Cross-sectional growth of pastoralist Karimojong and Turkana children

American Journal of Physical Anthropology

Volumn 125, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 193-202

  Gray, Sandra J ^a   Wiebusch, Brandi ^a   Akol, Helen A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

^b 622 Fraser Hall ^*

Author keywords

Child growth in Africa; Human growth plasticity; Nilotic physique

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY BUILD; BODY MASS; BODY SIZE; CHILD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION; FEMALE; GROWTH; HUMAN; MALE; MORPHOLOGICAL TRAIT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICA; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; ANTHROPOMETRY; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY MASS INDEX; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; ENVIRONMENT; ETHNIC GROUPS; FEMALE; GROWTH; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; RURAL POPULATION;

EID: 4544249508     PISSN: 00029483     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.10377     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Akol HA, Gray SJ. Unpublished manuscript. Event calendar for Bokora and Matheniko territorial sections, 1910-1998.
2. Alien JA. 1877. The influence of physical conditions on the genesis of species. Rad Rev 1:108-140.
3. Barber J. 1968. Imperial frontier. Nairobi: East African Publishing House.
4. Barton T, Wamai G. 1994. Equity and vulnerability: a situation analysis of women, adolescents and children in Uganda, 1994. Kampala, Uganda: Government of Uganda and Uganda National Council for Children.
5. Benefice E, Malina R. 1996. Body size, body composition and motor performances of mild-to-moderately undernourished Senegalese children. Ann Hum Biol 23:307-321.
6. Bergmann C. 1847. Uber die Verhaltniesse der Warmeokonomie der Thiere zu ihrer Grosse. Gottingen Stud 1:595-708.
7. Billewicz WZ, McGregor IA. 1982. A birth-to-maturity longitudinal study of heights and weights in two West African (Gambian) villages, 1951-1975. Ann Hum Biol 9:309-320.
8. Bourguignon JP, Belgian Study Group for Paediatric Endocrinology. 1988. Variations in duration of pubertal growth: a mechanism compensating for differences in timing of puberty and minimizing their effects on final height. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 347:16-24.
9. Bowie MD, Moodie AD, Mann MD, Hansen JDL. 1980. A prospective 15-year follow-up study of kwashiorkor patients. S Afr Med J 58:671-676.
10. Broch-Due V, Anderson DM, editors. 1999. The poor are not us: poverty and pastoralism in East Africa. London: James Currey, Ltd.
11. Brodsky IG. 1999. Hormone, cytokine, and nutrient interactions. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, editors. Modern nutrition in health and disease, 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. p 699-724.
12. Cameron N. 1991. Human growth, nutrition, and health status in sub-Saharan Africa. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 34:211-250.
13. Cameron N. 1997. Growth and health in a developing country: the South African experience 1984-1994. In: Roberts DF, Rudan P, Skaric-Juric T, editors. Growth and development in the changing world. Zagreb: Croatian Anthropological Society, p 131-156.
14. Cameron N, Kgamphe JS. 1993. The growth of South African rural black children. S Afr Med J 83:184-190.
15. Cameron N, Gordon-Larsen P, Wrchota EM. 1994. Longitudinal analysis of adolescent growth in height, fatness, and fat patterning in rural South African black children. Am J Phys Anthropol 93:307-321.
16. Chaning-Pearce SM, Solomon L. 1986. A longitudinal study of the growth of black and white Johannesburg school children. S Afr Med J 70:743-746.
17. Davies CTM, Mbelwa D, Dore C. 1974. Physical growth and development of urban and rural East African children, aged 7-16 years. Ann Hum Biol 1:257-268.
18. Dyson-Hudson N. 1966. Karimojong politics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
19. Dyson-Hudson R, McCabe JT Mccabe. 1985. South Turkana nomadism: coping with an unpredictably varying environment. Human Relations Area Files, Inc. New Haven: IIRAFlex Books Ethnography Series.
