메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2014, Pages

Evidence of an overweight/obesity transition among school-aged children and youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; BODY COMPOSITION; CHILD; HUMAN; JUVENILE; OBESITY; POPULATION RESEARCH; REVIEW; RURAL POPULATION; SCHOOL CHILD; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL STATUS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; UNDERWEIGHT; URBAN POPULATION; URBAN RURAL DIFFERENCE; ADOLESCENT; AGE; FEMALE; MALE; META ANALYSIS; OVERWEIGHT; PEDIATRIC OBESITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SOCIOECONOMICS;

EID: 84899898777     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092846     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (128)

References (312)
  • 2
    • 70350671279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of multiple chronic disease behavioral risk factors in Canadian children and adolescents
    • Alamian A, Paradis G (2009) Correlates of multiple chronic disease behavioral risk factors in Canadian children and adolescents. Am J Epidemiol 170: 1279-1289.
    • (2009) Am J Epidemiol , vol.170 , pp. 1279-1289
    • Alamian, A.1    Paradis, G.2
  • 3
    • 2342513326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and coronary heart disease
    • Batty D, Lee I (2004) Physical activity and coronary heart disease. BMJ 328: 1089-1090.
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.328 , pp. 1089-1090
    • Batty, D.1    Lee, I.2
  • 4
    • 41749105938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity, fitness, and obesity
    • Bouchard C, Blair S, Haskell W, editors. Champaign, III: Human Kinetics Inc.
    • Ross R, Janssen I (2007) Physical activity, fitness, and obesity. In: Bouchard C, Blair S, Haskell W, editors. Physical activity and health. Champaign, III: Human Kinetics Inc. pp. 173-190.
    • (2007) Physical Activity and Health , pp. 173-190
    • Ross, R.1    Janssen, I.2
  • 6
    • 0003772710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta, Georgia: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
    • US Department of Health and Human Services (1996) Physical activity and health: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Georgia: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
    • (1996) Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General
  • 9
    • 53549115537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifestyle and related risk factors for chronic diseases
    • Jamison DT, Feachem RG, Makgoba MW, et al., editors. 2nd edition. Washington, DC: World Bank. Available: Accessed 24 June 2013
    • Steyn K, Damasceno A (2006) Lifestyle and related risk factors for chronic diseases. In: Jamison DT, Feachem RG, Makgoba MW, et al., editors. Disease and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. 2nd edition. Washington, DC: World Bank. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2290/. Accessed 24 June 2013.
    • (2006) Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa
    • Steyn, K.1    Damasceno, A.2
  • 10
    • 78149256243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between general and central adiposity in childhood, and change in these, with cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence: Prospective cohort study
    • Lawlor D, Benfield L, Logue J, Tilling K, Howe L, et al. (2010) Association between general and central adiposity in childhood, and change in these, with cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence: prospective cohort study. BMJ 341: c6224.
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.341
    • Lawlor, D.1    Benfield, L.2    Logue, J.3    Tilling, K.4    Howe, L.5
  • 11
    • 79960255886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term impact of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence on morbidity and premature mortality in adulthood: Systematic review
    • (Lond)
    • Reilly J, Kelly J (2011) Long-term impact of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence on morbidity and premature mortality in adulthood: systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 35: 891-898.
    • (2011) Int J Obes , vol.35 , pp. 891-898
    • Reilly, J.1    Kelly, J.2
  • 12
    • 78149330579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of adolescent obesity with risk of severe obesity in adulthood
    • The NS, Suchindran C, North KE, Popkin BM, Gordon-Larsen P (2010) Association of adolescent obesity with risk of severe obesity in adulthood. JAMA 304: 2024-2027.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.304 , pp. 2024-2027
    • The, N.S.1    Suchindran, C.2    North, K.E.3    Popkin, B.M.4    Gordon-Larsen, P.5
  • 15
    • 0031754739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions
    • Downs SH, Black N (1998) The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health 52: 377-384. (Pubitemid 28438523)
    • (1998) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , vol.52 , Issue.6 , pp. 377-384
    • Downs, S.H.1    Black, N.2
  • 16
    • 0024824177 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive abilities of Kenyan children in relation to nutrition, family characteristics, and education
    • Sigman M, Neumann C, Jansen AA, Bwibo N (1989) Cognitive abilities of Kenyan children in relation to nutrition, family characteristics, and education. Child Dev 60: 1463-1474.
    • (1989) Child Dev , vol.60 , pp. 1463-1474
    • Sigman, M.1    Neumann, C.2    Jansen, A.A.3    Bwibo, N.4
  • 17
    • 0025105930 scopus 로고
    • A disappearing urban/rural blood pressure difference in Nigerian children: An evaluation of possible determining factors
    • Ekpo EB, Udofia O, Andy JJ (1990) A disappearing urban/rural blood pressure difference in Nigerian children: an evaluation of possible determining factors. Ann Trop Paediatr 10: 211-219. (Pubitemid 20245576)
    • (1990) Annals of Tropical Paediatrics , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-219
    • Ekpo, E.B.1    Udofia, O.2    Andy, J.J.3
  • 18
    • 0027018033 scopus 로고
    • Medical illness in school-age Kenyans in relation to nutrition, cognition, and playground behaviors
    • Neumann C, McDonald MA, Sigman M, Bwibo N (1992) Medical illness in school-age Kenyans in relation to nutrition, cognition, and playground behaviors. J Dev Behav Pediatr 13: 392-398.
    • (1992) J Dev Behav Pediatr , vol.13 , pp. 392-398
    • Neumann, C.1    McDonald, M.A.2    Sigman, M.3    Bwibo, N.4
  • 19
    • 0026517895 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and anthropometric and functional characteristics of mildly malnourished Senegalese children
    • Benefice E (1992) Physical activity and anthropometric and functional characteristics of mildly malnourished Senegalese children. Ann Trop Paediatr 12: 55-66.
    • (1992) Ann Trop Paediatr , vol.12 , pp. 55-66
    • Benefice, E.1
  • 21
    • 0026585666 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk factors in children from fifteen countries
    • Williams CL, Wyinder EL (1992) Cardiovascular risk factors in children from fifteen countries. Cardiovascular Risk Factors 2: 45-55.
    • (1992) Cardiovascular Risk Factors , vol.2 , pp. 45-55
    • Williams, C.L.1    Wyinder, E.L.2
  • 22
    • 0028412618 scopus 로고
    • Impact of a temporary food shortage on children and their mothers
    • McDonald MA, Sigman M, Espinosa MP, Neumann CG (1994) Impact of a temporary food shortage on children and their mothers. Child Dev 65: 404-415.
    • (1994) Child Dev , vol.65 , pp. 404-415
    • McDonald, M.A.1    Sigman, M.2    Espinosa, M.P.3    Neumann, C.G.4
  • 23
    • 0028245394 scopus 로고
    • Iron supplementation improves appetite and growth in anemic Kenyan primary school children
    • Lawless JW, Latham MC, Stephenson LS, Kinoti SN, Pertet AM (1994) Iron supplementation improves appetite and growth in anemic Kenyan primary school children. J Nutr 124: 645-654. (Pubitemid 24157284)
    • (1994) Journal of Nutrition , vol.124 , Issue.5 , pp. 645-654
    • Lawless, J.W.1    Latham, M.C.2    Stephenson, L.S.3    Kinoti, S.N.4    Pertet, A.M.5
  • 25
    • 0030187988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size, body composition and motor performances of mild-to-moderately undernourished Senegalese children
    • Benefice E, Malina R (1996) Body size, body composition and motor performances of mild-to-moderately undernourished Senegalese children. Ann Hum Biol 23: 307-321. (Pubitemid 126478299)
    • (1996) Annals of Human Biology , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 307-321
    • Benefice, E.1    Malina, R.2
  • 26
    • 0030664426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appendicular bone mass in children with a high prevalence of low dietary calcium intakes
    • Pettifor JM, Moodley GP (1997) Appendicular bone mass in children with a high prevalence of low dietary calcium intakes. J Bone Miner Res 12: 1824-1832. (Pubitemid 27500194)
    • (1997) Journal of Bone and Mineral Research , vol.12 , Issue.11 , pp. 1824-1832
    • Pettifor, J.M.1    Moodley, G.P.2
  • 28
    • 18744434636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity patterns of rural Senegalese adolescent girls during the dry and rainy seasons measured by movement registration and direct observation methods
    • Benefice E, Cames C (1999) Physical activity patterns of rural Senegalese adolescent girls during the dry and rainy seasons measured by movement registration and direct observation methods. Eur J Clin Nutr 53: 636-643. (Pubitemid 29396570)
    • (1999) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.53 , Issue.8 , pp. 636-643
    • Benefice, E.1    Cames, C.2
  • 30
    • 0032989471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth patterns among seminomadic pastoralists (Datoga) of Tanzania
    • Sellen DW (1999) Growth patterns among seminomadic pastoralists (Datoga) of Tanzania. Am J Phys Anthropol 109: 187-209.
    • (1999) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.109 , pp. 187-209
    • Sellen, D.W.1
  • 31
    • 0035141677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitual physical activity of Senegalese adolescent girls under different working conditions, as assessed by a questionnaire and movement registration
    • DOI 10.1080/03014460150201904
    • Garnier D, Benefice E (2001) Habitual physical activity of Senegalese adolescent girls under different working conditions, as assessed by a questionnaire and movement registration. Ann Hum Biol 28: 79-97. (Pubitemid 32108944)
    • (2001) Annals of Human Biology , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-97
    • Garnier, D.1    Benefice, E.2
  • 32
    • 0035183353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of habitual physical activity in West African adolescent girls and relationships to maturation, growth, and nutritional status: Results from a 3-year prospective study
    • DOI 10.1002/ajhb.1126
    • Benefice E, Garnier D, Ndiaye G (2001) High levels of habitual physical activity in West African adolescent girls and relationship to maturation, growth, and nutritional status: results from a 3-year prospective study. Am J Human Biol 13: 808-820. (Pubitemid 33085732)
    • (2001) American Journal of Human Biology , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 808-820
    • Benefice, E.1    Garnier, D.2    Ndiaye, G.3
  • 33
    • 0035082541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of physical activity among rural Senegalese adolescent girls: Influence of age, sexual maturation, and body composition
    • DOI 10.1016/S1054-139X(00)00201-9, PII S1054139X00002019
    • Benefice E, Garnier D, Ndiaye G (2001) Assessment of physical activity among rural Senegalese adolescent girls: influence of age, sexual maturation, and body composition. J Adolesc Health 28: 319-327. (Pubitemid 32238200)
    • (2001) Journal of Adolescent Health , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 319-327
    • Benefice, E.1    Garnier, D.2    Ndiaye, G.3
  • 34
    • 0036199255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and development of adolescent girls from the Segou Region of Mali (West Africa)
    • Pawloski LR (2002) Growth and development of adolescent girls from the Segou Region of Mali (West Africa). Am J Phys Anthropol 117: 364-372.
