Lessons from community mental health to drive implementation in health care systems for people with long-term conditions

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Volumn 11, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 4714-4728

  Tansella, Michele ^a   Thornicroft, Graham ^b   Lempp, Heidi ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VERONA   (Italy)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Chronic disorders; Community mental health; Integrated care; Long term conditions; Mental health care and services

Indexed keywords

HEALTH CARE; HEALTH SERVICES; MENTAL HEALTH; QUALITY OF LIFE;

ACCOUNTABILITY; ARTICLE; CASE MANAGEMENT; CHRONIC DISEASE; COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH; COMPREHENSIVENESS; COORDINATION; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; CRISIS THEORY; EQUITY; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HUMAN; LONG TERM CARE; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; PATIENT AUTONOMY; PATIENT CARE; PRODUCTIVITY; QUALITY OF LIFE; SELF CARE; COMMUNITY CARE; MENTAL DISORDERS; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT;

COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES; COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES; DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE; LONG-TERM CARE; MENTAL DISORDERS;

EID: 84899885368     PISSN: 16617827     EISSN: 16604601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110504714     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Rose, D.; Lucas, J. The User and Survivor Movement in Europe. In Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe. The Future Direction of Mental Health Care; Knapp, M., McDaid, D., Mossialos, E., Thornicroft, G., Eds.; Open University Press: Milton Keynes, UK, 2006
2. Naylor, C.D.; Parsonage, M.; McDaid, D.; Knapp, M.; Fossey, M.; Galea, A. Long-Term Conditions and Mental Health: The Cost of Co-Morbidities; King's Fund and Centre for Mental Health: London, UK, 2012
3. Thornicroft, G.; Gooch, C.; Dayson, D. The TAPS project. 17: Readmission to hospital for long term psychiatric patients after discharge to the community. BMJ 1992, 305, 996-998
4. Thornicroft, G.; Tansella, M. Better Mental Health Care; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2009
5. Ormel, J.; Petukhova, M.; Chatterji, S.; Guilar-Gaxiola, S.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Bromet, E.J.; Burger, H.; Demyttenaere, K.; de Girolamo, G.; et al. Estability and treatment of specific mental and physical disorders across the world. Br. J. Psychiatry 2008, 192, 368-375
6. Thornicroft, G. Most people with mental illness are not treated. Lancet 2007, 370, 807-808
7. Clement, S.; Brohan, E.; Jeffery, D.; Henderson, C.; Hatch, S.L.; Thornicroft, G. Development and psychometric properties the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation scale (BACE) related to people with mental ill health. BMC Psychiatty 2012, 12, doi:10.1186/1471-244X-12-36
8. Clement, S.; Schauman, O.; Graham, T.; Maggioni, F.; Evans-Lacko, S.; Bezborodovs, N.; Morgan, C.; Rusch, N.; Brown, J.S.; Thornicroft, G. What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Psychol. Med. 2014, 26, 1-17
9. Brohan, E.; Henderson, C.; Slade, M.; Thornicroft, G. Development and preliminary evaluation of a decision aid for disclosure of mental illness to employers. Patient Educ. Couns. 2014, 94, 238-242
10. Mead, N.; MacDonald, W.; Bower, P.; Lovell, K.; Richards, D.; Roberts, C.; Bucknall, A. The clinical effectiveness of guided self-help versus waiting-list control in the management of anxiety and depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychol. Med. 2005, 35, 1633-1643
11. Hewlett, S.; Ambler, N.; Almeida, C.; Cliss, A.; Hammond, A.; Kitchen, K.; Knops, B.; Pope, D.; Spears, M.; Swinkels, A., et al. Self-management of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: A randomised controlled trial of group cognitive-behavioural therapy. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2011, 70, 1060-1067
12. Barlow, J.; Turner, A.; Swaby, L.; Gilchrist, M.; Wright, C.; Doherty, M. An 8-yr follow-up of arthritis self-management programme participants. Rheumatology 2009, 48, 128-133