20. Eveleth PB, Tanner JM. 1990. Worldwide variation in human growth, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
21. Evindar A. 1999. Nutritional and immune status of Turkana males in 1994. MS thesis in biology. Boston: University of Massachusetts.
22. Froment A, Hiernaux J. 1984. Climate-associated anthropometric variation between populations of the Niger bend. Ann Hum Biol 11:189-200.
23. Galvin KA. 1985. Food procurement, diet, activities and nutrition of Ngisonyoka, Turkana pastoralists in an ecological and social context. PhD dissertation in anthropology. Binghamton: State University of New York.
24. Galvin KA. 1992. Nutritional ecology of pastoralists in dry tropical Africa. Am J Hum Biol 4:209-221.
25. Galvin KA, Little MA. 1999. Dietary intake and nutritional status. In: Little MA, Leslie PW, editors. Turkana herders of the dry savanna: ecology and biobehavioural response of nomads to an uncertain environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p 125-145.
26. Gifford-Gonzales D. 1998. Early pastoralists in East Africa: ecological and social dimensions. J Anthropol Archaeol 17:166-200.
27. Gray SJ. 1992. Infant care and feeding among nomadic Turkana pastoralists of northwest Kenya: implications for fertility and child survival. PhD dissertation in anthropology. Binghamton: State University of New York.
28. Gray SJ. 1996. Ecology of weaning among nomadic Turkana pastoralists of Kenya: maternal thinking, maternal behavior, and human adaptive strategies. Hum Biol 68:437-465.
29. Gray SJ. 1998. Butterfat feeding in infancy in African populations: new hypotheses. Am J Hum Biol 10:163-178.
30. Gray SJ. 2000. The memory of loss: ecological politics, local history, and the evolution of Karimojong violence. Hum Org 59:401-418.
31. Gray SJ. 2002. Growth in puberty of pastoralist children in Turkana, Kenya, and Moroto, Uganda: a life history perspective. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the Human Biology Association, April 14-16, 2002. Buffalo, NY.
32. Gray SJ. In press. Pastoralist identity and the experience of violence in southern Karamoja. In: Schlee G, Watson E, editors. Changing identifications and alliances in north-eastern Africa. Oxford: James Currey Publishers.
33. Gray SJ, Sundal M, Wiebusch BI, Little MA, Leslie PW, Pike IL. ND. 2003. Cattle raiding, cultural survival, and adaptability of East Africa pastoralists. Curr Anthropol Supp: in press.
34. Groff JL, Gropper SS. 2000. Advanced nutrition and human metabolism, 3rd ed. Belmont: Wadsworth/Thomas Learning.
35. Hamada Y, Udono T. 2002. Longitudinal analysis of length growth in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Am J Phys Anthropol 118:268-284.
36. Henneberg M, Louw GJ. 1998. Cross-sectional survey of growth if urban and rural "Cape Coloured" schoolchildren: anthropometry and functional tests. Am J Hum Biol 10:73-85.
37. Hulanicka B, Kotlarz K. 1983. The final phase of growth in height. Ann Hum Biol 10:429-434.
38. Jelliffe DB, Bennett FJ, Jelliffe EFP, et al. 1964. Ecology of childhood disease in the Karamojong of Uganda. Arch Environ Health 9:25-36.
39. Kark E. 1953. The growth and nutritional status of Bantu girls in Durban. S Afr J Med Sci 18:109-124.
40. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Gurmmer-Strawn LM, et al. 2000. CDC growth charts: United States. NCHS advance data 314. Hyattsville: USDHHS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
41. Lamphear J. 1976. The traditional history of the Jie of Uganda. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
42. Leslie PW, Dyson-Hudson R, Fry PH. 1999. Population replacement and persistence. In: Little MA, Leslie PW, editors. Turkana herders of the dry savanna: ecology and biobehavioural response of nomads to an uncertain environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p 281-301.
43. Lindgren G. 1978. Growth of schoolchildren with early, average and late ages of peak height velocity. Ann Hum Biol 5:253-267.
44. Little MA, Gray SJ. 1990. Growth of young nomadic and settled Turkana children. Med Anthropol Q 4:296-314.