    • (2002) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.117 , pp. 364-372
    • Pawloski, L.R.1
  • 35
    • 6944238636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of maternal education versus cognitive test scores on child nutrition in Kenya
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ehb.2003.08.003
    • Bhargava A, Fox-Kean M (2003) The effects of maternal education versus cognitive test scores on child nutrition in Kenya. Econ Hum Biol 1: 309-319. (Pubitemid 40424596)
    • (2003) Economics and Human Biology , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 309-319
    • Bhargava, A.1    Fox-Kean, M.2
  • 37
    • 0141682819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the health and living conditions of migrant and non-migrant Senegalese adolescent girls on their nutritional status and growth
    • DOI 10.1079/PHN2003463
    • Garnier D, Simondon KB, Hoarau T, Benefice E (2003) Impact of the health and living conditions of migrant and non-migrant Senegalese adolescent girls on their nutritional status and growth. Public Health Nutr 6: 535-547. (Pubitemid 37185772)
    • (2003) Public Health Nutrition , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 535-547
    • Garnier, D.1    Simondon, K.B.2    Hoarau, T.3    Benefice, E.4
  • 38
    • 0242610847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food Supplements Have a Positive Impact on Weight Gain and the Addition of Animal Source Foods Increases Lean Body Mass of Kenyan Schoolchildren
    • Grillenberger M, Neumann CG, Murphy SP, Bwibo NO, van't VP, et al. (2003) Food supplements have a positive impact on weight gain and the addition of animal source foods increases lean body mass of Kenyan schoolchildren. J Nutr 133: 3957S-3964S. (Pubitemid 37392577)
    • (2003) Journal of Nutrition , vol.133 , Issue.11 SUPPL. 2
    • Grillenberger, M.1    Neumann, C.G.2    Murphy, S.P.3    Bwibo, N.O.4    Van't, V.P.5    Hautvast, J.G.A.J.6    West, C.E.7
  • 39
    • 0037340218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body composition of children in south-western Nigeria: Validation of bio-electrical impedance analysis
    • DOI 10.1179/000349803125002887
    • Leman CR, Adeyemo AA, Schoeller DA, Cooper RS, Luke A (2003) Body composition of children in south-western Nigeria: validation of bio-electrical impedance analysis. Ann Trop Paediatr 23: 61-67. (Pubitemid 36335886)
    • (2003) Annals of Tropical Paediatrics , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-67
    • Leman, C.R.1    Adeyemo, A.A.2    Schoeller, D.A.3    Cooper, R.S.4    Luke, A.5
  • 40
    • 0038541760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between arterial compliance and anthropometry of children from four ethnic groups in South Africa: The THUSA BANA study
    • DOI 10.1080/08037050310001075
    • Schutte AE, Huisman HW, van Rooyen JM, de Ridder JH, Malan NT (2003) Associations between arterial compliance and anthropometry of children from four ethnic groups in South Africa: the THUSA BANA Study. Blood Press 12: 97-103. (Pubitemid 36700691)
    • (2003) Blood Pressure , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-103
    • Schutte, A.E.1    Huisman, H.W.2    Van Rooyen, J.M.3    De Ridder, J.H.4    Malan, N.T.5
  • 41
    • 1942455310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body dimensions, exercise capacity and physical activity level of adolescent Nandi boys in western Kenya
    • DOI 10.1080/03014460410001663416
    • Larsen HB, Christensen DL, Nolan T, Sondergaard H (2004) Body dimensions, exercise capacity and physical activity level of adolescent Nandi boys in western Kenya. Ann Hum Biol 31: 159-173. (Pubitemid 38504186)
    • (2004) Annals of Human Biology , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-173
    • Larsen, H.B.1    Christensen, D.L.2    Nolan, T.3    Sondergaard, H.4
  • 42
    • 1342289720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional status, growth and sleep habits among Senegalese adolescent girls
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601781
    • Benefice E, Garnier D, Ndiaye G (2004) Nutritional status, growth and sleep habits among Senegalese adolescent girls. Eur J Clin Nutr 58: 292-301. (Pubitemid 38256584)
    • (2004) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 292-301
    • Benefice, E.1    Garnier, D.2    Ndiaye, G.3
  • 44
    • 4344635476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between physical activity and bone mass in black and white South African children at age 9 yr
    • DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00068.2004
    • McVeigh JA, Norris SA, Cameron N, Pettifor JM (2004) Associations between physical activity and bone mass in black and white South African children at age 9 yr. J Appl Physiol 97: 1006-1012. (Pubitemid 39121426)
    • (2004) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.97 , Issue.3 , pp. 1006-1012
    • McVeigh, J.A.1    Morris, S.A.2    Cameron, N.3    Pettifor, J.M.4
  • 45
    • 28844465082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic growth of a school-aged population from Mozambique: Trend and biosocial meaning
    • Prista A, Maia AJ, Saranga S, Nhantumbo L, Marques AT, et al. (2005) Somatic growth of a school-aged population from Mozambique: trend and biosocial meaning. Hum Biol 77: 457-470. (Pubitemid 41772673)
    • (2005) Human Biology , vol.77 , Issue.4 , pp. 457-470
    • Prista, A.1    Maia, A.J.R.2    Saranga, S.3    Nhantumbo, L.4    Marques, A.T.5    Beunen, G.6
  • 46
    • 22344455345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between anthropometry, cardiorespiratory fitness indices and physical activity levels in different age and sex groups in rural Senegal (West Africa)
    • DOI 10.1080/03014460500097336
    • Benefice E, Ndiaye G (2005) Relationships between anthropometry, cardiorespiratory fitness indices and physical activity levels in different age and sex groups in rural Senegal (West Africa). Ann Hum Biol 32: 366-382. (Pubitemid 40995691)
    • (2005) Annals of Human Biology , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 366-382
    • Benefice, E.1    Ndiaye, G.2
  • 48
    • 33645665722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of estimated maximal oxygen uptake in 9 and 10 year old schoolchildren in Tanzania and Norway
    • Aandstad A, Berntsen S, Hageberg R, Klasson-Heggebo L, Anderssen SA (2006) A comparison of estimated maximal oxygen uptake in 9 and 10 year old schoolchildren in Tanzania and Norway. BJSM online 40: 287-292.
    • (2006) BJSM Online , vol.40 , pp. 287-292
    • Aandstad, A.1    Berntsen, S.2    Hageberg, R.3    Klasson-Heggebo, L.4    Anderssen, S.A.5
  • 49
    • 33746902048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between biochemical bone turnover markers, season, and inflammatory status indices in prepubertal gambian boys
    • DOI 10.1007/s00223-005-0276-4
    • Munday K, Ginty F, Fulford A, Bates CJ (2006) Relationships between biochemical bone turnover markers, season, and inflammatory status indices in prepubertal Gambian boys. Calcif Tissue Int 79: 15-21. (Pubitemid 44198287)
    • (2006) Calcified Tissue International , vol.79 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-21
    • Munday, K.1    Ginty, F.2    Fulford, A.3    Bates, C.J.4
  • 50
    • 33744813016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional profiles, physical development and daily activities of African children in Zimbabwe with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Djarova T, Dube S, Tivchev G, Chivengo A (2006) Nutritional profiles, physical development and daily activities of African children in Zimbabwe with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. South African Journal of Science 102: 4-6. (Pubitemid 43829229)
    • (2006) South African Journal of Science , vol.102 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 4-6
    • Djarova, T.1    Dube, S.2    Tivchev, G.3    Chivengo, A.4
  • 51
    • 33745632783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness of Black African early adolescents with and without mild mental retardation
    • unpaginated
    • Onyewadume IU (2006) Fitness of Black African early adolescents with and without mild mental retardation. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 23: unpaginated.
    • (2006) Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly , vol.23
    • Onyewadume, I.U.1
  • 52
    • 33645241620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in bone size and bone mass between black and white 10-year-old South African children
    • Vidulich L, Norris SA, Cameron N, Pettifor JM (2006) Differences in bone size and bone mass between black and white 10-year-old South African children. Osteoporos Int 17: 433-440.
    • (2006) Osteoporos Int , vol.17 , pp. 433-440
    • Vidulich, L.1    Norris, S.A.2    Cameron, N.3    Pettifor, J.M.4
  • 54
    • 35448957309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Eti-Osa LGA, Lagos, Nigeria
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2007.00408.x
    • Ben-Bassey UP, Oduwole AO, Ogundipe OO (2007) Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Eti-Osa LGA, Lagos, Nigeria. Obes Rev 8: 475-479. (Pubitemid 47620725)
    • (2007) Obesity Reviews , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 475-479
    • Ben-Bassey, U.P.1    Oduwole, A.O.2    Ogundipe, O.O.3
  • 55
    • 34250193639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infant programming of bone size and bone mass in 10-year-old black and white South African children
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00806.x
    • Vidulich L, Norris SA, Cameron N, Pettifor JM (2007) Infant programming of bone size and bone mass in 10-year-old black and white South African children. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 21: 354-362. (Pubitemid 46905335)
    • (2007) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 354-362
    • Vidulich, L.1    Norris, S.A.2    Cameron, N.3    Pettifor, J.M.4
  • 56
    • 34447310279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal relationships between nutritional status, body composition, and physical fitness in rural children of South Africa: The Ellisras longitudinal study
    • DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20616
    • Monyeki MA, Koppes LL, Monyeki KD, Kemper HC, Twisk JW (2007) Longitudinal relationships between nutritional status, body composition, and physical fitness in rural children of South Africa: The Ellisras longitudinal study. Am J Human Biol 19: 551-558. (Pubitemid 47050089)
    • (2007) American Journal of Human Biology , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 551-558
    • Andries, M.M.1    Koppes, L.L.J.2    Monyeki, K.D.3    Kemper, H.C.G.4    Twisk, J.W.R.5
  • 57
    • 34447310279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal relationships between nutritional status, body composition, and physical fitness in rural children of South Africa: The Ellisras longitudinal study
    • DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20616
    • Andries MM, Koppes LLJ, Monyeki KD, Kemper HCG, Twisk JWR (2007) Longitudinal relationships between nutritional status, body composition, and physical fitness in rural children of South Africa: The Ellisras longitudinal study. Am J Human Biol 19: 551-558. (Pubitemid 47050089)
    • (2007) American Journal of Human Biology , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 551-558
    • Andries, M.M.1    Koppes, L.L.J.2    Monyeki, K.D.3    Kemper, H.C.G.4    Twisk, J.W.R.5
  • 58
    • 58249105116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure patterns in relation to geographic area of residence: A cross-sectional study of adolescents in Kogi state, Nigeria
    • Ejike CE, Ugwu CE, Ezeanyika LU, Olayemi AT (2008) Blood pressure patterns in relation to geographic area of residence: a cross-sectional study of adolescents in Kogi state, Nigeria. BMC Public Health 8: 411.
    • (2008) BMC Public Health , vol.8 , pp. 411
    • Ejike, C.E.1    Ugwu, C.E.2    Ezeanyika, L.U.3    Olayemi, A.T.4
  • 59
    • 67649528950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overfatness, stunting and physical inactivity are determinants of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1activity, fibrinogen and thrombin-antithrombin complex in African adolescents
    • Nienaber C, Pieters M, Kruger SH, Stonehouse W, Vorster HH (2008) Overfatness, stunting and physical inactivity are determinants of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1activity, fibrinogen and thrombin-antithrombin complex in African adolescents. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 19: 361-368.
    • (2008) Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis , vol.19 , pp. 361-368
    • Nienaber, C.1    Pieters, M.2    Kruger, S.H.3    Stonehouse, W.4    Vorster, H.H.5
  • 60
    • 42549089650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of underweight: A matter of concern among adolescents in Osun State, Nigeria
    • Funke OM (2008) Prevalence of underweight: A matter of concern among adolescents in Osun State, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 7: 503-508.
    • (2008) Pakistan Journal of Nutrition , vol.7 , pp. 503-508
    • Funke, O.M.1
  • 64
  • 65
    • 70249115113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How well do waist circumference and body mass index reflect body composition in prepubertal children?
    • Cameron N, Jones LL, Griffiths PL, Norris SA, Pettifor JM (2009) How well do waist circumference and body mass index reflect body composition in prepubertal children? Eur J Clin Nutr 63: 1065-1070.
    • (2009) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.63 , pp. 1065-1070
    • Cameron, N.1    Jones, L.L.2    Griffiths, P.L.3    Norris, S.A.4    Pettifor, J.M.5
  • 67
    • 67650340441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma symptoms in rural living Tanzanian children; prevalence and the relation to aerobic fitness and body fat
    • Berntsen S, Lodrup Carlsen KC, Hageberg R, Aandstad A, Mowinckel P, et al. (2009) Asthma symptoms in rural living Tanzanian children; prevalence and the relation to aerobic fitness and body fat. Allergy 64: 1166-1171.
    • (2009) Allergy , vol.64 , pp. 1166-1171
    • Berntsen, S.1    Lodrup Carlsen, K.C.2    Hageberg, R.3    Aandstad, A.4    Mowinckel, P.5
  • 68
    • 65449123529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Waist circumference values of Nigerian children and adolescents
    • Senbanjo IO, Njokanma OF, Oshikoya KA (2009) Waist circumference values of Nigerian children and adolescents. Ann Nutr Metab 54: 145-150.
    • (2009) Ann Nutr Metab , vol.54 , pp. 145-150
    • Senbanjo, I.O.1    Njokanma, O.F.2    Oshikoya, K.A.3
  • 71
    • 79952527157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the vitamin D status of 10-year-old urban South African children
    • Poopedi MA, Norris SA, Pettifor JM (2011) Factors influencing the vitamin D status of 10-year-old urban South African children. Public Health Nutr 14: 334-339.
    • (2011) Public Health Nutr , vol.14 , pp. 334-339
    • Poopedi, M.A.1    Norris, S.A.2    Pettifor, J.M.3
  • 72
    • 78650849817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significant differences between serum CRP levels in children in different categories of physical activity: The PLAY study
    • Harmse B, Kruger HS (2010) Significant differences between serum CRP levels in children in different categories of physical activity: the PLAY study. Cardiovasc 21: 316-322.
    • (2010) Cardiovasc , vol.21 , pp. 316-322
    • Harmse, B.1    Kruger, H.S.2
  • 73
    • 77955691171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth status and menarcheal age among adolescent school girls in Wannune, Benue State, Nigeria
    • Goon DT, Toriola AL, Uever J, Wuam S, Toriola OM (2010) Growth status and menarcheal age among adolescent school girls in Wannune, Benue State, Nigeria. BMC Pediatr 10: 60.
    • (2010) BMC Pediatr , vol.10 , pp. 60
    • Goon, D.T.1    Toriola, A.L.2    Uever, J.3    Wuam, S.4    Toriola, O.M.5
  • 75
    • 79959990924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between parental socio-economic status and casual blood pressure in coastal Nigerian adolescents
    • Ansa VO, Anah MU, Odey FA, Mbu PN, Agbor EI (2010) Relationship between parental socio-economic status and casual blood pressure in coastal Nigerian adolescents. West Afr J Med 29: 146-152.
    • (2010) West Afr J Med , vol.29 , pp. 146-152
    • Ansa, V.O.1    Anah, M.U.2    Odey, F.A.3    Mbu, P.N.4    Agbor, E.I.5
  • 76
    • 79952706722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of bone size and strength in 13-year-old South African children: The influence of ethnicity, sex and pubertal maturation
    • Micklesfield LK, Norris SA, Pettifor JM (2011) Determinants of bone size and strength in 13-year-old South African children: The influence of ethnicity, sex and pubertal maturation. Bone 48: 777-785.