13. Barlow, J.; Wright, C.; Sheasby, J.; Turner, A.; Hainsworth, J. Self-management approaches for people with chronic conditions: A review. Patient Educ. Couns. 2002, 48, 177-187
14. Chodosh, J.; Morton, S.C.; Mojica, W.; Maglione, M.; Suttorp, M.J.; Hilton, L.; Rhodes, S.; Shekelle, P. Meta-analysis: Chronic disease self-management programs for older adults. Ann. Int. Med. 2005, 143, 427-438
15. Johnson, S.; Prosser, D.; Bindman, J.; Szmukler, G. Continuity of care for the severely mentally ill: Concepts and measures. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 1997, 32, 137-142
16. Bindman, J.; Johnson, S.; Szmukler, G.; Wright, S.; Kuipers, E.; Thornicroft, G.; Bebbington, P.; Leese, M. Continuity of care and clinical outcome: A prospective cohort study. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 2000, 35, 242-247
17. Marshall, M.; Lockwood, A. Assertive community treatment for people with severe mental disorders. Cochrane Database. Syst. Rev. 2000, 34, 577-601
18. Warren, J.; Bambra, C.; Kasim, A.; Garthwaite, K.; Mason, J.; Booth, M. Prospective pilot evaluation of the effectiveness and cost-utility of a "health first" case management service for long-term Incapacity Benefit recipients. J. Public Health 2014, 36, 117-125
19. Cowie, L.; Morgan, M.; White, P.; Gulliford, M. Experience of continuity of care of patients with multiple long-term conditions in England. J. Health Serv. Res. Policy 2009, 14, 82-87
20. Leucht, S.; Hierl, S.; Kissling, W.; Dold, M.; Davis, J.M. Putting the efficacy of psychiatric and general medicine medication into perspective: Review of meta-analyses. Br. J. Psychiatry 2012, 200, 97-106
21. Hamer, L. Improving Patient Access to Health Services: A National Review and Case Studies of Current Approaches; Health Development Agency: London, UK, 2004
22. Pollard, L.C.; Graves, H.; Scott, D.L.; Kingsley, G.H.; Lempp, H. Perceived barriers to integrated care in rheumatoid arthritis: Views of recipients and providers of care in an inner-city setting. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011, 12, doi:10.1186/1471-2474-12-19
23. Saxena, S.; Thornicroft, G.; Knapp, M.; Whiteford, H. Resources for mental health: Scarcity, inequity, and inefficiency. Lancet 2007, 370, 878-889
24. Furler, J.; Harris, M.; Rogers, A. Equity and long-term condition self-management. Chronic Illn. 2011, 7, 3-5
25. Smith, D.B.; Feng, Z.; Fennell, M.L.; Zinn, J.; Mor, V. Racial disparities in access to long-term care: The illusive pursuit of equity. J. Health Polit. Policy Law 2008, 33, 861-881
26. Mathur, R.; Badrick, E.; Boomla, K.; Bremner, S.; Hull, S.; Robson, J. Prescribing in general practice for people with coronary heart disease; Equity by age, sex, ethnic group and deprivation. Ethnic Health 2011, 16, 107-123
27. Deeming, C.; Keen, J. Choice and equity: Lessons from long term care. BMJ 2004, 328, 1389-1390
28. Ganju, V. Mental health quality and accountability: The role of evidence-based practices and performance measurement. Adm. Policy Ment. Health 2006, 33, 659-665
29. Kilbourne, A.M.; Fullerton, C.; Dausey, D.; Pincus, H.A.; Hermann, R.C. A framework for measuring quality and promoting accountability across silos: The case of mental disorders and co-occurring conditions. Qual. Saf. Health Care 2010, 19, 113-116
30. Redman, B.K. Accountability for patient self-management of chronic conditions; Ethical analysis and a proposal. Chronic Illn. 2007, 3, 88-95
31. Kmietowicz, Z. GPs are key to effective coordination of care for people with chronic conditions, study concludes. BMJ 2013, 347, doi:10.1136/bmj.f6349
32. Thornicroft, G.; Ward, P.; James, S. Care management and mental health. BMJ 1993, 306, 768-771
33. Simpson, A.; Miller, C.; Bowers, L. Case management models and the care programme approach: How to make the CPA effective and credible. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 2003, 10, 472-483
34. Burgess, T.; Young, M.; Crawford, G.B.; Brooksbank, M.A.; Brown, M. Best-practice care for people with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The potential role of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease care co-ordinator. Aust. Health Rev. 2013, 37, 474-481
