Context and explicit threat cue modulation of the startle reflex: Preliminary evidence of distinctions between adolescents with principal fear disorders versus distress disorders

Psychiatry Research

Volumn 217, Issue 1-2, 2014, Pages 93-99

  Waters, Allison M ^b   Nazarian, Maria ^a   Mineka, Susan ^c   Zinbarg, Richard E ^c   Griffith, James W ^c   Naliboff, Bruce ^a,d   Ornitz, Edward M ^a   Craske, Michelle G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d VA GREATER LOS ANGELES HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescents; Distress disorders; Fear disorders; Startle reflexes

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; AVERSION; BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DISTRESS SYNDROME; DYSTHYMIA; FEAR; FEMALE; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; NEUROMODULATION; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; PHOBIA; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SOCIAL PHOBIA; STARTLE REFLEX; VIOLENCE; ANXIETY; ASSOCIATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY;

ADOLESCENT; ANXIETY; ANXIETY DISORDERS; CUES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PHOBIC DISORDERS; REFLEX, STARTLE; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC;

EID: 84899974944     PISSN: 01651781     EISSN: 18727123     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.047     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Allen N.B., Trinder J., Brennan C. Affective startle modulation in clinical depression: preliminary findings. Biological Psychiatry 1999, 46:542-550.
2. Baker A.G., Mercier P., Gabel J., Baker P.A. Contextual conditioning and the US pre-exposure effect in conditioned fear. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 1981, 7:109-128.
3. Bittner A., Egger H.L., Erkanli A., Costello E., Foley D.L., Angold A. What do childhood anxiety disorders predict?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2007, 48:1174-1183.
4. Clark L.A., Watson D. Distress and fear disorders: an alternative empirically based taxonomy of the 'mood' and 'anxiety' disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry 2006, 189:481-483.
5. Craske M.G. The R-DOC Initiative: science and practice. Depression and Anxiety 2012, 29:253-256.
6. Craske M.G., Waters A.M. Panic disorder, phobias, and generalised anxiety disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2005, 1:197-225.
7. Craske M.G., Waters A.M., Nazarian M., Mineka S., Zinbarg R.E., Griffith J.W., Ornitz E.M. Does neuroticism in adolescents moderate contextual and explicit threat cue modulation of the startle reflex?. Biological Psychiatry 2009, 65:220-226.
8. Craske M.G., Wolitsky-Taylor K., Zinbarg R., Mineka S., Waters A.M., Naliboff B., Ornitz E. Elevated responding to safety cues as a specific risk factor for anxiety versus depressive disorders: evidence from a longitudinal investigation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2012, 121:315-324.
9. Cuthbert B.N., Lang P.J., Strauss C., Drobes D., Patrick C.J., Bradley M.M. The psychophysiology of anxiety disorder: fear memory imagery. Psychophysiology 2003, 40:407-422.
10. Davis M., Schlesinger L.S., Sorenson C.A. Temporal specificity of fear conditioning: effects of different conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus intervals on the fear-potentiated startle effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology and Animal Behavior Processes 1989, 15:295-310.
11. de Jong P.J., Merckelbach H., Arntz A. Eyeblink startle responses in spider phobics before and after treatment: a pilot study. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 1991, 13:213-223.
12. de Jongh R., Groenink L., van der Gugten J., Olivier B. Light-enhanced and fear-potentiated startle: temporal characteristics and effects of alpha-helical corticotropin-releasing hormone. Biological Psychiatry 2003, 54:1041-1048.
13. Di Nardo P.A., Barlow D.H. Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Revised (ADIS-R) 1988, Center for Stress and Anxiety Disorders, Albany, New York.
14. First M.B., Spitzer R.L., Miriam G., Williams J.B.W. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition (SCID-I/NP) 2002, Biometrics Research. New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York.
15. Forbes E.E., Miller A., Cohn J.F., Fox N.A., Kovacs M. Affect-modulated startle in adults with childhood-onset depression: relations to bipolar course and number of lifetime depressive episodes. Psychiatry Research 2005, 134:11-25.
16. Globisch J., Hamm A.O., Esteves F., Ohman A. Fear appears fast: temporal course of startle reflex potentiation in animal fearful subjects. Psychophysiology 1999, 36:66-75.
17. Graham F.K. Distinguishing among orienting, defense, and startle reflexes. The Orienting Reflex in Humans 1979, 137-167. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. H.D. Kimmel, E.H. van Olst, J.E. Orlebeke (Eds.).