    • (2011) Bone , vol.48 , pp. 777-785
    • Micklesfield, L.K.1    Norris, S.A.2    Pettifor, J.M.3
  • 78
    • 79957511418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food consumption pattern and calcium status of adolescents in Nnewi, Nigeria
    • Henry-Unaeze HN, Okonkwo CN (2011) Food consumption pattern and calcium status of adolescents in Nnewi, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 10: 317-321.
    • (2011) Pakistan Journal of Nutrition , vol.10 , pp. 317-321
    • Henry-Unaeze, H.N.1    Okonkwo, C.N.2
  • 79
    • 79952762694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The shape of things to come? Household dependency ratio and adolescent nutritional status in rural and urban Ethiopia
    • Hadley C, Belachew T, Lindstrom D, Tessema F (2011) The shape of things to come? Household dependency ratio and adolescent nutritional status in rural and urban Ethiopia. Am J Phys Anthropol 144: 643-652.
    • (2011) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.144 , pp. 643-652
    • Hadley, C.1    Belachew, T.2    Lindstrom, D.3    Tessema, F.4
  • 81
    • 84872577592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in detecting excess adiposity in 9-13-year old South African children
    • Goon DT, Toriola AL, Shaw BS (2012) Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in detecting excess adiposity in 9-13-year old South African children. West Indian Med J 61: 670-673.
    • (2012) West Indian Med J , vol.61 , pp. 670-673
    • Goon, D.T.1    Toriola, A.L.2    Shaw, B.S.3
  • 82
    • 84857982305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overweight among children decreased, but obesity prevalence remained high among women in South Africa, 1999-2005
    • Kruger HS, Steyn NP, Swart EC, Maunder EM, Nel JH, et al. (2012) Overweight among children decreased, but obesity prevalence remained high among women in South Africa, 1999-2005. Public Health Nutr 15: 594-599.
    • (2012) Public Health Nutr , vol.15 , pp. 594-599
    • Kruger, H.S.1    Steyn, N.P.2    Swart, E.C.3    Maunder, E.M.4    Nel, J.H.5
  • 83
    • 79960707293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient intake in 5-17-year-old African boys and girls in a rural district of Kenya
    • Semproli S, Canducci E, Ricci E, Gualdi-Russo E (2011) Nutrient intake in 5-17-year-old African boys and girls in a rural district of Kenya. Nutr Hosp 26: 765-774.
    • (2011) Nutr Hosp , vol.26 , pp. 765-774
    • Semproli, S.1    Canducci, E.2    Ricci, E.3    Gualdi-Russo, E.4
  • 84
    • 80054034510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in both prevalence and titre of specific immunoglobulin E among children with asthma in affluent and poor communities within a large town in Ghana
    • Stevens W, ddo-Yobo E, Roper J, Woodcock A, James H, et al. (2011) Differences in both prevalence and titre of specific immunoglobulin E among children with asthma in affluent and poor communities within a large town in Ghana. Clin Exp Allergy 41: 1587-1594.
    • (2011) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.41 , pp. 1587-1594
    • Stevens, W.1    Ddo-Yobo, E.2    Roper, J.3    Woodcock, A.4    James, H.5
  • 85
    • 84859634573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between bioelectrical impedance analysis and body mass index in adolescent urban Nigerians
    • Nwizu SE, Njokanma OF, Okoromah CA, David NA (2011) Relationship between bioelectrical impedance analysis and body mass index in adolescent urban Nigerians. West Afr J Med 30: 99-103.
    • (2011) West Afr J Med , vol.30 , pp. 99-103
    • Nwizu, S.E.1    Njokanma, O.F.2    Okoromah, C.A.3    David, N.A.4
  • 86
    • 80052025291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and weight status in treatment-naive 12-16 year old adolescents with alcohol use disorders in Cape Town, South Africa
    • Naude CE, Senekal M, Laubscher R, Carey PD, Fein G (2011) Growth and weight status in treatment-naive 12-16 year old adolescents with alcohol use disorders in Cape Town, South Africa. Nutr J 10: 87.
    • (2011) Nutr J , vol.10 , pp. 87
    • Naude, C.E.1    Senekal, M.2    Laubscher, R.3    Carey, P.D.4    Fein, G.5
  • 87
    • 80053439865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between selected anthropometric variables and prevalence of flatfoot among urban and rural school children in south west Nigeria
    • Abolarin TO, Aiyegbusi AI, Tella BA, Akinbo SR (2011) Relationship between selected anthropometric variables and prevalence of flatfoot among urban and rural school children in south west Nigeria. Niger 21: 135-140.
    • (2011) Niger , vol.21 , pp. 135-140
    • Abolarin, T.O.1    Aiyegbusi, A.I.2    Tella, B.A.3    Akinbo, S.R.4
  • 88
    • 84855411691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's in the lunchbox? Dietary behaviour of learners from disadvantaged schools in the Western Cape, South Africa
    • Abrahams Z, de VA, Steyn NP, Fourie J, Dalais L, et al. (2011) What's in the lunchbox? Dietary behaviour of learners from disadvantaged schools in the Western Cape, South Africa. Public Health Nutr 14: 1752-1758.
    • (2011) Public Health Nutr , vol.14 , pp. 1752-1758
    • Abrahams, Z.1    De, V.A.2    Steyn, N.P.3    Fourie, J.4    Dalais, L.5
  • 89
    • 80052255004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sensitivity of waist-to-height ratio in identifying children with high blood pressure
    • Motswagole BS, Kruger HS, Faber M, van Rooyen JM, de Ridder JH (2011) The sensitivity of waist-to-height ratio in identifying children with high blood pressure. Cardiovasc 22: 208-211.
    • (2011) Cardiovasc , vol.22 , pp. 208-211
    • Motswagole, B.S.1    Kruger, H.S.2    Faber, M.3    Van Rooyen, J.M.4    De Ridder, J.H.5
  • 90
    • 79957922797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-familial and ethnic effects on attitudinal and perceptual body image: A cohort of South African mother-daughter dyads
    • McHiza ZJ, Goedecke JH, Lambert EV (2011) Intra-familial and ethnic effects on attitudinal and perceptual body image: a cohort of South African mother-daughter dyads. BMC Public Health 11: 433.
    • (2011) BMC Public Health , vol.11 , pp. 433
    • McHiza, Z.J.1    Goedecke, J.H.2    Lambert, E.V.3
  • 91
    • 79959492528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fat and muscle mass in different groups of pre-pubertal and pubertal rural children. Cross-cultural comparisons between Sahelian (rural Senegal) and Amazonian (Beni River, Bolivia) children
    • Benefice E, Luna Monrroy SJ, Lopez Rodriguez RW, Ndiaye G (2011) Fat and muscle mass in different groups of pre-pubertal and pubertal rural children. Cross-cultural comparisons between Sahelian (rural Senegal) and Amazonian (Beni River, Bolivia) children. Ann Hum Biol 38: 500-507.
    • (2011) Ann Hum Biol , vol.38 , pp. 500-507
    • Benefice, E.1    Luna Monrroy, S.J.2    Lopez Rodriguez, R.W.3    Ndiaye, G.4
  • 92
    • 79956128981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy and nutrient intakes in relation to sex and socio-economic status among school adolescents in urban Cameroon, Africa
    • Dapi LN, Hornell A, Janlert U, Stenlund H, Larsson C (2011) Energy and nutrient intakes in relation to sex and socio-economic status among school adolescents in urban Cameroon, Africa. Public Health Nutr 14: 904-913.
    • (2011) Public Health Nutr , vol.14 , pp. 904-913
    • Dapi, L.N.1    Hornell, A.2    Janlert, U.3    Stenlund, H.4    Larsson, C.5
  • 94
    • 84857011726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical fitness of South African primary school children, 6 to 13 years of age: Discovery vitality health of the nation study
    • Armstrong ME, Lambert EV, Lambert MI (2011) Physical fitness of South African primary school children, 6 to 13 years of age: discovery vitality health of the nation study. Percept Mot Skills 113: 999-1016.
    • (2011) Percept Mot Skills , vol.113 , pp. 999-1016
    • Armstrong, M.E.1    Lambert, E.V.2    Lambert, M.I.3
  • 95
    • 84866550634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness, and blood pressure associations in Nigerian youth
    • Musa DI, Williams CA (2012) Cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness, and blood pressure associations in Nigerian youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 44: 1978-1985.
    • (2012) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.44 , pp. 1978-1985
    • Musa, D.I.1    Williams, C.A.2
  • 96
    • 84864698743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight status of adolescents in secondary schools in port Harcourt using Body Mass Index (BMI)
    • Adesina AF, Peterside O, Anochie I, Akani NA (2012) Weight status of adolescents in secondary schools in port Harcourt using Body Mass Index (BMI). Ital 38: 31.
    • (2012) Ital , vol.38 , pp. 31
    • Adesina, A.F.1    Peterside, O.2    Anochie, I.3    Akani, N.A.4
  • 97
    • 84863779972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between clinical tibiofemoral angle and body mass index in normal Nigerian children
    • Bafor A, Omota B, Ogbemudia AO (2012) Correlation between clinical tibiofemoral angle and body mass index in normal Nigerian children. Int Orthop 36: 1247-1253.
    • (2012) Int Orthop , vol.36 , pp. 1247-1253
    • Bafor, A.1    Omota, B.2    Ogbemudia, A.O.3
  • 98
    • 84863779972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between clinical tibiofemoral angle and body mass index in normal Nigerian children
    • Bafor A, Omota B, Ogbemudia AO (2012) Correlation between clinical tibiofemoral angle and body mass index in normal Nigerian children. Int Orthop 36: 1247-1253.
    • (2012) Int Orthop , vol.36 , pp. 1247-1253
    • Bafor, A.1    Omota, B.2    Ogbemudia, A.O.3
  • 99
    • 84855552971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of urbanization on objectively measured physical activity levels, sedentary time, and indices of adiposity in Kenyan adolescents
    • Ojiambo RM, Easton C, Casajus JA, Konstabel K, Reilly JJ, et al. (2012) Effect of urbanization on objectively measured physical activity levels, sedentary time, and indices of adiposity in Kenyan adolescents. J Phys Act Health 9: 115-123.
    • (2012) J Phys Act Health , vol.9 , pp. 115-123
    • Ojiambo, R.M.1    Easton, C.2    Casajus, J.A.3    Konstabel, K.4    Reilly, J.J.5
  • 105
    • 75949147634 scopus 로고
    • Heights and Weights of White Nursery-School Children in Pretoria
    • Prinsloo JG (1964) Heights and Weights of White Nursery-School Children in Pretoria. SAMJ, S Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 38: 601-606.
    • (1964) SAMJ, S Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde , vol.38 , pp. 601-606
    • Prinsloo, J.G.1
  • 106
    • 0014180365 scopus 로고
    • Inter-racial comparison of tests of physical fitness on high school children at Cape Town
    • Sloan AW, Wiggett R (1967) Inter-racial comparison of tests of physical fitness on high school children at Cape Town. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 7: 192-197.
    • (1967) J Sports Med Phys Fitness , vol.7 , pp. 192-197
    • Sloan, A.W.1    Wiggett, R.2
  • 108
    • 0014685384 scopus 로고
    • The use of percentile charts in the nutritional assessment of children from primitive communities
    • Leary PM (1969) The use of percentile charts in the nutritional assessment of children from primitive communities. SAMJ, S Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 43: 1165-1169.
    • (1969) SAMJ, S Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde , vol.43 , pp. 1165-1169
    • Leary, P.M.1
  • 109
    • 0014497381 scopus 로고
    • Physical work capacity and nutritional status in Ethiopian male children and young adults
    • Areskog NH, Selinus R, Vahlquist B (1969) Physical work capacity and nutritional status in Ethiopian male children and young adults. Am J Clin Nutr 22: 471-479.
    • (1969) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.22 , pp. 471-479
    • Areskog, N.H.1    Selinus, R.2    Vahlquist, B.3
  • 110
    • 0014837843 scopus 로고
    • Growth curves for some Zambian school children
    • Fisher M, Davison W (1970) Growth curves for some Zambian school children. J Trop Pediatr 16: 103-111.
    • (1970) J Trop Pediatr , vol.16 , pp. 103-111
    • Fisher, M.1    Davison, W.2
  • 111
    • 0015732165 scopus 로고
    • Physiological responses to exercise in East African children. I. Normal values for rural and urban boys and girls aged 7-15 years
    • Davies CTM (1973) Physiological responses to exercise in East African children. I. Normal values for rural and urban boys and girls aged 7-15 years. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics and Environmental Child Health 19: 110-114.
    • (1973) Journal of Tropical Pediatrics and Environmental Child Health , vol.19 , pp. 110-114
    • Davies, C.T.M.1
  • 112
    • 0016198662 scopus 로고
    • Physical growth and development of urban and rural East African children, aged 7-16 years
    • Davies CT, Mbelwa D, Dore C (1974) Physical growth and development of urban and rural East African children, aged 7-16 years. Ann Hum Biol 1: 257-268.
    • (1974) Ann Hum Biol , vol.1 , pp. 257-268
    • Davies, C.T.1    Mbelwa, D.2    Dore, C.3
  • 113
    • 64049090954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of nutritional status of school children in Makurdi, Benue State
    • Amuta EU, Houmsou RS (2009) Assessment of nutritional status of school children in Makurdi, Benue State. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 8: 691-694.
