Affective startle modulation in clinical depression: Preliminary findings

Biological Psychiatry

Volumn 46, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 542-550

  Allen, Nicholas B ^a   Trinder, John ^a   Brennan, Catherine ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Affective pictures; Appetitive motivation; Aversive motivation; Depression; Psychophysiology; Startle reflex

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; EYELID REFLEX; FEMALE; FRUSTRATION; GENDER; GROUP DYNAMICS; HUMAN; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY; STARTLE REFLEX;

ACOUSTIC STIMULATION; ADULT; AFFECT; BLINKING; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; STARTLE REACTION;

EID: 0032798168     PISSN: 00063223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00025-6     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd ed. revised. 1987;APA, Washington, DC.
2. Beck A.T., Epstein N., Brown G., Steer R.A. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 56:1988;893-897.
3. Beck A.T., Steer R.A. Beck Depression Inventory Manual. 1987;Harcourt Brace Janovich, San Antonio.
4. Berg W.K., Davis M. Diazepam blocks fear-enhanced startle elicited electrically from the brainstem. Physiol Behav. 32:1984;333-336.
5. Bradley M.M., Cuthbert B.N., Lang P.J. Startle reflex modification Attention or emotion? Psychophysiology. 27:1990;513-523.
6. Bradley M.M., Drobes D., Lange P.J. A probe for all reasons Reflex and RT measures in perception . Psychophysiology. 33:1996;S25. Abstract.
7. Casella J.V., Davis M. Fear enhanced acoustic startle is not attenuated by acute or chronic imipramine treatment in rats. Psychopharmacology. 87:1985;278-282.
8. Chapman L.J., Chapman J.P., Raulin M.L. Scales for physical and social anhedonia. J Abnorm Psychol. 85:1976;374-382.
9. Clark D.A., Steer R.A., Beck A.T. Common and specific dimensions of self-reported anxiety and depression Implications for the cognitive and tripartite models . J Abnorm Psychol. 103:1994;645-654.
10. Clark L.A., Watson D. Tripartite model of anxiety and depression Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications . J Abnorm Psychol. 100:1991;316-336.
11. Cleckley H. The Mask of Sanity. 3rd ed. 1955;Mosby, St. Louis, MO.
12. Cook E.W. VPM Reference Manual. 1995;University Alabama, Birmingham.
13. Cook E.W., Davis T.L., Hawk L.W., Spence E.L., Gautier C.H. Fearfulness and startle potentiation during aversive visual stimuli. Psychophysiology. 29:1992;633-645.
14. Cook E.W., Gautier C.H. Emotion, startle, and individual differences A dimensional analysis . Psychophysiology. 29:1992;S5.
15. Cook E.W., Hawk L.W. Jr, Davis T.L., Stevenson V.E. Affective individual differences and startle reflex modulation. J Abnorm Psychol. 100:1991;5-13.
16. The International Affective Picture System Photographic Slides . 1994;The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
17. Corr P.J., Wilson G.D., Fotiadou M., et al. Personality and affective modulation of the startle reflex. Personality and Individual Differences. 19:1995;543-553.
18. Costello C.G. Depression Loss of reinforcers or loss of reinforcer effectiveness . Behav Ther. 3:1972;240-247.
19. Davidson R.J. Anterior cerebral asymmetry and the nature of emotion. Brain Cogn. 20:1992;125-151.
20. Davis M. Neural systems involved in fear potentiated startle. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 563:1989;165-183.
21. Drobes D.J., Hillman C.H., Bradley M.M., Cuthbert B.N., Lang P.J. Effects of food deprivation on affective startle modulation and eating behavior. Psychophysiology. 32:1995;S28. Abstract.
22. Ehrlichman H., Brown S., Zhu J., Warrenburg S. Startle reflex modulation during exposure to pleasant and unpleasant odors. Psychophysiology. 32:1995;150-154.
23. Filion D.L., Dawson M.E., Schell A.M. The psychological significance of human startle eyeblink modification A review . Biol Psychol. 47:1988;1-43.
