolfsman, B. (2004a). Combined heat-and-power plants and district heating in a deregulated electricity market. Applied Energy, 78, 37-52. doi:10.1016/S0306-2619(03)00098-9
158. Rolfsman, B. (2004b). Optimal supply and demand investment in municipal energy systems. Energy Conversion and Management, 45, 595-611. doi:10.1016/S0196-8904(03)00174-2
159. Rong, A. (2006). Cogeneration planning under the deregulated power market and emissions trading scheme. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Turku, Turku Center for Computer Science, Turku, Finland.
160. Rong, A., Hakonen, H., & Lahdelma, R. (2006). An efficient linear model and optimisation algorithm for multi-site combined heat and power production. European Journal of Operational Research, 168(2), 612-632. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2004.06.004
161. Rong, A., Hakonen, H., & Lahdelma, R. (2008). A variant of the dynamic programming algorithm for the unit commitment of combined heat and power systems. European Journal of Operational Research, 190, 741-755. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2007.06.035
162. 2 emissions trading optimization in combined heat and power generation. In P. Neittaanmäki, T. Rossi, K. Majava, O. Pironneau (eds.), Proc. ECCOMAS 2004.
163. Rong, A., & Lahdelma, R. (2005a). Risk analysis of expansion planning of combined heat and power energy system under emissions trading scheme. In W. Tayati (eds) Proceedings of IASTED International Conference on Energy and Power Systems (pp. 70-75), April 18-20, 2005, Krabi, Thailand
164. Rong, A., & Lahdelma, R. (2005b). An efficient model and specialized algorithms for cogeneration planning. In W. Tayati (Ed.) Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference Energy and Power System (pp. 1-7), April 18-20, 2005, Krabi, Thailand.
165. Rong, A., & Lahdelma, R. (2005c). An efficient linear programming model and optimization algorithm for trigeneration. Applied Energy, 82, 40-63. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.07.013
166. 2 emissions trading planning in combined heat and power production via multi-period stochastic optimization. European Journal of Operational Research, 176, 1874-1895. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2005.11.003
167. Rong, A., & Lahdelma, R. (2007b). Efficient algorithms for combined heat and power production planning under the deregulated electricity market. European Journal of Operational Research, 176, 1219-1245. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2005.09.009
168. Rong, A., & Lahdelma, R. (2007c). An efficient envelope-based Branch and Bound algorithm for nonconvex combined heat and power production planning. European Journal of Operational Research, 183, 412-431. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2006.09.072
169. Rong, A., & Lahdelma, R. (2007d). An effective heuristic for combined heat and power production planning with power ramp constraints. Applied Energy, 84, 307-325. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2006.07.005
170. Rong, A., Lahdelma, R., & Grunow, M. (2009). An improved unit decomitment algorithm for combined heat and power systems. European Journal of Operational Research, 195, 552-562. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2008.02.010
171. Rong, A., Lahdelma, R., & Luh, P. (2008). Lagrangian relaxation based trigeneration planning with storages. European Journal of Operational Research, 188, 240-257. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2007.04.008
172. Rooijers, F. J., & van Amerongen, R. A. M. (1994). Static economic dispatch for co-generation systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 9, 1392-1398. doi:10.1109/59.336125
173. Sakawa, M., Kato, K., & Ushiro, S. (2002). Operational planning of district heating and cooling plants through genetic algorithms for mixed 0-1 linear programming. European Journal of Operational Research, 137, 677-687. doi:10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00095-9
174. Salgado, F., & Pedrero, P. (2008). Short-term operation planning on cogeneration systems: A survey. Electric Power Systems Research, 78, 835-848. doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2007.06.001
175. Seeger, T., & Verstege, J. (1991). Short term scheduling in cogeneration systems. 1991 Power Industry Computer Application Conference (pp. 106-112).