    • (2009) Pakistan Journal of Nutrition , vol.8 , pp. 691-694
    • Amuta, E.U.1    Houmsou, R.S.2
  • 114
    • 0016278854 scopus 로고
    • Studies on sugar intake and overweight in South African black and white schoolchildren
    • Walker ARP (1974) Studies on sugar intake and overweight in South African black and white schoolchildren. SAMJ, S 48: 1650-1654.
    • (1974) SAMJ, S , vol.48 , pp. 1650-1654
    • Walker, A.R.P.1
  • 116
    • 0018089533 scopus 로고
    • The influence of family characteristics on the heights, weights and skinfolds of highland and lowland children in Ethiopia
    • Clegg EJ, Pawson IG (1978) The influence of family characteristics on the heights, weights and skinfolds of highland and lowland children in Ethiopia. Ann Hum Biol 5: 139-146.
    • (1978) Ann Hum Biol , vol.5 , pp. 139-146
    • Clegg, E.J.1    Pawson, I.G.2
  • 120
    • 0019827585 scopus 로고
    • Body height, weight, and skeletal maturation in Hottentot (Khoikhoi) children
    • DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330540314
    • Singer R, Kimura K (1981) Body height, weight, and skeletal maturation in Hottentot (Khoikhoi) children. Am J Phys Anthropol 54: 401-413. (Pubitemid 11019703)
    • (1981) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 401-413
    • Singer, R.1    Kimura, K.2
  • 122
    • 0021020340 scopus 로고
    • Cross-sectional growth of nomadic Turkana pastoralists
    • Little MA, Galvin K, Mugambi M (1983) Cross-sectional growth of nomadic Turkana pastoralists. Hum Biol 55: 811-830. (Pubitemid 14163238)
    • (1983) Human Biology , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 811-830
    • Little, M.A.1    Galvin, K.2    Mugambi, M.3
  • 123
    • 0021961913 scopus 로고
    • Health status of teenage school boys in Eastern Sudan
    • Rekart ML, Plastino J, Carr C (1985) Health status of teenage school boys in eastern Sudan. East Afr Med J 62: 54-59. (Pubitemid 15123190)
    • (1985) East African Medical Journal , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-59
    • Rekart, M.L.1    Plastino, J.2    Carr, C.3
  • 124
  • 125
    • 0022982458 scopus 로고
    • Schistosomiasis: Its effects on the physical performance of school children in Zimbabwe
    • Ndamba J (1986) Schistosomiasis: its effects on the physical performance of school children in Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med 32: 289-293.
    • (1986) Cent Afr J Med , vol.32 , pp. 289-293
    • Ndamba, J.1
  • 126
    • 0023023330 scopus 로고
    • Weight of contemporary Nigerian growing children in clinical anthropology
    • Ogunranti JO (1986) Weight of contemporary Nigerian growing children in clinical anthropology. J Trop Pediatr 32: 218-224.
    • (1986) J Trop Pediatr , vol.32 , pp. 218-224
    • Ogunranti, J.O.1
  • 127
    • 0022609498 scopus 로고
    • Growth of urban schoolchildren in Botswana
    • Corlett JT (1986) Growth of urban schoolchildren in Botswana. Ann Hum Biol 13: 73-82
    • (1986) Ann Hum Biol , vol.13 , pp. 73-82
    • Corlett, J.T.1
  • 128
    • 0023426429 scopus 로고
    • An epidemiological assessment of blood pressure determinants in an adolescent population of Nigerians
    • ms
    • ms-Campbell LL, Ukoli F, Young MP, Omene J, Nwankwo M, et al. (1987) An epidemiological assessment of blood pressure determinants in an adolescent population of Nigerians. J Hypertens 5: 575-580.
    • (1987) J Hypertens , vol.5 , pp. 575-580
    • Campbell, L.L.1    Ukoli, F.2    Young, M.P.3    Omene, J.4    Nwankwo, M.5
  • 129
    • 0023118002 scopus 로고
    • The mid-arm circumference in healthy eastern Nigerian children. A nutritional-clinical anthropometric parameter
    • Ogunranti JO (1987) The mid-arm circumference in healthy eastern Nigerian children. A nutritional-clinical anthropometric parameter. Child Care Health Dev 13: 59-67.
    • (1987) Child Care Health Dev , vol.13 , pp. 59-67
    • Ogunranti, J.O.1
  • 130
    • 0023693114 scopus 로고
    • Strength development of Tswana children
    • Corlett JT (1988) Strength development of Tswana children. Hum Biol 60: 569-577.
    • (1988) Hum Biol , vol.60 , pp. 569-577
    • Corlett, J.T.1
  • 131
    • 0023845730 scopus 로고
    • Growth patterns of rural children in the Kgalagadi region of Botswana
    • Corlett JT, Woollard E (1988) Growth patterns of rural children in the Kgalagadi region of Botswana. Ann Hum Biol 15: 153-159. (Pubitemid 18067425)
    • (1988) Annals of Human Biology , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-159
    • Corlett, J.T.1    Woollard, E.2
  • 132
    • 0024244356 scopus 로고
    • Effects of different running programmes on body fat and blood pressure in schoolboys aged 13-17 years
    • Adeniran SA, Toriola AL (1988) Effects of different running programmes on body fat and blood pressure in schoolboys aged 13-17 years. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 28: 267-273. (Pubitemid 19013431)
    • (1988) Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-273
    • Adeniran, S.A.1    Toriola, A.L.2
  • 133
    • 0024263035 scopus 로고
    • Effects of continuous and interval running programmes on aerobic and anaerobic capacities in schoolgirls aged 13 to 17 years
    • Adeniran SA, Toriola AL (1988) Effects of continuous and interval running programmes on aerobic and anaerobic capacities in schoolgirls aged 13 to 17 years. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 28: 260-266. (Pubitemid 19013430)
    • (1988) Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 260-266
    • Adeniran, S.A.1    Toriola, A.L.2
  • 135
    • 0026605253 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure levels of Zambian rural adolescents and their relationship to age, sex, weight, height and three weight-for-height indices
    • Ng'andu NH (1992) Blood pressure levels of Zambian rural adolescents and their relationship to age, sex, weight, height and three weight-for-height indices. Int J Epidemiol 21: 246-252.
    • (1992) Int J Epidemiol , vol.21 , pp. 246-252
    • Ng'andu, N.H.1
  • 136
    • 0026872534 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of black South African children from three different contexts
    • Goduka IN, Poole DA, otaki-Phenice L (1992) A comparative study of black South African children from three different contexts. Child Dev 63: 509-525.
    • (1992) Child Dev , vol.63 , pp. 509-525
    • Goduka, I.N.1    Poole, D.A.2    Otaki-Phenice, L.3
  • 137
    • 0028293614 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure patterns and its correlates in schoolchildren of an Ethiopian community
    • Oli K, Tekle-Haimanot R, Forsgren L, Ekstedt J (1994) Blood pressure patterns and its correlates in schoolchildren of an Ethiopian community. J Trop Pediatr 40: 100-103. (Pubitemid 24123523)
    • (1994) Journal of Tropical Pediatrics , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 100-103
    • Oli, K.1    Tekle-Haimanot, R.2    Forsgren, L.3    Ekstedt, J.4
  • 138
    • 0029281853 scopus 로고
    • Normal values for lung function tests in Sudanese children
    • Mabrouk AA, Ibrahim SA (1995) Normal values for lung function tests in Sudanese children. East Afr Med J 72: 258-262.
    • (1995) East Afr Med J , vol.72 , pp. 258-262
    • Mabrouk, A.A.1    Ibrahim, S.A.2
  • 139
    • 0028904626 scopus 로고
    • Growth and ventilatory function in Black children and adolescents
    • [French]
    • Dufetel P, Wazni A, Gaultier C, Derossi G, Cisse F, et al. (1995) [Growth and ventilatory function in Black children and adolescents]. [French]. Rev Mal Respir 12: 135-143.
    • (1995) Rev Mal Respir , vol.12 , pp. 135-143
    • Dufetel, P.1    Wazni, A.2    Gaultier, C.3    Derossi, G.4    Cisse, F.5
  • 142
    • 0034343068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure profile in Nigerian children
    • Hamidu LJ, Okoro EO, Ali MA (2000) Blood pressure profile in Nigerian children. East Afr Med J 77: 180- 184.
    • (2000) East Afr Med J , vol.77 , pp. 180-184
    • Hamidu, L.J.1    Okoro, E.O.2    Ali, M.A.3
  • 143
    • 0034343068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure profile in Nigerian children
    • Hamidu LJ, Okoro EO, Ali MA (2000) Blood pressure profile in Nigerian children. East Afr Med J 77: 180-184.
    • (2000) East Afr Med J , vol.77 , pp. 180-184
    • Hamidu, L.J.1    Okoro, E.O.2    Ali, M.A.3
  • 145
    • 0036082547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atopy, asthma, and antibodies to Ascaris among rural and urban children in Kenya
    • Perzanowski MS, Ng'Ang'A LW, Carter MC, Odhiambo J, Ngari P, et al. (2002) Atopy, asthma, and antibodies to Ascaris among rural and urban children in Kenya. J Pediatr 140: 582-588.
    • (2002) J Pediatr , vol.140 , pp. 582-588
    • Perzanowski, M.S.1    Ng'ang'a, L.W.2    Carter, M.C.3    Odhiambo, J.4    Ngari, P.5
  • 146
    • 4544249508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-sectional growth of pastoralist Karimojong and Turkana children
    • DOI 10.1002/ajpa.10377
    • Gray SJ, Wiebusch B, Akol HA (2004) Cross-sectional growth of pastoralist Karimojong and Turkana children. Am J Phys Anthropol 125: 193-202. (Pubitemid 39249784)
    • (2004) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.125 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-202
    • Gray, S.J.1    Wiebusch, B.2    Akol, H.A.3
  • 148
    • 33646264037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ethnicity and sex on the growth of the axial and appendicular skeleton of children living in a developing country
    • Nyati LH, Norris SA, Cameron N, Pettifor JM (2006) Effect of ethnicity and sex on the growth of the axial and appendicular skeleton of children living in a developing country. Am J Phys Anthropol 130: 135-141.
    • (2006) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.130 , pp. 135-141
    • Nyati, L.H.1    Norris, S.A.2    Cameron, N.3    Pettifor, J.M.4
  • 149
    • 40949137970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early life and current determinants of bone in South African children of mixed ancestral origin
    • DOI 10.1080/03014460701730024, PII 788629921
    • Micklesfield LK, Levitt NS, Carstens MT, Dhansay MA, Norris SA, et al. (2007) Early life and current determinants of bone in South African children of mixed ancestral origin. Ann Hum Biol 34: 647-655. (Pubitemid 351412258)
    • (2007) Annals of Human Biology , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 647-655
    • Micklesfield, L.K.1    Levitt, N.S.2    Carstens, M.T.3    Dhansay, M.A.4    Norris, S.A.5    Lambert, E.V.6
  • 152
    • 80051470434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intakes assessed by 24-h recalls in peri-urban African adolescents: Validity of energy intake compared with estimated energy expenditure
    • Rankin D, Ellis SM, Macintyre UE, Hanekom SM, Wright HH (2011) Dietary intakes assessed by 24-h recalls in peri-urban African adolescents: validity of energy intake compared with estimated energy expenditure. Eur J Clin Nutr 65: 910-919.
    • (2011) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.65 , pp. 910-919
    • Rankin, D.1    Ellis, S.M.2    Macintyre, U.E.3    Hanekom, S.M.4    Wright, H.H.5
  • 153
    • 79954415284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mass and bone size in pre- or early pubertal 10-year-old black and white South African children and their parents
    • Vidulich L, Norris SA, Cameron N, Pettifor JM (2011) Bone mass and bone size in pre- or early pubertal 10-year-old black and white South African children and their parents. Calcif Tissue Int 88: 281-293.
    • (2011) Calcif Tissue Int , vol.88 , pp. 281-293
    • Vidulich, L.1    Norris, S.A.2    Cameron, N.3    Pettifor, J.M.4
  • 155
    • 84867761497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of prepubertal calcium carbonate supplementation on the age of peak height velocity in Gambian adolescents
    • Prentice A, Dibba B, Sawo Y, Cole TJ (2012) The effect of prepubertal calcium carbonate supplementation on the age of peak height velocity in Gambian adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 96: 1042-1050.
    • (2012) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.96 , pp. 1042-1050
    • Prentice, A.1    Dibba, B.2    Sawo, Y.3    Cole, T.J.4
  • 156
    • 84862571515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stature and body mass of Nigerian children aged 9-12 years
    • Goon DT, Toriola AL, Shaw BS (2012) Stature and body mass of Nigerian children aged 9-12 years. Minerva Pediatr 64: 325-331.
    • (2012) Minerva Pediatr , vol.64 , pp. 325-331
    • Goon, D.T.1    Toriola, A.L.2    Shaw, B.S.3
  • 157
    • 17044454737 scopus 로고
    • Health of school children on the Ivory Coast. Development of anthropometric parameters of 5- to 15-year-old children and the effect of parasitic diseases on their growth
    • [French]
    • Haller L, Lauber E (1980) [Health of school children on the Ivory Coast. Development of anthropometric parameters of 5- to 15-year-old children and the effect of parasitic diseases on their growth]. [French]. Acta Trop 37: 63-73.
