Needle contamination in the setting of intravitreal injections

Retina

Volumn 34, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 929-934

  Friedman, Duncan A ^a   Lindquist, T Peter ^a   Mason, John O ^a   McGwin, Gerald ^a  

^a NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Endophthalmitis; Injection; Intravitreal

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ASSAY; BACTERIUM CONTAMINATION; BREATHING; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COLONY FORMING UNIT; CONTROLLED STUDY; EQUIPMENT CONTAMINATION; HUMAN; INCUBATION TIME; INTRAVITREAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; MOUTH; MOUTH MUCOSA; NEEDLE; PHYSICIAN; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; SPEECH; BACTERIA; BACTERIAL COUNT; DEVICES; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MEDICAL DEVICE CONTAMINATION; MICROBIOLOGY;

BACTERIA; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; EQUIPMENT CONTAMINATION; HUMANS; INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS; MOUTH MUCOSA; NEEDLES; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RESPIRATION; RISK FACTORS; SPEECH;

EID: 84899938674     PISSN: 0275004X     EISSN: 15392864     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000067     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Shah CP, Garg SJ, Vander JF, et al. Outcomes and risk factors associated with endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. Ophthalmology 2011;118:2028-2034.
2. Brown DM, Michels M, Kaiser PK, et al. Ranibizumab versus verteporfin photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year results of the ANCHOR study. Ophthalmology 2009;116:57-65. e5.
3. Bressler NM, Chang TS, Fine JT, et al. Improved visionrelated function after ranibizumab vs photodynamic therapy: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:13-21.
4. Campochiaro PA, Heier JS, Feiner L, et al. Ranibizumab for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: sixmonth primary end point results of a phase III study. Ophthalmology 2010;117:1102-1112. e1.
5. Varma R, Bressler NM, Suñer I, et al. Improved vision-related function after ranibizumab for macular edema after retinal vein occlusion: results from the BRAVO and CRUISE trials. Ophthalmology 2012;119:2108-2118.
6. Elman MJ, Aiello LP, Beck RW, et al. Randomized trial evaluating ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2010;117:1064-1077. e35.
7. Elman MJ, Qin H, Aiello LP, et al. Intravitreal ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema with prompt versus deferred laser treatment: three-year randomized trial results. Ophthalmology 2012;119:2312-2318.
8. Cunningham ET, Adamis AP, Altaweel M, et al. A phase II randomized double-masked trial of pegaptanib, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor aptamer, for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2005;112:1747-1757.
9. Heier JS, Brown DM, Chong V, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept (VEGF trap-eye) in wet age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2012;119:2537-2548.
10. de Smet MD, Gandorfer A, Stalmans P, et al. Microplasmin intravitreal administration in patients with vitreomacular traction scheduled for vitrectomy: the MIVI I trial. Ophthalmology 2009;116:1349-1355.
11. Stalmans P, Delaey C, de Smet MD, et al. Intravitreal injection of microplasmin for treatment of vitreomacular adhesion: results of a prospective, randomized, sham-controlled phase II trial (the MIVI-IIT trial). Retina 2010;30:1122-1127.
12. Stalmans P, Benz MS, Gandorfer A, et al. Enzymatic vitreolysis with ocriplasmin for vitreomacular traction and macular holes. N Engl J Med 2012;367:606-615.
13. Boyer DS, Heier JS, Brown DM, et al. A Phase IIIb study to evaluate the safety of ranibizumab in subjects with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2009;116: 1731-1739.
14. Boyer D, Heier J, Brown DM, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor Trap-Eye for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: six-month results of the phase 3 COPERNICUS study. Ophthalmology 2012;119:1024-1032.