176. Seo, H., Sung, J., Oh, S. D., Oh, H. S., & Kwak, H. Y. (2008). Economic optimization of a cogeneration system for apartment houses in Korea. Energy and Building, 40(6), 961-967. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.08.002
177. Sheen, J. N. (2005). Fuzzy evaluation of cogeneration alternatives in a petrochemical industry. Computers & Mathematics with Applications (Oxford, England), 49(5-6), 741-755. doi:10.1016/j.camwa.2004.10.035
178. Sødergren, C., & Ravn, H. F. (1996). A method to perform probabilistic production simulation involving combined heat and power units. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 11, 1031-1036. doi:10.1109/59.496191
179. Song, Y. H., Chou, C. S., & Stonham, T. J. (1999). Combined heat and power economic dispatch by improved ant colony search algorithm. Electric Power Systems Research, 52, 115-121. doi:10.1016/S0378-7796(99)00011-5
180. Spinney, P. J., & Watkins, G. C. (1996). Monte Carlo simulation technique and electric utility resource decisions. Energy Policy, 24(2), 155-164. doi:10.1016/0301-4215(95)00094-1
181. Su, C. H., & Chiang, C. L. (2004). An incorporated algorithm for combined heat and power economic dispatch. Electric Power Systems Research, 67, 187-195. doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2003.08.006
182. Sudhakaran, M., & Slochanal, S. M. R. (2003). Integrating genetic algorithms and tabu search for combined heat and power economic dispatch. Conference on Convergent Technologies for the Asia-Pacific Region.
183. Sudhakaran, M., Vimal Raj, P. A. D., & Palanivelu, T. G. (2007). Application of particle swarm optimization for economic load dispatch problems. 2007 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems.
184. Talaq, J.H., EI-Hawary, F., & EI-Hawary, M.E. (1994). A summary of environmental/economic dispatch algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 9(3), 1508-1516. doi:10.1109/59.336110
185. Thomas, M. (1994). Combined heat and power, the global solution to voltage dip, pollution, and energy efficiency. International Conference on Power System Technology, PowerCon 2004 (vol. 2, pp.1975-1980).
186. Thorin, E., Brand, H., & Weber, C. (2005). Long-term optimization of cogeneration systems in a competitive market environment. Applied Energy, 81, 152-169. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.04.012
187. Toffolo, A., & Lazzaretto, A. (2002). Evolutionary algorithms for multi-objective energetic and economic optimization in thermal system design. Energy, 27, 549-567. doi:10.1016/S0360-5442(02)00009-9
188. Tsay, M.T. (2003). Applying the multi-objective approach for operation strategy of cogeneration systems under environmental constraints. Electrical Power & Energy systems, 25, 219-226.
189. Tsay, M. T., Chang, C. Y., & Gow, H. J. (2004). The operational strategy of cogeneration plants in a competitive market. 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference.
190. Tsay, M.T., & Lin, W.M. (2000). Application of evolutionary programming to optimal operational strategy cogeneration system under time-of-use rates. Electrical Power & Energy systems, 22, 367-373.
191. Tsay, M. T., Lin, W. M., & Lee, J. L. (2001a). Interactive best-compromise approach for operation dispatch of cogeneration systems. IEEE proc. Generation, Transmission. Distribution, 148(4), 326-332. doi:10.1049/ip-gtd:20010163
192. Tsay, M.T., Lin, W.M., & Lee, J. L. (2001b). Application of evolutionary programming for economical dispatch of cogeneration system under emission constraints. Electrical Power & Energy systems, 23, 805-812.
193. Tsikalakis, A. G., & Hatziargyriou, N. D. (2008). Centralized Control for Optimizing Microgrids Operation. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 23(1), 241-248. doi:10.1109/TEC.2007.914686
194. Tsukada, T., Tamura, T., Kitagawa, S., & Fukuyama, Y. (2003). Optimal operational planning for cogeneration system using particle swarm optimization. Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium (pp. 138-143).