    • (1980) Acta Trop , vol.37 , pp. 63-73
    • Haller, L.1    Lauber, E.2
  • 158
    • 0020382108 scopus 로고
    • Anthropometric indices and measurements on primary school children of contrasting parental occupations
    • Nnanyelugo DO (1982) Anthropometric indices and measurements on primary school children of contrasting parental occupations. Growth 46: 220-237.
    • (1982) Growth , vol.46 , pp. 220-237
    • Nnanyelugo, D.O.1
  • 159
    • 0030223034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Height and weight measurements of Ibadan school children
    • Walker MB, Omotade OO, Walker O (1996) Height and weight measurements of Ibadan school children. Afr J Med Med Sci 25: 273-276.
    • (1996) Afr J Med Med Sci , vol.25 , pp. 273-276
    • Walker, M.B.1    Omotade, O.O.2    Walker, O.3
  • 162
    • 0032616923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nutritional status of a rural community in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: The Ndunakazi project
    • Oelofse A, Faber M, Benade JG, Benade AJ, Kenoyer DG (1999) The nutritional status of a rural community in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: the Ndunakazi project. Cent Afr J Med 45: 14-19.
    • (1999) Cent Afr J Med , vol.45 , pp. 14-19
    • Oelofse, A.1    Faber, M.2    Benade, J.G.3    Benade, A.J.4    Kenoyer, D.G.5
  • 163
    • 0033169870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of nutritional indices of children in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe, with the international reference standard
    • [Erratum appears in Can Afr J Med 1999 Oct;45(10):281]
    • Nyirongo LO, Chideme-Maradzika J, Woelk G, Chapman GN, Siziya S (1999) A comparison of nutritional indices of children in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe, with the international reference standard.[Erratum appears in Can Afr J Med 1999 Oct;45(10):281]. Cent Afr J Med 45: 198-203.
    • (1999) Cent Afr J Med , vol.45 , pp. 198-203
    • Nyirongo, L.O.1    Chideme-Maradzika, J.2    Woelk, G.3    Chapman, G.N.4    Siziya, S.5
  • 164
    • 0034944631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth of urban school children in Malawi
    • DOI 10.1080/03014460010013016
    • Zverev Y, Gondwe M (2001) Growth of urban school children in Malawi. Ann Hum Biol 28: 384-394. (Pubitemid 32632660)
    • (2001) Annals of Human Biology , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 384-394
    • Zverev, Y.1    Gondwe, M.2
  • 166
    • 0038721899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition status, education participation, and school achievement among Kenyan middle-school children
    • Mukudi E (2003) Nutrition status, education participation, and school achievement among Kenyan middle-school children. Nutrition 19: 612-616.
    • (2003) Nutrition , vol.19 , pp. 612-616
    • Mukudi, E.1
  • 167
    • 3442890666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between stunting and overweight among 10-15-y-old children in the North West Province of South Africa: The THUSA BANA Study
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802586
    • Mukuddem-Petersen J, Kruger HS (2004) Association between stunting and overweight among 10-15-y-old children in the North West Province of South Africa: the THUSA BANA Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28: 842-851. (Pubitemid 39005684)
    • (2004) International Journal of Obesity , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 842-851
    • Mukuddem-Petersen, J.1    Salome, K.H.2
  • 168
    • 30544436278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal estimates of puberty timing in senegalese adolescent girls
    • DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20435
    • Garnier D, Simondon KB, Benefice E (2005) Longitudinal estimates of puberty timing in Senegalese adolescent girls. Am J Human Biol 17: 718-730. (Pubitemid 43082485)
    • (2005) American Journal of Human Biology , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 718-730
    • Garnier, D.1    Simondon, K.B.2    Benefice, E.3
  • 169
    • 34147164690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild riboflavin deficiency is highly prevalent in school-age children but does not increase risk for anaemia in Coôte d'Ivoire
    • DOI 10.1017/S0007114507665180
    • Rohner F, Zimmermann MB, Wegmueller R, Tschannen AB, Hurrell RF (2007) Mild riboflavin deficiency is highly prevalent in school-age children but does not increase risk for anaemia in Cote d'Ivoire. Br J Nutr 97: 970-976. (Pubitemid 46554412)
    • (2007) British Journal of Nutrition , vol.97 , Issue.5 , pp. 970-976
    • Rohner, F.1    Zimmermann, M.B.2    Wegmueller, R.3    Tschannen, A.B.4    Hurrell, R.F.5
  • 170
    • 34547820992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social context of children's nutritional status in rural South Africa
    • Madhavan S, Townsend N (2007) The social context of children's nutritional status in rural South Africa. Scand J Public Health Suppl Supplement. 69: 107-117.
    • (2007) Scand J Public Health Suppl Supplement , vol.69 , pp. 107-117
    • Madhavan, S.1    Townsend, N.2
  • 171
    • 57449104901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing lifestyle and prevalence of malnutrition among settled pastoral Fulani children in Southwest Nigeria
    • Ekpo UF, Omotayo AM, Dipeolu MA (2008) Changing lifestyle and prevalence of malnutrition among settled pastoral Fulani children in Southwest Nigeria. Ann Agric Environ Med 15: 187-191.
    • (2008) Ann Agric Environ Med , vol.15 , pp. 187-191
    • Ekpo, U.F.1    Omotayo, A.M.2    Dipeolu, M.A.3
  • 172
    • 58149393762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass index of healthy Nigerian children
    • Anyiam JO, Ogala WN, Onuora CU (2008) Body mass index of healthy Nigerian children. Niger J Med 17: 407-413.
    • (2008) Niger J Med , vol.17 , pp. 407-413
    • Anyiam, J.O.1    Ogala, W.N.2    Onuora, C.U.3
  • 174
    • 69249211102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative height and weight among children and adolescents of rural southwestern Nigeria
    • Ayoola O, Ebersole K, Omotade OO, Tayo BO, Brieger WR, et al. (2009) Relative height and weight among children and adolescents of rural southwestern Nigeria. Ann Hum Biol 36: 388-399.
    • (2009) Ann Hum Biol , vol.36 , pp. 388-399
    • Ayoola, O.1    Ebersole, K.2    Omotade, O.O.3    Tayo, B.O.4    Brieger, W.R.5
  • 175
    • 64049090954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of nutritional status of school children in Makurdi, Benue State
    • Amuta EU, Houmsou RS (2009) Assessment of nutritional status of school children in Makurdi, Benue State. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 8: 691-694.
    • (2009) Pakistan Journal of Nutrition , vol.8 , pp. 691-694
    • Amuta, E.U.1    Houmsou, R.S.2
  • 176
    • 79951602384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and determinants of anemia among primary school pupils of a peri-urban community in Osun State, Nigeria
    • Bamidele JO, Abodunrin OL, Olajide FO, Oke YF (2010) Prevalence and determinants of anemia among primary school pupils of a peri-urban community in Osun State, Nigeria. Int J Adolesc Med Health 22: 461-468.
    • (2010) Int J Adolesc Med Health , vol.22 , pp. 461-468
    • Bamidele, J.O.1    Abodunrin, O.L.2    Olajide, F.O.3    Oke, Y.F.4
  • 177
    • 77951298544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food consumption patterns of Nigerian adolescents and effect on body weight
    • Olumakaiye MF, Atinmo T, Olubayo-Fatiregun MA (2010) Food consumption patterns of Nigerian adolescents and effect on body weight. J Nutr Educ Behav 42: 144-151.
    • (2010) J Nutr Educ Behav , vol.42 , pp. 144-151
    • Olumakaiye, M.F.1    Atinmo, T.2    Olubayo-Fatiregun, M.A.3
  • 181
    • 84866306499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Household food security is inversely associated with undernutrition among adolescents from Kilosa, Tanzania
    • Cordeiro LS, Wilde PE, Semu H, Levinson FJ (2012) Household food security is inversely associated with undernutrition among adolescents from Kilosa, Tanzania. J Nutr 142: 1741-1747.
    • (2012) J Nutr , vol.142 , pp. 1741-1747
    • Cordeiro, L.S.1    Wilde, P.E.2    Semu, H.3    Levinson, F.J.4
  • 183
    • 84870915983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micronutrient levels and nutritional status of school children living in Northwest Ethiopia
    • Amare B, Moges B, Fantahun B, Tafess K, Woldeyohannes D, et al. (2012) Micronutrient levels and nutritional status of school children living in Northwest Ethiopia. Nutr J 11.
    • (2012) Nutr J , pp. 11
    • Amare, B.1    Moges, B.2    Fantahun, B.3    Tafess, K.4    Woldeyohannes, D.5
  • 184
    • 84876147720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meat supplementation increases arm muscle area in Kenyan schoolchildren
    • Neumann CG, Jiang L, Weiss RE, Grillenberger M, Gewa CA, et al. (2013) Meat supplementation increases arm muscle area in Kenyan schoolchildren. Br J Nutr 109: 1230-1240.
    • (2013) Br J Nutr , vol.109 , pp. 1230-1240
    • Neumann, C.G.1    Jiang, L.2    Weiss, R.E.3    Grillenberger, M.4    Gewa, C.A.5
  • 185
    • 84875612048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between intestinal helminth infections and underweight among school children in Tikur Wuha Elementary School, Northwestern Ethiopia
    • Degarege A, Erko B (2013) Association between intestinal helminth infections and underweight among school children in Tikur Wuha Elementary School, Northwestern Ethiopia. Journal of Infection and Public Health 6: 125-133.
    • (2013) Journal of Infection and Public Health , vol.6 , pp. 125-133
    • Degarege, A.1    Erko, B.2
  • 186
    • 84872156762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional status, intestinal parasite infection and allergy among school children in Northwest Ethiopia
    • Amare B, Ali J, Moges B, Yismaw G, Belyhun Y, et al. (2013) Nutritional status, intestinal parasite infection and allergy among school children in Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pediatr 13.
    • (2013) BMC Pediatr , pp. 13
    • Amare, B.1    Ali, J.2    Moges, B.3    Yismaw, G.4    Belyhun, Y.5
  • 187
    • 0037326696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of the prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity amongst South African primary school children: A possible nutritional transition?
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601534
    • Jinabhai CC, Taylor M, Sullivan KR (2003) Implications of the prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity amongst South African primary school children: a possible nutritional transition? Eur J Clin Nutr 57: 358-365. (Pubitemid 36240492)
    • (2003) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 358-365
    • Jinabhai, C.C.1    Taylor, M.2    Sullivan, K.R.3
  • 189
    • 77954068691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for body-weight disorders in Nigerian children using contrasting definitions
    • Goon DT, Toriola AL, Shaw BS (2010) Screening for body-weight disorders in Nigerian children using contrasting definitions. Obes Rev 11: 508-515.
    • (2010) Obes Rev , vol.11 , pp. 508-515
    • Goon, D.T.1    Toriola, A.L.2    Shaw, B.S.3
  • 191
    • 2942756135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural comparison of growth, maturation and adiposity indices of two contrasting adolescent populations in rural Senegal (West Africa) and Martinique (Caribbean)
    • DOI 10.1079/PHN2003546
    • Benefice E, Caius N, Garnier D (2004) Cross-cultural comparison of growth, maturation and adiposity indices of two contrasting adolescent populations in rural Senegal (West Africa) and Martinique (Caribbean). Public Health Nutr 7: 479-485. (Pubitemid 38787513)
    • (2004) Public Health Nutrition , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 479-485
    • Benefice, E.1    Caius, N.2    Garnier, D.3
  • 192
    • 28444431550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure patterns in rural, semi-urban and urban children in the Ashanti region of Ghana, West Africa
    • Agyemang C, Redekop WK, Owusu-Dabo E, Bruijnzeels MA (2005) Blood pressure patterns in rural, semi-urban and urban children in the Ashanti region of Ghana, West Africa. BMC Public Health 5: 114.
    • (2005) BMC Public Health , vol.5 , pp. 114
    • Agyemang, C.1    Redekop, W.K.2    Owusu-Dabo, E.3    Bruijnzeels, M.A.4
  • 193
    • 14944355882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing patterns of under- and over-nutrition in South African children - Future risks of non-communicable diseases
    • DOI 10.1179/146532805X23290
    • Jinabhai CC, Taylor M, Sullivan KR (2005) Changing patterns of under- and over-nutrition in South African children-future risks of non-communicable diseases. Ann Trop Paediatr 25: 3-15. (Pubitemid 40372445)
    • (2005) Annals of Tropical Paediatrics , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-15
    • Jinabhai, C.C.1    Taylor, M.2    Sullivan, K.R.3
  • 194
    • 32144436706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of fat patterning with blood pressure in rural South African children: The Ellisras Longitudinal Growth and Health Study
    • DOI 10.1093/ije/dyi219
    • Monyeki KD, Kemper HC, Makgae PJ (2006) The association of fat patterning with blood pressure in rural South African children: the Ellisras Longitudinal Growth and Health Study. Int J Epidemiol 35: 114-120. (Pubitemid 43205457)
    • (2006) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 114-120
    • Monyeki, K.D.1    Kemper, H.C.G.2    Makgae, P.J.3
  • 197
    • 33744922134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The determinants of overweight and obesity among 10- to 15-year-old schoolchildren in the North West Province, South Africa - The THUSA BANA (Transition and Health during Urbanisation of South Africans; BANA, children) study
    • DOI 10.1079/PHN2006849
    • Kruger R, Kruger HS, Macintyre UE (2006) The determinants of overweight and obesity among 10- to 15-year-old schoolchildren in the North West Province, South Africa - the THUSA BANA (Transition and Health during Urbanisation of South Africans; BANA, children) study. Public Health Nutr 9: 351-358. (Pubitemid 43845068)
    • (2006) Public Health Nutrition , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 351-358
    • Kruger, R.1    Kruger, H.S.2    MacIntyre, U.E.3
  • 199
    • 33847024884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood malnutrition and growth in a rural area of Western Kenya
    • Semproli S, Gualdi-Russo E (2007) Childhood malnutrition and growth in a rural area of Western Kenya. Am J Phys Anthropol 132: 463-469.