35. Wagner, E.H.; Austin, B.T.; Davis, C.; Hindmarsh, M.; Schaefer, J.; Bonomi, A. Improving chronic illness care: Translating evidence into action. Health Aff. 2001, 20, 64-67
36. Rose, D. Users' Voices, the Perspectives of Mental Health Service Users on Community and hospital care; The Sainsbury Centre: London, UK, 2001
37. Thornicroft, G.; Tansella, M. Growing recognition of the importance of service user involvement in mental health service planning and evaluation. Epidemiol. Psichiatr. Soc. 2005, 14, 1-3
38. Stein, B.D.; Kogan, J.N.; Mihalyo, M.J.; Schuster, J.; Deegan, P.E.; Sorbero, M.J.; Drake, R.E. Use of a computerized medication shared decision making tool in community mental health settings: Impact on psychotropic medication adherence. Community Ment. Health J. 2013, 49, 185-192
39. Whitley, R.; Strickler, D.; Drake, R.E. Recovery centers for people with severe mental illness: A survey of programs. Community Ment. Health J. 2012, 48, 547-556
40. Slade, M. Personal Recovery and Mental Illness. A Guide for Mental Health Professionals; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2009
41. Perry, J.; Watkins, M.; Gilbert, A.; Rawlinson, J. A systematic review of the evidence on service user involvement in interpersonal skills training of mental health students. J. Psychiatr. Mental Health Nursing 2013, 20, 525-540
42. Pinfold, V.; Thornicroft, G.; Huxley, P.; Farmer, P. Active ingredients in anti-stigma programmes in mental health. Int. Rev. Psychiatry 2005, 17, 123-131
43. Harding, E.; Pettinari, C.J.; Brown, D.; Hayward, M.; Taylor, C. Service user involvement in clinical guideline development and implementation: Learning from mental health service users in the UK. Int. Rev. Psychiatry 2011, 23, 352-357
44. Kendall, T.; Glover, N.; Taylor, C.; Pilling, S. Quality, bias and service user experience in healthcare: 10 years of mental health guidelines at the UK National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. Int. Rev. Psychiatry 2011, 23, 342-351
45. Lasalvia, A.; Bonetto, C.; Tansella, M.; Stefani, B.; Ruggeri, M. Does staff-patient agreement on needs for care predict a better mental health outcome? A 4-year follow-up in a community service. Psychol. Med. 2008, 38, 123-133
46. Slade, M.; Leese, M.; Cahill, S.; Thornicroft, G.; Kuipers, E. Patient-rated mental health needs and quality of life improvement. Br. J. Psychiatry 2005, 187, 256-261
47. Gillard, S.; Borschmann, R.; Turner, K.; Goodrich-Purnell, N.; Lovell, K.; Chambers, M. "What difference does it make?" Finding evidence of the impact of mental health service user researchers on research into the experiences of detained psychiatric patients. Health Expect 2010, 13, 185-194
48. Rose, D.S.; Wykes, T.H.; Bindman, J.P.; Fleischmann, P.S. Information, consent and perceived coercion: Patients' perspectives on electroconvulsive therapy. Br. J. Psychiatry 2005, 186, 54-59
49. Bradshaw, P.L. Service user involvement in the NHS in England: Genuine user participation or a dogma-driven folly? J. Nurs. Manag. 2008, 16, 673-681
50. Luqmani, R.; Hennell, S.; Estrach, C.; Basher, D.; Birrell, F.; Bosworth, A.; Burke, F.; Callaghan, C.; Candal-Couto, J.; Fokke, C., et al. British society for rheumatology and British health professionals in rheumatology guideline for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (after the first 2 years). Rheumatology 2009, 48, 436-439
51. Hewlett, S.; de Witt, M.; Richards, P.; Quest, E.; Hughes, R.; Heiberg, T.; Kirwan, J.R. Patients and professionals as research partners: Benefits, challenges and practicalities. Arthritis Care Res. 2006, 55, 676-680
52. Heisler, M. Different models to mobilize peer support to improve diabetes self-management and clinical outcomes: Evidence, logistics, evaluation considerations and needs for future research. Fam. Pract. 2010, 27, i23-i32
53. Ozanne, E.M.; Howe, R.; Omer, Z.; Esserman, L.J. Development of a personalized decision aid for breast cancer risk reduction and management. BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak. 2014, 14, doi:10.1186/1472-6947-14-4
54. Cooke, M.; Campbell, M. Comparing patient and professional views of expected treatment outcomes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A Delphi study identifies possibilities for change in service delivery in England, UK. J. Clin. Nurs. 2014, 1, doi:10.1111/jocn.12459