195. Tzeng, G. H., Shiau, T. A., & Lin, C. Y. (1992). Application of multicriteria decision making to the evaluation of new energy system development in taiwan. Energy, 17, 983-992. doi:10.1016/03605442(92)90047-4
196. Uche, J., Serra, L., & Sanz, A. (2004). Integration of desalination with cold-heat-power production in the agro-food industry. Desalination, 166, 379-391. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2004.06.093
197. Ummels, B. C., Gibescu, M., Pelgrum, E., Kling, W. L., & Brand, A. J. (2007). Impacts of wind power on thermal generation unit commitment and dispatch. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 22, 44-51. doi:10.1109/TEC.2006.889616
198. Vasebi, A., Fesanghary, M., & Bathaee, S.M.T. (2007). Combined heat and power economic dispatch by harmony search algorithm. Electrical power & Energy system, 29, 713-719.
199. Venkatesh, B. N. (1995). Decision models for management of cogeneration plants. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 10, 1250-1256. doi:10.1109/59.466530
200. Ventosa, M., Baillo, A., Ramos, A., & Rivier, M. (2005). Electricity market modeling trends. Energy Policy, 33, 897-913. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2003.10.013
201. Voorspools, K.R. & D'haeseleer, W.D. (2003). Long-term unit commitment optimization for large power systems: unit decommitment versus advanced priority listing. Applied Energy, 76, 157-167. doi:10.1016/S0306-2619(03)00057-6
202. Wang, J., Jing, Y., Zhang, C., Shi, G., & Zhang, X. (2008). A fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model for trigeneration system. Energy Policy, 36(10), 3823-3832. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.07.002
203. Wang, L., & Singh, C. (2007). Environmental/economic power dispatch using a fuzzified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. Electric Power Systems Research, 77, 1654-1664. doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2006.11.012
204. Wang, L., & Singh, C. (2008). Stochastic combined heat and power dispatch based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization. Electrical power & Energy system, 30, 226-234.
205. Wang, S., Liu, C., & Luu, S. (1994). A Negotiation methodology and its application to Cogeneration Planning. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 9, 869-875. doi:10.1109/59.317661
206. Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Jin, H. (2007). A novel polygeneration system integrating the acetylene production process and fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 32(16), 4030-4039. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.03.018
207. Weber, C., Marechal, F., Favrat, D., & Kraines, S. (2006). Optimization of an SOFC-based decentralized polygeneration system for providing energy services in an office-building in Tokyo. Applied Thermal Engineering, 26, 1409-1419. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.05.031
208. th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power systems, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, June 11-15, 2006.
209. Wong, K. P. (2002). Recent development and application of evolutionary optimisation techniques in power systems. Proceedings of International Conference on Power System Technology, 1, 1-5. doi:10.1109/ICPST.2002.1053493
210. Wong, K. P., & Algie, C. (2002). Evolutionary programming approach for combined heat and power dispatch. Electric Power Systems Research, 61, 227-232. doi:10.1016/S0378-7796(02)00028-7
211. Wu, D. W., & Wang, R. Z. (2006). Combined cooling, heating and power: A review. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 32, 459-495. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2006.02.001
212. Wu, T., Shieh, S., Jang, S., & Liu, C. (2005). Optimal energy management integration for a petrochemical plant under considerations of uncertain power supplies. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 20(3), 1431-1439. doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2005.852063
213. Wu, Y. J., & Rosen, W. A. (1999). Assessing and optimizing the economic and environmental impacts of cogeneration/district energy systems using an energy equilibrium model. Applied Energy, 62, 141-154. doi:10.1016/S0306-2619(99)00007-0
214. Zadeh, L. A. (1978). Fuzzy sets a basis for a theory of possibility. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1, 3-28. doi:10.1016/0165-0114(78)90029-5
215. Zhou, P., Ang, B. W., & Poh, K. L. (2006). Decision analysis in energy and environmental modeling: An update. Energy, 31, 2604-2622. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2005.10.023