    • (2007) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.132 , pp. 463-469
    • Semproli, S.1    Gualdi-Russo, E.2
  • 201
    • 34250205556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatotype and blood pressure of rural South African children aged 6-13 years: Ellisras longitudinal growth and health study
    • DOI 10.1080/03014460601144219, PII 779268821
    • Makgae PJ, Monyeki KD, Brits SJ, Kemper HC, Mashita J (2007) Somatotype and blood pressure of rural South African children aged 6-13 years: Ellisras longitudinal growth and health study. Ann Hum Biol 34: 240-251. (Pubitemid 46895935)
    • (2007) Annals of Human Biology , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 240-251
    • Makgae, P.J.1    Monyeki, K.D.2    Brits, S.J.3    Kemper, H.C.G.4    Mashita, J.5
  • 202
    • 42449119375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between fat patterns, physical fitness and blood pressure of rural South African children: Ellisras Longitudinal Growth and Health Study
    • DOI 10.1038/jhh.2008.3, PII JHH20083
    • Monyeki KD, Kemper HC, Makgae PJ (2008) Relationship between fat patterns, physical fitness and blood pressure of rural South African children: Ellisras Longitudinal Growth and Health Study. J Hum Hypertens 22: 311-319. (Pubitemid 351566817)
    • (2008) Journal of Human Hypertension , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 311-319
    • Monyeki, K.D.1    Kemper, H.C.G.2    Makgae, P.J.3
  • 204
    • 84861667619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with overweight and obesity in children in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
    • [French]
    • Koueta F, Dao L, Dao F, Djekompte S, Sawadogo J, et al. (2011) [Factors associated with overweight and obesity in children in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)]. [French]. Sante 21: 227-231.
    • (2011) Sante , vol.21 , pp. 227-231
    • Koueta, F.1    Dao, L.2    Dao, F.3    Djekompte, S.4    Sawadogo, J.5
  • 205
    • 80055065480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overweight and obesity and associated factors among school-aged adolescents in Ghana and Uganda
    • Peltzer K, Pengpid S (2011) Overweight and obesity and associated factors among school-aged adolescents in Ghana and Uganda. Int J Environ Res Public Health 8: 3859-3870.
    • (2011) Int J Environ Res Public Health , vol.8 , pp. 3859-3870
    • Peltzer, K.1    Pengpid, S.2
  • 206
    • 85027947986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secular trends in the prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity among South African children (1994-2004)
    • Armstrong ME, Lambert MI, Lambert EV (2011) Secular trends in the prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity among South African children (1994-2004). Eur J Clin Nutr 65: 835-840.
    • (2011) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.65 , pp. 835-840
    • Armstrong, M.E.1    Lambert, M.I.2    Lambert, E.V.3
  • 208
    • 79960086824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure among overweight children aged 7-13 years in 10 rural communities in South Africa: The Tshannda Longitudinal Study
    • Amusa LO, Goon DT (2011) Blood pressure among overweight children aged 7-13 years in 10 rural communities in South Africa: The Tshannda Longitudinal Study. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 27: 664-667.
    • (2011) Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences , vol.27 , pp. 664-667
    • Amusa, L.O.1    Goon, D.T.2
  • 209
    • 79960026377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Child obesity and fitness levels among Kenyan and Canadian children from urban and rural environments: A KIDS-CAN Research Alliance Study
    • Adamo KB, Sheel AW, Onywera V, Waudo J, Boit M, et al. (2011) Child obesity and fitness levels among Kenyan and Canadian children from urban and rural environments: a KIDS-CAN Research Alliance Study. Int J Pediatr Obes 6: e225-e232.
    • (2011) Int J Pediatr Obes , vol.6
    • Adamo, K.B.1    Sheel, A.W.2    Onywera, V.3    Waudo, J.4    Boit, M.5
  • 210
    • 84861971269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of hypertension and the relationship with body composition in Grade 1 learners in the North West Province of South Africa
    • (2011)
    • Kemp C, Pienaar AE, Schutte A (2011) The prevalence of hypertension and the relationship with body composition in Grade 1 learners in the North West Province of South Africa. South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol 23, No 4 (2011).
    • (2011) South African Journal of Sports Medicine , vol.23 , Issue.4
    • Kemp, C.1    Pienaar, A.E.2    Schutte, A.3
  • 211
    • 84874673977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation into longitudinal dietary behaviours and household socio-economic indicators and their association with BMI Z-score and fat mass in South African adolescents: The Birth to Twenty (Bt20) cohort
    • Feeley AB, Musenge E, Pettifor JM, Norris SA (2013) Investigation into longitudinal dietary behaviours and household socio-economic indicators and their association with BMI Z-score and fat mass in South African adolescents: the Birth to Twenty (Bt20) cohort. Public Health Nutr 16: 693-703.
    • (2013) Public Health Nutr , vol.16 , pp. 693-703
    • Feeley, A.B.1    Musenge, E.2    Pettifor, J.M.3    Norris, S.A.4
  • 212
    • 84873658243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and thinness among urban school-aged children and adolescents in southern Nigeria
    • Ene-Obong H, Ibeanu V, Onuoha N, Ejekwu A (2012) Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and thinness among urban school-aged children and adolescents in southern Nigeria. Food Nutr Bull 33: 242-250.
    • (2012) Food Nutr Bull , vol.33 , pp. 242-250
    • Ene-Obong, H.1    Ibeanu, V.2    Onuoha, N.3    Ejekwu, A.4
  • 213
    • 84861332603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between body composition and physical fitness in 14 year old adolescents residing within the Tlokwe local municipality, South Africa: The PAHL study
    • Monyeki MA, Neetens R, Moss SJ, Twisk J (2012) The relationship between body composition and physical fitness in 14 year old adolescents residing within the Tlokwe local municipality, South Africa: the PAHL study. BMC Public Health 12: 374.
    • (2012) BMC Public Health , vol.12 , pp. 374
    • Monyeki, M.A.1    Neetens, R.2    Moss, S.J.3    Twisk, J.4
  • 214
    • 84861918108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between household and neighbourhood socioeconomic status and systolic blood pressure among urban South African adolescents
    • Griffiths PL, Sheppard ZA, Johnson W, Cameron N, Pettifor JM, et al. (2012) Associations between household and neighbourhood socioeconomic status and systolic blood pressure among urban South African adolescents. J Biosoc Sci 44: 433-458.
    • (2012) J Biosoc Sci , vol.44 , pp. 433-458
    • Griffiths, P.L.1    Sheppard, Z.A.2    Johnson, W.3    Cameron, N.4    Pettifor, J.M.5
  • 215
    • 84857250640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid increases in overweight and obesity among South African adolescents: Comparison of data from the South African National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey in 2002 and 2008
    • Reddy SP, Resnicow K, James S, Funani IN, Kambaran NS, et al. (2012) Rapid increases in overweight and obesity among South African adolescents: comparison of data from the South African National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey in 2002 and 2008. Am J Public Health 102: 262-268.
    • (2012) Am J Public Health , vol.102 , pp. 262-268
    • Reddy, S.P.1    Resnicow, K.2    James, S.3    Funani, I.N.4    Kambaran, N.S.5
  • 216
    • 84872247080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass index, overweight, and blood pressure among adolescent schoolchildren in Limpopo province, South Africa
    • Moselakgomo VK, Toriola AL, Shaw BS, Goon DT, Akinyemi O (2012) Body mass index, overweight, and blood pressure among adolescent schoolchildren in Limpopo province, South Africa. Revista Paulista de Pediatria 30: 562-569.
    • (2012) Revista Paulista de Pediatria , vol.30 , pp. 562-569
    • Moselakgomo, V.K.1    Toriola, A.L.2    Shaw, B.S.3    Goon, D.T.4    Akinyemi, O.5
  • 219
    • 84869122024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of overweight and obesity to the motor performance of children living in South Africa
    • Truter L, Pienaar AE, Du TD (2012) The relationship of overweight and obesity to the motor performance of children living in South Africa. South African Family Practice 54: 429-435.
    • (2012) South African Family Practice , vol.54 , pp. 429-435
    • Truter, L.1    Pienaar, A.E.2    Du, T.D.3
  • 221
    • 84867894040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socio-economic status and obesity in children in Africa
    • Bovet P, Paccaud F, Chiolero A (2012) Socio-economic status and obesity in children in Africa. Obes Rev 13: 1080.
    • (2012) Obes Rev , vol.13 , pp. 1080
    • Bovet, P.1    Paccaud, F.2    Chiolero, A.3
  • 222
    • 84897889979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health-related fitness, body composition and physical activity status among adolescent learners: The PAHL study
    • Toriola OM, Monyeki MA (2012) Health-related fitness, body composition and physical activity status among adolescent learners: The PAHL study. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance 18: 795-811.
    • (2012) African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance , vol.18 , pp. 795-811
    • Toriola, O.M.1    Monyeki, M.A.2
  • 224
    • 84870541736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residential mobility, socioeconomic context and body mass index in a cohort of urban South African adolescents
    • Ginsburg C, Griffiths PL, Richter LM, Norris SA (2013) Residential mobility, socioeconomic context and body mass index in a cohort of urban South African adolescents. Health Place 19: 99-107.
    • (2013) Health Place , vol.19 , pp. 99-107
    • Ginsburg, C.1    Griffiths, P.L.2    Richter, L.M.3    Norris, S.A.4
  • 225
    • 84876554722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body image dissatisfaction is increased in male and overweight/obese adolescents in Botswana
    • 2013, 2013. Date of Publication: 2013
    • Malete L, Motlhoiwa K, Shaibu S, Wrotniak BH, Maruapula SD, et al. (2013) Body image dissatisfaction is increased in male and overweight/obese adolescents in Botswana. Journal of Obesity 2013, 2013. Article Number: 763624. Date of Publication: 2013.
    • (2013) Journal of Obesity , pp. 763624
    • Malete, L.1    Motlhoiwa, K.2    Shaibu, S.3    Wrotniak, B.H.4    Maruapula, S.D.5
  • 226
    • 84897867906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between physical activity and indicators of body fatness in Kenyan adolescents
    • Mang'eni OR, Maguta K, Thairu K, Takahashi R, Wilunda C (2013) The relation between physical activity and indicators of body fatness in Kenyan adolescents. J Appl Med Sciences 2: 43-59.
    • (2013) J Appl Med Sciences , vol.2 , pp. 43-59
    • Mang'eni, O.R.1    Maguta, K.2    Thairu, K.3    Takahashi, R.4    Wilunda, C.5
  • 227
    • 84897825737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adiposity and physical activity among children in countries at different stages of the physical activity transition: Canada, Mexico and Kenya
    • Onywera VO, Heroux M, Jaureguiulloa E, Adamo KB, Taylor JL, et al. (2013) Adiposity and physical activity among children in countries at different stages of the physical activity transition: Canada, Mexico and Kenya. AJPHERD 19: 132-142.
    • (2013) AJPHERD , vol.19 , pp. 132-142
    • Onywera, V.O.1    Heroux, M.2    Jaureguiulloa, E.3    Adamo, K.B.4    Taylor, J.L.5
  • 228
    • 84897896692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between aerobic fitness, muscular fitness, and obesity in children from three countries at different stages of the physical activity transition
    • Heroux M, Onywera VO, Tremblay MS, Adamo KB, Taylor JL, et al. (2013) The relation between aerobic fitness, muscular fitness, and obesity in children from three countries at different stages of the physical activity transition. ISRN Obesity http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/134835doci.
    • (2013) ISRN Obesity
    • Heroux, M.1    Onywera, V.O.2    Tremblay, M.S.3    Adamo, K.B.4    Taylor, J.L.5
  • 229
    • 80054771662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth pattern of schoolchildren in Sagamu, Nigeria using the CDC standards and 2007 WHO standards
    • Fetuga MB, Ogunlesi TA, Adekanmbi AF, Alabi AD (2011) Growth pattern of schoolchildren in Sagamu, Nigeria using the CDC standards and 2007 WHO standards. Indian Pediatr 48: 523-528.
    • (2011) Indian Pediatr , vol.48 , pp. 523-528
    • Fetuga, M.B.1    Ogunlesi, T.A.2    Adekanmbi, A.F.3    Alabi, A.D.4
  • 230
    • 71749100081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity assessed by accelerometry in rural African school-age children and adolescents
    • Prista A, Nhantumbo L, Silvio S, Lopes V, Maia J, et al. (2009) Physical activity assessed by accelerometry in rural African school-age children and adolescents. Pediatr Exerc Sci 21: 384-399.