18. Grillon C., Ameli R., Goddard A., Woods S.W., Davis M. Baseline and fear-potentiated startle in panic disorder patients. Biological Psychiatry 1994, 35:431-439.
19. Grillon C., Southwick S.M., Charney D.S. The psychobiological basis of posttraumatic stress disorder. Molecular Psychiatry 1996, 1:278-297.
20. Grillon C., Baas J. A review of the modulation of the startle reflex by affective states and its application in psychiatry. Clinical Neurophysiology 2003, 114:1557-1579.
21. Grillon C., Lissek S., Rabin S., McDowell D., Dvir S., Pine D.S. Increased anxiety during anticipation of unpredictable but not predictable aversive stimuli as a psychophysiologic marker of panic disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 2008, 165:898-904.
22. Grillon C., Franco-Chaves J.A., Mateus C.F., Ionescu D.F., Zarate C.A. Major depression is not associated with blunting of aversive responses: evidence for enhanced anxious anticipation. PLoS One 2013, 8(8):e70969.
23. Insel T.R., Cuthbert B.N. Endophenotypes: bridging genomic complexity and disorder heterogeneity. Biological Psychiatry 2009, 66:988-989.
24. Kashani J.H., Orvaschel H. A community study of anxiety in children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry 1990, 147:313-318.
25. Kaviani H., Gray J.A., Checkley S.A., Raven P.W., Wilson G.D., Kumari V. Affective modulation of the startle response in depression: influence of the severity of depression, anhedonia, and anxiety. Journal of Affective Disorders 2004, 83:21-31.
26. Kendler K.S. Major depression and generalised anxiety disorder: same genes, (partly) different environments-revisited. British Journal of Psychiatry 1996, 168(Suppl. 30):S68-S75.
27. Kendler K.S., Prescott C.A., Myers J., Neale M.C. The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for common psychiatric and substance use disorders in men and women. Archives of General Psychiatry 2003, 60:929-937.
28. Krueger R.F., Markon K.E. Reinterpreting comorbidity: a model-based approach to understanding and classifying psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2006, 2:111-133.
29. Kumari V., Kaviani H., Raven P.W., Gray J.A., Checkley S.A. Enhanced startle reactions to acoustic stimuli in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 2001, 158:134-136.
30. Lahey B.B., Rathouz P.J., Van Hulle C., Urbano R., Krueger R.F., Applegate B., Waldman I.D. Testing structural models of DSM-IV symptoms of common forms of child and adolescent psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2008, 36:187-206.
31. Lang P.J., McTeague L.M., Cuthbert B.N. Fear, anxiety, depression, and the anxiety disorder spectrum: a psychophysiological analysis. Psychological Clinical Science: Papers in Honor of Richard M. McFall 2007, 167-195. Psychology Press, New York. T.M. Treat, R.R. Bootzin, T.B. Baker (Eds.).
32. Lissek S., Powers A.S., McClure E.B., Phelps E.A., Woldehawariat G., Grillon C., Pine D.S. Classical fear conditioning in the anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2005, 43:1391-1424.
33. Lissek S., Pine D., Grillon C. The strong situation: a potential impediment to studying the psychobiology and pharmacology of anxiety disorders. Biological Psychology 2006, 72:265-270.
34. Lissek S., Rabin S.J., McDowell D.J., Dvir S., Bradford D.E., Geraci M., Pine D.S., Grillon C. Impaired discriminative fear-conditioning resulting from elevated fear responding to learned safety cues among individuals with panic disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2009, 47:111-118.
35. Lissek S. Towards an account of clinical anxiety predicted on basic, neurally-mapped mechanisms of Pavlovian fear-learning: The case for conditioned overgeneralisation. Depression and Anxiety 2012, 29:257-263.
36. Lissek S., Kaczkurkin A.N., Rabin S., Geraci M., Pine D.S., Grillon C. Generalised anxiety disorder is associated with overgeneralization of classically conditioned fear. Biological Psychiatry 2013, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.07.025.
37. McTeague L.M., Lang P.J., Laplante M.-C., Cuthbert B.N., Strauss C.C., Bradley M.M. Fearful imagery in social phobia: generalization, comorbidity, and physiological reactivity. Biological Psychiatry 2009, 65:374-382.
38. McTeague L.M., Lang P.J., Laplante M.-C., Bradley M.M. Aversive imagery in panic disorder: agoraphobia severity, comorbidity, and defensive physiology. Biological Psychiatry 2011, 70:415-424.
39. McTeague L.M., Lang P.J., Wangelin B.C., Laplante M.-C., Bradley M.M. Defensive mobilization in specific phobia: fear specificity, negative affectivity, and diagnostic prominence. Biological Psychiatry 2012, 72:8-11.
40. Mathews R.R.S., Hall W.D., Vos T., Patton G.C., Degenhardt L. What are the major drivers of prevalent disability burden in young Australians?. The Medical Journal of Australia 2011, 194:232-235.
41. Melzig C.A., Weike A.I., Zimmermann J., Hammn A.O. Startle reflex modulation and autonomic responding during anxious apprehension in PD patients. Psychophysiology 2007, 44:846-854.