55. Riva, S.; Bullinger, M.; Amann, E.; von Mackensen, S. Content comparison of haemophilia specific patient-rated outcome measures with the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF, ICF-CY). Health Qual. Life Outcomes 2010, 8, doi:10.1186/1477-7525-8-139
56. Pope, J. Measures of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and Scleroderma HAQ (SHAQ), physician- and patient-rated global assessments, Symptom Burden Index (SBI), University of California, Los Angeles, Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium Gastrointestinal Scale (UCLA SCTC GIT) 2.0, Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI) and Transition Dyspnea Index (TDI) (Mahler's Index), Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR), and Raynaud's Condition Score (RCS). Arthritis Care Res. 2011, 63, S98-S111
57. Chang, S.; Newton, P.J.; Inglis, S.; Luckett, T.; Krum, H.; Macdonald, P.; Davidson, P.M. Are all outcomes in chronic heart failure rated equally? An argument for a patient-centred approach to outcome assessment. Heart Fail. Rev. 2014, 19, 153-162
58. Patel, K.K.; Veenstra, D.L.; Patrick, D.L. A review of selected patient-generated outcome measures and their application in clinical trials. Value Health 2003, 6, 595-603
59. Priebe, S.; Golden, E.; McCabe, R.; Reininghaus, U. Patient-reported outcome data generated in a clinical intervention in community mental health care-psychometric properties. BMC Psychiatry 2012, 12, doi:10.1186/1471-244X-12-113
60. Milne, J.L.; Robert, M.; Tang, S.; Drummond, N.; Ross, S. Goal achievement as a patient-generated outcome measure for stress urinary incontinence. Health Expect 2009, 12, 288-300
61. Trujols, J.; Portella, M.J.; Iraurgi, I.; Campins, M.J.; Sinol, N.; de Los Cobos, J.P. Patient-reported outcome measures: Are they patient-generated, patient-centred or patient-valued? J. Ment. Health 2013, 22, 555-562
62. Nicklin, J.; Cramp, F.; Kirwan, J.; Urban, M.; Hewlett, S. Collaboration with patients in the design of patient-reported outcome measures: Capturing the experience of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 2010, 62, 1552-1558
63. Hofmann, D.; Ibrahim, F.; Rose, D.; Scott, D.L.; Cope, A.; Wykes, T.; Lempp, H. Expectations of new treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: Developing a patient-generated questionnaire. Health Expect 2013, 4, doi:10.1111/hex.12073
64. Von Korff, M.; Gruman, J.; Schaefer, J.; Curry, S.J.; Wagner, E.H. Collaborative management of chronic illness. Ann. Int. Med. 1997, 127, 1097-1102
65. Epping-Jordan, J.E.; Pruitt, S.D.; Bengoa, R.; Wagner, E.H. Improving the quality of health care for chronic conditions. Qual. Saf. Health Care 2004, 13, 299-305
66. Overland, J.; Mira, M.; Yue, D.K. Differential shared care for diabetes: Does it provide the optimal partition between primary and specialist care? Diabet. Med. 2001, 18, 554-557
67. Haynes, R.B.; Ackloo, E.; Sahota, N.; McDonald, H.P.; Yao, X. Interventions for enhancing medication adherence. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2008, 16, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000011.pub3
68. Andersen, R.M. National health surveys and the behavioral model of health services use. Med. Care 2008, 46, 647-653
69. Kessler, R.C.; Berglund, P.A.; Bruce, M.L.; Koch, J.R.; Laska, E.M.; Leaf, P.J.; Manderscheid, R.W.; Rosenheck, R.A.; Walters, E.E.; Wang, P.S. The prevalence and correlates of untreated serious mental illness. Health Serv. Res. 2001, 36, 987-1007
70. Schomerus, G.; Angermeyer, M.C. Stigma and its impact on help-seeking for mental disorders: What do we know? Epidemiol. Psichiatr. Soc. 2008, 17, 31-37
71. Thornicroft, G. Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care. Epidemiol. Psichiatr. Soc. 2008, 17, 14-19
72. Corrigan, P. How stigma interferes with mental health care. Am. Psychol. 2004, 59, 614-625
73. Gulliver, A.; Griffiths, K.; Christensen, H. Perceived barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking in young people: A systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2010, 10, doi:10.1186/1471-244X-10-113
74. Sirey, J.A.; Bruce, M.L.; Alexopoulos, G.S.; Perlick, D.A.; Raue, P.; Friedman, S.J.; Meyers, B.S. Perceived stigma as a predictor of treatment discontinuation in young and older outpatients with depression. Am. J. Psychiatry 2001, 158, 479-481