45. Little MA, Johnson BR. 1987. Mixed longitudinal growth of Turkana pastoralists. Hum Biol 59:695-707.
46. Little MA, Galvin KA, Mugambi M. 1983. Cross-sectional growth of nomadic Turkana pastoralists. Hum Biol 55:811-830.
47. Little MA, Gray SJ, Leslie PW. 1993. Growth of nomadic and settled Turkana infants of northwest Kenya. Am J Phys Anthropol 92:273-289.
48. Little MA, Gray SJ, Pike IL, et al. 1999. Infant, child, and adolescent growth, and adult physical status. In: Little MA, Leslie PW, editors. Turkana herders of the dry savanna: ecology and biobehavioural response of nomads to an uncertain environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p 187-204.
49. Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R, editors. 1988. Anthropometric standardization reference manual. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books.
50. Lutheran World Federation Research Team. 1997. Ngimonia... the county chief of Matheniko. Field report of Matheniko traditional and Introduced institutions. Moroto: Karamoja Rural Development Programme.
51. Lutheran World Federation Research Team. 1998. Ngibokora-Ngikarimojong ngulu ka amuro (The real Karimojong). Field report of the traditional institutions in Bokora County. Moroto: Karamoja Agro-Pastoral Development Programme.
52. Petit-Maire-Heintz N. 1962. Croissance et puberté féminines au Rwanda. Mem Acad R Sci Nat Med 12:1-143.
53. Richardson, BD. 1978. Growth patterns of South African children: an overview. South African J Science 74:246-249.
54. Roberts DF. 1960. Effects of race and climate on human growth as exemplified by studies on African children. In: Tanner JM, editor. Human growth. Oxford: Pergamon Press, p 59-72.
55. Roberts DF. 1978. Climate and human variability, 2nd ed. Menlo Park: Cummings Publishing.
56. Roberts DF, Bainbridge DR. 1963. Nilotic physique. Am J Phys Anthropol 21:341-170.
57. Ruff CB. 1994. Morphological adaptation to climate in modern and fossil hominids. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 37:65-107.
58. Rutisheyer IHE, Whitehead RG. 1969. Field evaluation of two biochemical tests which may reflect nutritional status in three areas of Uganda. Br J Nutr 23:1-13.
59. Sellen DW. 1999. Growth patterns among seminomadic pastoralists (Datoga) of Tanzania. Am J Phys Anthropol 109:187-209.
60. Shell-Duncan B, Shelley JK, Leslie PW. 1999. Health and morbidity: ethnomedical and epidemiological perspectives. In: Little MA, Leslie PW, editors. Turkana herders of the dry savanna: ecology and biobehavioural response of nomads to an uncertain environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p 207-229.
61. Smith AB. 1992. Pastoralism in Africa: origins and development ecology. London: Hurst & Co.
62. Sundal M. 2002. Mortality and causes of death among Karimojong agropastoralists of northeast Uganda, 1940-1999. MA thesis in anthropology. Lawrence: University of Kansas.
63. Tanner JM. 1963. The regulation of human growth. Child Dev 34:817-847.
64. Tanner JM. 1986a. Use and abuse of growth standards. In: Falkner F, Tanner JM, editors. Human growth: a comprehensive treatise, 2nd edition, volume 3. New York: Plenum Press, p 95-109.
65. Tanner JM. 1986b. Growth as a target-seeking function: catch-up and catch-down growth in man. In: Falkner F, Tanner JM, editors. Human growth: a comprehensive treatise, 2nd edition, volume 1. New York: Plenum Press, p 167-179.
66. Temple NJ, Steyn K, Hoffman M, Levitt NS, Lombard CJ. 2001. The epidemic of obesity in South Africa: a study in a disadvantaged community. Ethnic Dis 11:431-437.
67. Vossen R. 1982. The eastern Nilotes: linguistic and historical reconstructions. Berlin: D. Reimer.
68. Waddington CH. 1957. The strategy of the genes. New York: MacMillan Co.
69. Wardlaw GM, Kessel MK. 2002. Perspectives in nutrition. Fifth edition. Boston: McGraw Hill.
70. Wiebusch BI. 2002. Environmental effects on mixed-longitudinal growth in weight of immunized Karimojong children. MA thesis in anthropology. Lawrence: University of Kansas.
71. Zverev Y, Gondwe M. 2001. Growth of urban school children in Malawi. Ann Hum Biol 28:384-394.