15. Brown DM, Heier JS, Clark WL, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept injection for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: 1-year results from the phase 3 COPERNICUS study. Am J Ophthalmol 2013;155:429-437. e7.
16. Do DV, Nguyen QD, Boyer D, et al. One-year outcomes of the Da VINCI study of VEGF trap-eye in eyes with diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2012;119:1658-1665.
17. Heier JS, Boyer D, Nguyen QD, et al. The 1-year results of CLEAR-IT 2, a phase 2 study of vascular endothelial growth factor trap-eye dosed as-needed after 12-week fixed dosing. Ophthalmology 2011;118:1098-1106.
18. Nguyen QD, Shah SM, Heier JS, et al. Primary end point (six months) results of the ranibizumab for edema of the mAcula in diabetes (READ-2) study. Ophthalmology 2009;116:2175-2181. e1.
19. Rosenfeld PJ, Brown DM, Heier JS, et al. Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2006;355:1419-1431.
20. Friedman DS, O'Colmain BJ, Muñoz B, et al. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:564-572.
21. Ramulu PY, Do DV, Corcoran KJ, et al. Use of retinal procedures in medicare beneficiaries from 1997 to 2007. Arch Ophthalmol 2010;128:1335-1340.
22. Mason JO, White MF, Feist RM, et al. Incidence of acute onset endophthalmitis following intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) injection. Retina 2008;28:564-567.
23. McCannel C. Meta-Analysis of endophthalmitis after intravireal injection of anti-VEGF agents: causative organisms and prevention strategies. ASRS 28th Annual Meeting Vancouver, BC, Canada 2010.
24. Chen E, Lin MY, Cox J, Brown DM. Endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection: the importance of viridans streptococci. Retina 2011;31:1525-1533.
25. Scott IU, Flynn HW. The role of topical antibiotic prophylaxis for intravitreal injections. Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125:974-976.
26. de Caro JJ, Ta CN, Ho HK, et al. Bacterial contamination of ocular surface and needles in patients undergoing intravitreal injections. Retina 2008;28:877-883.
27. Wen JC, McCannel CA, Mochon AB, Garner OB. Bacterial dispersal associated with speech in the setting of intravitreous injections. Arch Ophthalmol 2011;129:1551-1554.
28. Doshi RR, Leng T, Fung AE. Reducing oral flora contamination of intravitreal injections with face mask or silence. Retina 2012;32:473-476.
29. Goldberg RA, Flynn HW, Isom RF, et al. An outbreak of streptococcus endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Am J Ophthalmol 2012;153:204-208. e1.
30. Dong Q, Brulc JM, Iovieno A, et al. Diversity of bacteria at healthy human conjunctiva. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:5408-5413.
31. Chung JL, Seo KY, Yong DE, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of conjunctival bacterial isolates from refractive surgery patients. Ophthalmology 2009;116:1067-1074.
32. Hautala N, Koskela M, Hautala T. Major age group-specific differences in conjunctival bacteria and evolution of antimicrobial resistance revealed by laboratory data surveillance. Curr Eye Res 2008;33:907-911.
33. Ta CN, He L, Mino de Kaspar H. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of preoperative normal conjunctival bacteria. Eye (Lond) 2009;23:559-560.
34. Liu DT, Hui M, Lam DS, Chan WM. Effect of prophylactic antibiotics on antimicrobial resistance of viridans streptococci in the normal flora of cataract surgery patients. J Cataract Refract Surg 2005;31:649-650.
35. Cornut PL, Thuret G, Creuzot-Garcher C, et al. Relationship between baseline clinical data and microbiologic spectrum in 100 patients with acute postcataract endophthalmitis. Retina 2012;32:549-557.
36. Baer ET. Iatrogenic meningitis: the case for face masks. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:519-521.
37. de Jong J, Barrs AC. Lumbar myelography followed by meningitis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992;13:74-75.