    • (2009) Pediatr Exerc Sci , vol.21 , pp. 384-399
    • Prista, A.1    Nhantumbo, L.2    Silvio, S.3    Lopes, V.4    Maia, J.5
  • 231
    • 65449160473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Height and relative leg length as indicators of the quality of the environment among Mozambican juveniles and adolescents
    • Padez C, Varela-Silva MI, Bogin B (2009) Height and relative leg length as indicators of the quality of the environment among Mozambican juveniles and adolescents. Am J Human Biol 21: 200-209.
    • (2009) Am J Human Biol , vol.21 , pp. 200-209
    • Padez, C.1    Varela-Silva, M.I.2    Bogin, B.3
  • 232
    • 77957252572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and rural-urban differences in the nutritional status of in-school adolescents in south-western Nigeria
    • Omigbodun OO, Adediran KI, Akinyemi JO, Omigbodun AO, Adedokun BO, et al. (2010) Gender and rural-urban differences in the nutritional status of in-school adolescents in south-western Nigeria. J Biosoc Sci 42: 653-676.
    • (2010) J Biosoc Sci , vol.42 , pp. 653-676
    • Omigbodun, O.O.1    Adediran, K.I.2    Akinyemi, J.O.3    Omigbodun, A.O.4    Adedokun, B.O.5
  • 233
    • 79955645289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children aged 6-12 years in Dodoma and Kinondoni municipalities, Tanzania
    • Mosha TC, Fungo S (2010) Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children aged 6-12 years in Dodoma and Kinondoni municipalities, Tanzania. Tanzan J Health Res 12: 6-16.
    • (2010) Tanzan J Health Res , vol.12 , pp. 6-16
    • Mosha, T.C.1    Fungo, S.2
  • 234
    • 77958047708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of stunting, underweight and obesity in school aged children in Uyo, Nigeria
    • Opara DC, Ikpeme EE, Ekanem U.S. (2010) Prevalence of stunting, underweight and obesity in school aged children in Uyo, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 9: 459-466.
    • (2010) Pakistan Journal of Nutrition , vol.9 , pp. 459-466
    • Opara, D.C.1    Ikpeme, E.E.2    Ekanem, U.S.3
  • 235
    • 79952444853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alarming high prevalence of overweight/obesity among Sudanese children
    • Nagwa MA, Elhussein AM, Azza M, Abdulhadi NH (2011) Alarming high prevalence of overweight/obesity among Sudanese children. Eur J Clin Nutr 65: 409-411.
    • (2011) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.65 , pp. 409-411
    • Nagwa, M.A.1    Elhussein, A.M.2    Azza, M.3    Abdulhadi, N.H.4
  • 236
    • 79955082470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor nutritional status of schoolchildren in urban and peri-urban areas of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
    • Dabone C, Delisle HF, Receveur O (2011) Poor nutritional status of schoolchildren in urban and peri-urban areas of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Nutr J 10.
    • (2011) Nutr J , pp. 10
    • Dabone, C.1    Delisle, H.F.2    Receveur, O.3
  • 237
    • 80053526674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropometrically determined nutritional status of urban primary schoolchildren in Makurdi, Nigeria
    • Goon DT, Toriola AL, Shaw BS, Amusa LO, Monyeki MA, et al. (2011) Anthropometrically determined nutritional status of urban primary schoolchildren in Makurdi, Nigeria. BMC Public Health 11: 769.
    • (2011) BMC Public Health , vol.11 , pp. 769
    • Goon, D.T.1    Toriola, A.L.2    Shaw, B.S.3    Amusa, L.O.4    Monyeki, M.A.5
  • 238
    • 84862021923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional status of semi-urban Nigerian school children using the 2007 WHO reference population
    • Fetuga MB, Ogunlesi TA, Adekanmbi AF, Alabi AD (2011) Nutritional status of semi-urban Nigerian school children using the 2007 WHO reference population. West Afr J Med 30: 331-336.
    • (2011) West Afr J Med , vol.30 , pp. 331-336
    • Fetuga, M.B.1    Ogunlesi, T.A.2    Adekanmbi, A.F.3    Alabi, A.D.4
  • 241
    • 80054952662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary fat intake and nutritional status indicators of primary school children in a low-income informal settlement in the Vaal region
    • Oldewage-Theron W, Napier C, Egal A (2011) Dietary fat intake and nutritional status indicators of primary school children in a low-income informal settlement in the Vaal region. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 24: 99-104.
    • (2011) South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.24 , pp. 99-104
    • Oldewage-Theron, W.1    Napier, C.2    Egal, A.3
  • 243
    • 84856640102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Menarcheal and pubertal development and determining factors among schoolgirls in Kumasi, Ghana
    • Opare-Addo PM, Stowe M, nkobea-Kokroe F, Zheng T (2012) Menarcheal and pubertal development and determining factors among schoolgirls in Kumasi, Ghana. J Obstet Gynaecol 32: 159-165.
    • (2012) J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.32 , pp. 159-165
    • Opare-Addo, P.M.1    Stowe, M.2    Nkobea-Kokroe, F.3    Zheng, T.4
  • 246
    • 0023267866 scopus 로고
    • Anthropometrically determined nutritional status and the school performance of black urban primary school children
    • Wagstaff L, Reinach SG, Richardson BD, Mkhasibe C, de VG (1987) Anthropometrically determined nutritional status and the school performance of black urban primary school children. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 41: 277-286. (Pubitemid 17105446)
    • (1987) Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 277-286
    • Wagstaff, L.1    Reinach, S.G.2    Richardson, B.D.3
  • 247
    • 0023196106 scopus 로고
    • The growth pattern of adolescent Tswana schoolchildren
    • de Villiers FP (1987) The growth pattern of adolescent Tswana schoolchildren. J Trop Pediatr 33: 143-152.
    • (1987) J Trop Pediatr , vol.33 , pp. 143-152
    • De Villiers, F.P.1
  • 248
  • 250
    • 0037392344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropometric indicators of nutritional status: Implications for fitness, activity, and health in school-age children and adolescents from Maputo, Mozambique
    • Prista A, Maia JA, Damasceno A, Beunen G (2003) Anthropometric indicators of nutritional status: implications for fitness, activity, and health in school-age children and adolescents from Maputo, Mozambique. Am J Clin Nutr 77: 952-959.
    • (2003) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.77 , pp. 952-959
    • Prista, A.1    Maia, J.A.2    Damasceno, A.3    Beunen, G.4
  • 251
    • 12344281740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary anthropometric data analysis of the national food consumption survey in South Africa: The double burden
    • DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2004.09.003, PII S0899900704002151
    • Steyn NP, Labadarios D, Maunder E, Nel J, Lombard C, et al. (2005) Secondary anthropometric data analysis of the National Food Consumption Survey in South Africa: the double burden. Nutrition 21: 4-13. (Pubitemid 40127559)
    • (2005) Nutrition , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-13
    • Steyn, N.P.1    Labadarios, D.2    Maunder, E.3    Nel, J.4    Lombard, C.5
  • 252
    • 38449120146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropometric assessment of school age children in Addis Ababa
    • Zerfu M, Mekasha A (2006) Anthropometric assessment of school age children in Addis Ababa. Ethiop Med J 44: 347-352.
    • (2006) Ethiop Med J , vol.44 , pp. 347-352
    • Zerfu, M.1    Mekasha, A.2
  • 253
    • 34548575152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional status, socio-economic status, heart rate, and blood pressure in African school children and adolescents
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.11.004, PII S016752730601401X
    • Longo-Mbenza B, Lukoki LE, M'Buyamba-Kabangu JR (2007) Nutritional status, socio-economic status, heart rate, and blood pressure in African school children and adolescents. Int J Cardiol 121: 171-177. (Pubitemid 47385833)
    • (2007) International Journal of Cardiology , vol.121 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-177
    • Longo-Mbenza, B.1    Lukoki, L.E.2    M'Buyamba-Kabangu, J.R.3
  • 254
    • 77649265597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of socioeconomic and health related factors on the iron status of adolescent girls from two boarding schools in Southern Benin
    • Alaofe H, Zee J, Dossa R, O'Brien HT (2009) Impact of socioeconomic and health related factors on the iron status of adolescent girls from two boarding schools in Southern Benin. Int J Adolesc Med Health 21: 545-554.
    • (2009) Int J Adolesc Med Health , vol.21 , pp. 545-554
    • Alaofe, H.1    Zee, J.2    Dossa, R.3    O'Brien, H.T.4
  • 255
    • 77950931459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity, and metabolic disease risk in rural South African children
    • Kimani-Murage EW, Kahn K, Pettifor JM, Tollman SM, Dunger DB, et al. (2010) The prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity, and metabolic disease risk in rural South African children. BMC Public Health 10: 158.
    • (2010) BMC Public Health , vol.10 , pp. 158
    • Kimani-Murage, E.W.1    Kahn, K.2    Pettifor, J.M.3    Tollman, S.M.4    Dunger, D.B.5
  • 257
    • 84856996165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between overweight, obesity and physical fitness of nine- to twelve-year-old South African children
    • Truter L, Pienaar AE, Toit D (2010) Relationships between overweight, obesity and physical fitness of nine- to twelve-year-old South African children. South African Family Practice 52: 227-233.
    • (2010) South African Family Practice , vol.52 , pp. 227-233
    • Truter, L.1    Pienaar, A.E.2    Toit, D.3
  • 258
    • 67449089648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic and gender differences in adolescents' nutritional status in urban Cameroon, Africa
    • Dapi LN, Janlert U, Nouedoui C, Stenlund H, Haglin L (2009) Socioeconomic and gender differences in adolescents' nutritional status in urban Cameroon, Africa. Nutr Res 29: 313-319.
    • (2009) Nutr Res , vol.29 , pp. 313-319
    • Dapi, L.N.1    Janlert, U.2    Nouedoui, C.3    Stenlund, H.4    Haglin, L.5
  • 259
    • 77956057944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and body mass index of school children and adolescents in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria
    • Senbanjo IO, Oshikoya KA (2010) Physical activity and body mass index of school children and adolescents in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria. World J Pediatr 6: 217-222.
    • (2010) World J Pediatr , vol.6 , pp. 217-222
    • Senbanjo, I.O.1    Oshikoya, K.A.2
  • 260
    • 80053241334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High Rate of Obesity-Associated Hypertension among Primary Schoolchildren in Sudan
    • Salman Z, Kirk GD, Deboer MD (2010) High Rate of Obesity-Associated Hypertension among Primary Schoolchildren in Sudan. Int J Hypertens 2011: 629492.
    • (2010) Int J Hypertens , vol.2011 , pp. 629492
    • Salman, Z.1    Kirk, G.D.2    Deboer, M.D.3
  • 261
    • 79551651319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of birth weight on the nutritional status and academic performance of school age children
    • Odenigbo UM, Nkwoala CC, Okpala OC (2010) Impact of birth weight on the nutritional status and academic performance of school age children. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 9: 1157-1161.
    • (2010) Pakistan Journal of Nutrition , vol.9 , pp. 1157-1161
    • Odenigbo, U.M.1    Nkwoala, C.C.2    Okpala, O.C.3
  • 262
    • 79960752607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pedometer-determined physical activity of Western Kenyan children
    • Croteau K, Schofield G, Towle G, Suresh V (2011) Pedometer-determined physical activity of Western Kenyan children. J Phys Act Health 8: 824-828.
    • (2011) J Phys Act Health , vol.8 , pp. 824-828
    • Croteau, K.1    Schofield, G.2    Towle, G.3    Suresh, V.4
  • 263
    • 79958285523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High body mass index is not associated with atopy in schoolchildren living in rural and urban areas of Ghana
    • Larbi IA, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Amoah AS, Obeng BB, Wilson MD, et al. (2011) High body mass index is not associated with atopy in schoolchildren living in rural and urban areas of Ghana. BMC Public Health 11: 469.
    • (2011) BMC Public Health , vol.11 , pp. 469
    • Larbi, I.A.1    Klipstein-Grobusch, K.2    Amoah, A.S.3    Obeng, B.B.4    Wilson, M.D.5
  • 264
    • 84856254652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of body weight disorders among adolescent school girls in Tarka, Nigeria
    • Goon DT, Toriola AL, Uever JN, Wuam S, Toriola OM (2011) Prevalence of body weight disorders among adolescent school girls in Tarka, Nigeria. Minerva Pediatr 63: 467-471.
    • (2011) Minerva Pediatr , vol.63 , pp. 467-471
    • Goon, D.T.1    Toriola, A.L.2    Uever, J.N.3    Wuam, S.4    Toriola, O.M.5
  • 265
    • 84874856675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hypertension in primary school-children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
    • Okoh BA, Alikor EA, Akani N (2012) Prevalence of hypertension in primary school-children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Paediatr Int Child Health 32: 208-212.
    • (2012) Paediatr Int Child Health , vol.32 , pp. 208-212
    • Okoh, B.A.1    Alikor, E.A.2    Akani, N.3
  • 266
    • 84869393207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated salivary C-reactive protein predicted by low cardio-respiratory fitness and being overweight in African children
    • Naidoo T, Konkol K, Biccard B, Dudose K, McKune AJ (2012) Elevated salivary C-reactive protein predicted by low cardio-respiratory fitness and being overweight in African children. Cardiovasc 23: 501-506.