42. Morgan C.A., Grillon C., Southwick S.M., Davis M. Fear-potentiated startle in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry 1995, 36:378-385.
43. Nesse R.M. Is depression an adaptation?. Archives of General Psychiatry 2000, 57:14-20.
44. Neumann D.L., Waters A.M. The use of an unpleasant sound as an unconditional stimulus in a human Pavlovian conditioning procedure. Biological Psychology 2006, 73:175-185.
45. Pole N. The psychophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 2007, 133:725-746.
46. Pole N., Neylan T.C., Otte C., Henn-Hasse C., Metzler T.J., Marmar C.R. Prospective prediction of PTSD symptoms using fear-potentiated auditory startle responses. Biological Psychiatry 2009, 65:235-240.
47. Prenoveau J.M., Zinbarg R.E., Craske M.G., Mineka S., Griffith J.W. Testing a hierarchical model of anxiety and depression in adolescents: a tri-level model. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2010, 24:334-344.
48. Ray W.J., Molnar C., Aikins D., Yamasaki A., Newman M.G., Castonguay L., Borkovec T.D. Startle response in generalised anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety 2009, 26:147-154.
49. Rottenberg J., Gross J.J., Gotlib I.H. Emotion context insensitivity in major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2005, 114:627-639.
50. Salum G.A., Mogg K., Bradley B.P., Gadelha A., Pan P., Tamanaha A.C., Pine D.S. Threat bias in attention orienting: evidence of specificity in a large community-based study. Psychological Medicine 2013, 43:733-745.
51. Seeley J.R., Kosty D.B., Farmer R.F., Lewinsohn P.M. The modeling of internalising disorders on the basis of patterns of lifetime comorbidity. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2011, 120:308-321.
52. Shankman S.A., Nelson B.D., Sarapas C., Robison-Andrew E.J., Campbell M.L., Altman S.E., McGowan S.K., Katz A.C., Gorka S.M. A psychophysiological investigation of threat and reward sensitivity in individuals with panic disorder and/or major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2013, 122:322-338.
53. Sutton J.M., Mineka S., Zinbarg R.E., Craske M.G., Griffith J.W., Rose R.D., Waters A.M., Nazarian M., Mor N. The relationships of personality and cognitive styles with self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2011, 35:381-393.
54. Taylor-Clift A., Morris B.H., Rottenberg J., Kovacs M. Emotion-modulated startle in anxiety disorders is blunted by co-morbid depressive episodes. Psychological Medicine 2011, 41:129-139.
55. Vaidyanathan U., Patrick C.J., Bernat E.M. Startle reflex potentiation during aversive picture viewing as an indicator of trait fear. Psychophysiology 2009, 46:75-85.
56. Vaidyanathan U., Patrick C.J., Cuthbert B.N. Linking dimensional models of internalising psychopathology to neurobiological systems: affect-modulated startle as an indicator of fear and distress disorders and affiliated traits. Psychological Bulletin 2009, 135:909-942.
57. Vaidyanathan U., Nelson L.D., Patrick C.J. Clarifying domains of internalising psychopathology using neurophysiology. Psychological Medicine 2012, 42:447-459.
58. Verduin T.L., Kendall P. Peer perceptions and liking of children with anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2007, 36:459-469.
59. Vrana S.R., Constantine J.A., Westman J.S. Startle reflex modification as an outcome measure in the treatment of phobia. Behavioral Assessment 1992, 14:279-291.
60. Waters A.M., Bradley B.P., Mogg K. Biased attention to threat in paediatric anxiety disorders (generalised anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, separation anxiety disorder) as a function of 'distress' versus 'fear' diagnostic categorization. Psychological Medicine 2014, 44(3):607-616.
61. Waters A.M., Peters R., Forrest K., Zimmer-Gembeck M. Fear acquisition and extinction in offspring of anxious and depressed mothers. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 2014, 7:30-42.
62. Watson D. Rethinking mood and anxiety disorders: a quantitative hierarchical model for DSM-V. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2005, 114:522-536.
63. Watson D., Clark L.A., Weber K., Assenheimer J.S., Strauss M.E., McCormick R.A. Testing a tripartite model: II. Exploring the symptom structure of anxiety and depression in student, adult, and patient samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1995, 104:15-25.
64. Watson D., Clark L.A., Weber K., Assenheimer J.S., Strauss M.E., McCormick R.A. Testing a tripartite model: I. Evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of anxiety and depression symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1995, 104:3-14.
65. Zinbarg R.E., Mineka S., Craske M.G., Griffith J.W., Sutton J., Rose R.D., Waters A.M. The Northwestern-UCLA youth emotion project: associations of cognitive vulnerabilities, neuroticism and gender with past diagnoses of emotional disorders in adolescents. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2010, 48:347-358.