38. Sherertz RJ, Reagan DR, Hampton KD, et al. A cloud adult: the Staphylococcus aureus-virus interaction revisited. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:539-547.
39. Philips BJ, Fergusson S, Armstrong P, et al. Surgical face masks are effective in reducing bacterial contamination caused by dispersal from the upper airway. Br J Anaesth 1992;69:407-408.
40. Ransjö U. Masks: a ward investigation and review of the literature. J Hosp Infect 1986;7:289-294.
41. Black SR, Weinstein RA. The case for face masks-zorro or zero? Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:522-523.
42. Inoue M, Kobayakawa S, Sotozono C, et al. Evaluation of the incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor. Ophthalmologica 2011; 226:145-150.
43. Lyall DA, Tey A, Foot B, et al. Post-intravitreal anti-VEGF endophthalmitis in the United Kingdom: incidence, features, risk factors, and outcomes. Eye (Lond) 2012;26: 1517-1526.
44. Diago T, McCannel CA, Bakri SJ, et al. Infectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of antiangiogenic agents. Retina 2009;29:601-605.
45. Bhala S, Narang S, Sood S, et al. Microbial contamination in open globe injury. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012;4:84-89.
46. de Kaspar HM, Kreidl KO, Singh K, Ta CN. Comparison of preoperative conjunctival bacterial flora in patients undergoing glaucoma or cataract surgery. J Glaucoma 2004;13:507-509.
47. Groden LR, Murphy B, Rodnite J, Genvert GI. Lid flora in blepharitis. Cornea 1991;10:50-53.
48. Alexandrou TJ, Hariprasad SM, Benevento J, et al. Reduction of preoperative conjunctival bacterial flora with the use of mupirocin nasal ointment. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2006;104:196-201.
49. Ariyasu RG, Nakamura T, Trousdale MD, Smith RE. Intraoperative bacterial contamination of the aqueous humor. Ophthalmic Surg 1993;24:367-373; discussion 73-4.
50. Ciulla TA, Starr MB, Masket S. Bacterial endophthalmitis prophylaxis for cataract surgery: an evidence-based update. Ophthalmology 2002;109:13-24.
51. Aiello LP, Brucker AJ, Chang S, et al. Evolving guidelines for intravitreous injections. Retina 2004;24:S3-S19.
52. Speaker MG, Menikoff JA. Prophylaxis of endophthalmitis with topical povidone-iodine. Ophthalmology 1991;98:1769-1775.
53. Pilli S, Kotsolis A, Spaide RF, et al. Endophthalmitis associated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy injections in an office setting. Am J Ophthalmol 2008;145:879-882.
54. Apt L, Isenberg SJ, Yoshimori R, Spierer A. Outpatient topical use of povidone-iodine in preparing the eye for surgery. Ophthalmology 1989;96:289-292.
55. Bhavsar AR, Googe JM, Stockdale CR, et al. Risk of endophthalmitis after intravitreal drug injection when topical antibiotics are not required: the diabetic retinopathy clinical research network laser-ranibizumab-triamcinolone clinical trials. Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:1581-1583.
56. Binder CA, Miño de Kaspar H, Klauss V, Kampik A. [Preoperative infection prophylaxis with 1% polyvidon-iodine solution based on the example of conjunctival staphylococci]. Ophthalmologe 1999;96:663-667.
57. Caldwell DR, Kastl PR, Cook J, Simon J. Povidone-iodine: its efficacy as a preoperative conjunctival and periocular preparation. Ann Ophthalmol 1984;16:577.
58. Dereklis DL, Bufidis TA, Tsiakiri EP, Palassopoulos SI. Preoperative ocular disinfection by the use of povidone-iodine 5%. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1994;72:627-630.
59. Ferguson AW, Scott JA, McGavigan J, et al. Comparison of 5% povidone-iodine solution against 1% povidone-iodine solution in preoperative cataract surgery antisepsis: a prospective randomised double blind study. Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87:163-167.
60. Ta CN. Minimizing the risk of endophthalmitis following intravitreous injections. Retina 2004;24:699-705.
61. Wu PC, Li M, Chang SJ, et al. Risk of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery using different protocols for povidone- iodine preoperative disinfection. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2006;22:54-61.