24. Fowles D.C. Psychophysiology and psychopathology A motivational approach . Psychophysiology. 25:1988;373-391.
25. Gatchel R.J., McKinney M.E., Koebernick L.F. Learned helplessness, depression, and physiological responding. Psychophysiology. 14:1977;25-31.
26. Gray J.A. Framework for a taxonomy of psychiatric disorder. Van Goozen S.H.M., Van de Poll N.E., Sergeant J.A. Emotions Essays on Emotion Theory . 1994;29-59 Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
27. Greenwald M.K., Bradley M.M., Cuthbert B.N., Lang P.J. Fear and loathing Startle reflex and visceral response . Psychophysiology. 28:1991;S26. Abstract.
28. Henriques J.B., Glowacki J.M., Davidson R.J. Reward fails to alter response bias in depression. J Abnorm Psychol. 103:1994;460-466.
29. Hodes R.L., Cook E.W., Lang P.J. Individual difference in autonomic response Conditioned association or conditioned fear? Psychophysiology. 22:1985;545-560.
30. Jansen D.M., Frijda N.H. Modulation of acoustic startle response by film-induced fear and sexual arousal. Psychophysiology. 31:1994;565-571.
31. Kokkinidis L., McCarter B.K. Behavioral evidence implicating dopamine in sensorimotor arousal and norepinephrine and the sedative effects of antidepressant drugs. Psychopharmacology. 100:1990;542-547.
32. Krantz S., Gallagher-Thompson D. Depression and information valence influence depressive cognition. Cogn Ther Res. 14:1990;95-108.
33. Lang P.J., Bradley M.M., Cuthbert B.N. Motivated attention Affect, activation, and action . Lang P.J., Simons R.F., Balaban M.T. Attention and Orienting Sensory and Motivational Processes . 1997;97-135 LEA, Mahwah, NJ.
34. Lang P.J., Bradley M.M., Cuthbert B.N. A motivational analysis of emotion Reflex-cortex connections . Psychol Sci. 3:1992;44-49.
35. Lewinsohn P.M., Bobitz W.C., Wilson S. "Sensitivity" of depressed individuals to aversive stimuli. J Abnorm Psychol. 81:1973;259-263.
36. Lewinsohn P.M., Youngren M.A., Grosscup S.J. Reinforcement and depression. Depue R.A. The Psychobiology of the Depressive Disorders Implications for the Effects of Stress . 1979;291-315 Academic Press, New York.
37. Patrick C.J. Emotion and psychopathy Startling new insights . Psychophysiology. 31:1994;319-330.
38. Patrick C.J., Berthot B.D., Moore J.D. Diazepam blocks fear-potentiated startle in humans. J Abnorm Psychol. 105:1996;89-96.
39. Patrick C.J., Bradley M.M., Lang P.J. Emotion in the criminal psychopath Startle reflex modulation . J Abnorm Psychol. 102:1993;82-92.
40. Schupp H.T., Cuthbert B.N., Bradley M.M., Birbaumer N., Lang P.J. Probe P300 and blinks Two measures of affective startle modulation . Psychophysiology. 34:1997;1-6.
41. Schwartz G.E., Fair P.L., Salt P., Mandel M.R., Klerman G.L. Facial muscle patterning to affective imagery in depressed and nondepressed subjects. Science. 192:1976;489-491.
42. Snaith P. Anhedonia A neglected symptom in psychopathology . Psychol Med. 23:1993;957-966.
43. Spitzer R.L., Williams J.B.W., Gibbon M., First M.B. User's Guide for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. 1990;American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC.
44. Steer R.A., Clark D.A., Beck A.T., Ranieri W.F. Common and specific dimensions of self reported anxiety and depression A replication . J Abnorm Psychol. 104:1995;542-545.
45. Tassinary L.G., Cacioppo J.T. Unobservable facial actions and emotion. Psychol Sci. 3:1992;28-33.
46. Vrana S.R., Spence E.L., Lang P.J. The startle probe response A new measure of emotion? J Abnorm Psychol. 97:1988;487-491.
47. Wagner A.R. Conditioned frustration as a learned drive. J Exper Psychol. 66:1963;142-148.
48. Watson D., Clark L.A., Carey G. Positive and negative affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders. J Abnorm Psychol. 97:1988;346-353.
49. Wilkinson I.M., Blackburn I.M. Cognitive style in depressed and recovered depressed patients. Br J Clin Psychol. 20:1981;283-292.