    • (2012) Cardiovasc , vol.23 , pp. 501-506
    • Naidoo, T.1    Konkol, K.2    Biccard, B.3    Dudose, K.4    McKune, A.J.5
  • 267
    • 84877255338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in weight abnormality of school children and adolescents in Nigeria
    • (Faisalabad)
    • Chinedu SN, Eboji OK, Emiloju OC (2012) Trends in weight abnormality of school children and adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Medical Sciences (Faisalabad) 12: 239-243.
    • (2012) Journal of Medical Sciences , vol.12 , pp. 239-243
    • Chinedu, S.N.1    Eboji, O.K.2    Emiloju, O.C.3
  • 269
    • 0015180713 scopus 로고
    • A screening programme for rural school-children in Rhodesia: Pilot study
    • Davies JC (1971) A screening programme for rural school-children in Rhodesia: pilot study. Dev Med Child Neurol 13: 779-783.
    • (1971) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 779-783
    • Davies, J.C.1
  • 270
    • 0017694833 scopus 로고
    • The bearing of height, weight and skinfold thickness on obesity in four South African ethnic groups of school pupils of 17 years
    • Richardson BD, Wadvalla M (1977) The bearing of height, weight and skinfold thickness on obesity in four South African ethnic groups of school pupils of 17 years. Trop Geogr Med 29: 82-90. (Pubitemid 8095189)
    • (1977) Tropical and Geographical Medicine , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 82-90
    • Richardson, B.D.1    Wadvalla, M.2
  • 271
    • 0017161467 scopus 로고
    • Protein energy malnutrition in coloured children in Western Township, Johannesburg. Part II. Prevalence and severity
    • Margo G, Baroni Y, Brindley M, Green R, Metz J (1976) Protein energy malnutrition in coloured children in Western Township, Johannesburg. Part II. Prevalence and severity. SAMJ, S Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 50: 1241-1245.
    • (1976) SAMJ, S Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde , vol.50 , pp. 1241-1245
    • Margo, G.1    Baroni, Y.2    Brindley, M.3    Green, R.4    Metz, J.5
  • 273
    • 0017735766 scopus 로고
    • Underweight, stunting and wasting in black and white South African schoolchildren: Malnutrition or adaptation?
    • Richardson BD (1977) Underweight, stunting and wasting in black and white South African schoolchildren: malnutrition or adaptation? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 71: 210-216.
    • (1977) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.71 , pp. 210-216
    • Richardson, B.D.1
  • 277
    • 0018358685 scopus 로고
    • Anthropometric survey of children in rural Khartoum, Sudan
    • DOI 10.1080/03014467900003481
    • Sukkar MY, Kemm JR, Makeen AM, Khalid MH (1979) Anthropometric survey of children in rural Khartoum, Sudan. Ann Hum Biol 6: 147-158. (Pubitemid 9175221)
    • (1979) Annals of Human Biology , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 147-158
    • Sukkar, M.Y.1    Kemm, J.R.2    Makeen, A.M.3    Khalid, M.H.4
  • 278
    • 0019418144 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional status, globulin titers, and parasitic infections of two populations of Tanzanian school children
    • Carswell F, Hughes AO, Palmer RI, Higginson J, Harland PS, et al. (1981) Nutritional status, globulin titers, and parasitic infections of two populations of Tanzanian school children. Am J Clin Nutr 34: 1292-1299. (Pubitemid 11054944)
    • (1981) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.34 , Issue.7 , pp. 1292-1299
    • Carswell, F.1    Hughes, A.O.2    Palmer, R.I.3
  • 280
    • 0020406344 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study on poly-parasitism and the size of primary school children in Kenya
    • Griffin L, Fast M (1982) A preliminary study on poly-parasitism and the size of primary school children in Kenya. Cent Afr J Med 28: 219-222. (Pubitemid 13181706)
    • (1982) Central African Journal of Medicine , vol.28 , Issue.9 , pp. 219-222
    • Griffin, L.1    Fast, M.2
  • 281
    • 0020135056 scopus 로고
    • Age-independent anthropometry: An examination of data from rural Khartoum, Sudan
    • Sukkar MY, Kemm JR, Kardesh M (1982) Age-independent anthropometry: an examination of data from rural Khartoum, Sudan. Ann Hum Biol 9: 265-275.
    • (1982) Ann Hum Biol , vol.9 , pp. 265-275
    • Sukkar, M.Y.1    Kemm, J.R.2    Kardesh, M.3
  • 282
    • 0020039974 scopus 로고
    • An anthropometric study of young schoolchildren in an area of Cape Town
    • Power DJ (1982) An anthropometric study of young schoolchildren in an area of Cape Town. SAMJ, S Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 61: 303-305.
    • (1982) SAMJ, S Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde , vol.61 , pp. 303-305
    • Power, D.J.1
  • 283
  • 284
    • 0020649181 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of obesity among Nigerian school children
    • Akesode FA, Ajibode HA (1983) Prevalence of obesity among Nigerian school children. Soc Sci Med 17: 107-111.
    • (1983) Soc Sci Med , vol.17 , pp. 107-111
    • Akesode, F.A.1    Ajibode, H.A.2
  • 285
    • 0021482542 scopus 로고
    • Growth of urban and rural children in Zambia (a limited study)
    • Ng'andu NH (1984) Growth of urban and rural children in Zambia (a limited study). Med J Zambia 18: 30-35.
    • (1984) Med J Zambia , vol.18 , pp. 30-35
    • Ng'andu, N.H.1
  • 289
    • 0030964347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy intakes, anthropometry and body composition of Nigerian adolescent girls: A case study of an institutionalized secondary school in Ibadan
    • DOI 10.1079/BJN19970052
    • Cole AH, Taiwo OO, Nwagbara NI, Cole CE (1997) Energy intakes, anthropometry and body composition of Nigerian adolescent girls: a case study of an institutionalized secondary school in Ibadan. Br J Nutr 77: 497-509. (Pubitemid 27273628)
    • (1997) British Journal of Nutrition , vol.77 , Issue.4 , pp. 497-509
    • Cole, A.H.1    Taiwo, O.O.2    Nwagbara, N.I.3    Cole, C.E.4
  • 290
    • 0031044438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fat mass, fat mass percentage, body mass index, and mid-upper arm circumference in a healthy population of Nigerian children
    • Owa JA, Adejuyigbe O (1997) Fat mass, fat mass percentage, body mass index, and mid-upper arm circumference in a healthy population of Nigerian children. J Trop Pediatr 43: 13-19. (Pubitemid 27105685)
    • (1997) Journal of Tropical Pediatrics , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-19
    • Owa, J.A.1    Adejuyigbe, O.2
  • 291
    • 0033940782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age, sex and anthropometric status of children in an African pastoral community
    • Sellen DW (2000) Age, sex and anthropometric status of children in an African pastoral community. Ann Hum Biol 27: 345-365.
    • (2000) Ann Hum Biol , vol.27 , pp. 345-365
    • Sellen, D.W.1
  • 292
    • 0041513446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional status of school-age children in Brazzaville: Effects of environmental factors
    • [French]
    • Mabalia-Babela JR, Massamba A, Ntsila R, Senga P (2003) [Nutritional status of school-age children in Brazzaville: effects of environmental factors]. [French]. Arch Pediatr 10: 732-733.
    • (2003) Arch Pediatr , vol.10 , pp. 732-733
    • Mabalia-Babela, J.R.1    Massamba, A.2    Ntsila, R.3    Senga, P.4
  • 294
    • 25844467747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of body mass on exercise-induced bronchospasm and atopy in African children
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.05.025, PII S0091674905013540
    • Calvert J, Burney P (2005) Effect of body mass on exercise-induced bronchospasm and atopy in African children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 116: 773-779. (Pubitemid 41400541)
    • (2005) Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , vol.116 , Issue.4 , pp. 773-779
    • Calvert, J.1    Burney, P.2
  • 296
    • 82255174063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and physical fitness of socially disadvantaged boys and girls aged 8-17 years living in the Western Cape, South Africa
    • Travill AL (2007) Growth and physical fitness of socially disadvantaged boys and girls aged 8-17 years living in the Western Cape, South Africa. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance 13: 279-293.
    • (2007) African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance , vol.13 , pp. 279-293
    • Travill, A.L.1
  • 297
    • 73449084117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of nutritional status, sickle cell trait, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, iron deficiency and asymptomatic malaria infection in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
    • Jeremiah ZA, Uko EK, Usanga EA (2008) Relation of nutritional status, sickle cell trait, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, iron deficiency and asymptomatic malaria infection in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Medical Sciences 8: 269-274.
    • (2008) Journal of Medical Sciences , vol.8 , pp. 269-274
    • Jeremiah, Z.A.1    Uko, E.K.2    Usanga, E.A.3
  • 298
    • 78049451249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of maternal calcium supplementation on offspring blood pressure in 5- to 10-y-old rural Gambian children
    • Hawkesworth S, Sawo Y, Fulford AJ, Goldberg GR, Jarjou LM, et al. (2010) Effect of maternal calcium supplementation on offspring blood pressure in 5- to 10-y-old rural Gambian children. Am J Clin Nutr 92: 741-747.
    • (2010) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.92 , pp. 741-747
    • Hawkesworth, S.1    Sawo, Y.2    Fulford, A.J.3    Goldberg, G.R.4    Jarjou, L.M.5
  • 299
    • 79952203288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of child and teenage obesity in schools in Dakar
    • [French]
    • Faye J, Diop M, Gati OR, Seck M, Mandengue SH, et al. (2011) [Prevalence of child and teenage obesity in schools in Dakar]. [French]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 104: 49-52.
    • (2011) Bull Soc Pathol Exot , vol.104 , pp. 49-52
    • Faye, J.1    Diop, M.2    Gati, O.R.3    Seck, M.4    Mandengue, S.H.5
  • 300
    • 85007290167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern and determinants of obesity among adolescent females in private and public schools in olorunda local government area of osun state, Nigeria: A comparative study
    • Olubanji Ojofeitimi E, Iyanuoluwa Olugbenga-Bello A, debode Adekanle D, Adeomi AA (2011) Pattern and determinants of obesity among adolescent females in private and public schools in olorunda local government area of osun state, Nigeria: a comparative study. Journal of Public Health in Africa 2: e11.
    • (2011) Journal of Public Health in Africa , vol.2
    • Olubanji Ojofeitimi, E.1    Iyanuoluwa Olugbenga-Bello, A.2    Debode Adekanle, D.3    Adeomi, A.A.4
  • 302
    • 0034611996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey
    • Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH (2000) Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 320: 1240-1243. (Pubitemid 30240471)
    • (2000) British Medical Journal , vol.320 , Issue.7244 , pp. 1240-1243
    • Cole, T.J.1    Bellizzi, M.C.2    Flegal, K.M.3    Dietz, W.H.4
  • 305
    • 58149156031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overweight Canadian children and adolescents
    • Shields M (2005) Overweight Canadian children and adolescents. Health Rep 17: 27-42.
    • (2005) Health Rep , vol.17 , pp. 27-42
    • Shields, M.1
  • 306
    • 85047695223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal trends in overweight and obesity in Canada, 1981-1996
    • DOI 10.1038/sj/ijo/0801923
    • Tremblay M, Katzmarzyk P, Willms J (2002) Temporal trends in overweight and obesity in Canada, 1981-1996. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 26: 538-543. (Pubitemid 34407267)
    • (2002) International Journal of Obesity , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 538-543
    • Tremblay, M.S.1    Katzmarzyk, P.T.2    Willms, J.D.3
  • 307
    • 84856433589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010
    • Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM (2012) Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010. JAMA 307: 483-490.
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.307 , pp. 483-490
    • Ogden, C.L.1    Carroll, M.D.2    Kit, B.K.3    Flegal, K.M.4
  • 308
    • 77952172540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian obesity estimates based on WHO, IOTF and CDC cut-points
    • Shields M, Tremblay MS (2010) Canadian obesity estimates based on WHO, IOTF and CDC cut-points. Int J Pediatr Obes 3: 265-73.
    • (2010) Int J Pediatr Obes , vol.3 , pp. 265-273
    • Shields, M.1    Tremblay, M.S.2
  • 309
    • 77956276722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends and issues in child undernutrition
    • Jamison DT, Feachem RG, Makgoba MW, Bos ER, Baingana FK, Hofman KJ, et al., editors. 2nd edition. Washington, DC: World Bank. Available: Accessed 24 June 2013
    • Benson T, Shekar M. (2006) Trends and issues in child undernutrition. In: Jamison DT, Feachem RG, Makgoba MW, Bos ER, Baingana FK, Hofman KJ, et al., editors. Disease and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. 2nd edition. Washington, DC: World Bank. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2301/. Accessed 24 June 2013.
    • (2006) Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa
    • Benson, T.1    Shekar, M.2
  • 310
  • 312
    • 84872863227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Over weight and obesity in children and adolescents: Results from the 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey
    • Roberts KC, Shields M, de Groh M, Aziz A, Gilbert JA (2012) Over weight and obesity in children and adolescents: results from the 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Health Rep 23: 37-41.
    • (2012) Health Rep , vol.23 , pp. 37-41
    • Roberts, K.C.1    Shields, M.2    De Groh, M.3    Aziz, A.4    Gilbert, J.A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.