75. Corrigan, P.W.; Larson, J.E.; Rusch, N. Self-stigma and the "why try" effect: Impact on life goals and evidence-based practices. World Psychiatry 2009, 8, 75-81
76. Rusch, N.; Corrigan, P.W.; Wassel, A.; Michaels, P.; Larson, J.E.; Olschewski, M.; Wilkniss, S.; Batia, K. Self-stigma, group identification, perceived legitimacy of discrimination and mental health service use. Br. J. Psychiatry 2009, 195, 551-552
77. Lundberg, B.; Hansson, L.; Wentz, E.; Bjorkman, T. Stigma, discrimination, empowerment and social networks: A preliminary investigation of their influence on subjective quality of life in a Swedish sample. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry 2008, 54, 47-55
78. Chaplin, R. Psychiatrists can cause stigma too. Br. J. Psychiatry 2000, 177, doi:10.1192/bjp.177.5.467
79. Horsfall, J.; Cleary, M.; Hunt, G.E. Stigma in mental health: Clients and professionals. Issues Ment. Health Nurs. 2010, 31, 450-455
80. Hugo, M. Mental health professionals' attitudes towards people who have experienced a mental health disorder. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 2001, 8, 419-425
81. Cooper, A.E.; Corrigan, P.W.; Watson, A.C. Mental illness stigma and care seeking. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 2003, 191, 339-341
82. Corrigan, P.W.; Williams, O.B.; McCracken, S.G.; Kommana, S.; Edwards, M.; Brunner, J. Staff attitudes that impede the implementation of behavioral treatment programs. Behav. Modif. 1998, 22, 548-562
83. Jorm, A.F.; Korten, A.E.; Jacomb, P.A.; Christensen, H.; Henderson, S. Attitudes towards people with a mental disorder: A survey of the Australian public and health professionals. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 1999, 33, 77-83
84. Nordt, C.; Rossler, W.; Lauber, C. Attitudes of mental health professionals toward people with schizophrenia and major depression. Schizophr. Bull. 2006, 32, 709-714
85. Feret, H.; Conway, L.; Austin, J.C. Genetic counselors' attitudes towards individuals with schizophrenia: Desire for social distance and endorsement of stereotypes. Patient Educ. Couns. 2011, 82, 69-73
86. Reynolds, A.; Pitts-Brown, S.; Thornicroft, G. Mental health. Everybody needs good neighbours. Health Serv. J. 1996, 106, 32-33
87. Hori, H.; Richards, M.; Kawamoto, Y.; Kunugi, H. Attitudes toward schizophrenia in the general population, psychiatric staff, physicians, and psychiatrists: A web-based survey in Japan. Psychiatry Res. 2011, 186, 183-189
88. Arvaniti, A.; Samakouri, M.; Kalamara, E.; Bochtsou, V.; Bikos, C.; Livaditis, M. Health service staff's attitudes towards patients with mental illness. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 2009, 44, 658-665
89. Nguyen, E.; Chen, T.; O'Reilly, C. Evaluating the impact of direct and indirect contact on the mental health stigma of pharmacy students. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 2012, 47, 1087-1098
90. O'Reilly, C.L.; Bell, J.S.; Kelly, P.J.; Chen, T.F. Exploring the relationship between mental health stigma, knowledge and provision of pharmacy services for consumers with schizophrenia. Res. Social. Adm. Pharm. 2013, 4, doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2013.04.006
91. Jones, S.; Howard, L.; Thornicroft, G. "Diagnostic overshadowing": Worse physical health care for people with mental illness. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2008, 118, 169-171
92. Thornicroft, G. Shunned: Discrimination against People with Mental Illness; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2006
93. Wahlbeck, K.; Westman, J.; Nordentoft, M.; Gissler, M.; Laursen, T.M. Outcomes of Nordic mental health systems: Life expectancy of patients with mental disorders. Br. J. Psychiatry 2011, 199, 453-458
94. Thornicroft, G. Physical health disparities and mental illness: The scandal of premature mortality. Br. J. Psychiatry 2011, 199, 441-442
95. Lawrence, D.; Hancock, K.J.; Kisely, S. The gap in life expectancy from preventable physical illness in psychiatric patients in Western Australia: Retrospective analysis of population based registers. BMJ 2013, 346, doi:10.1136/bmj.f2539
96. Thornicroft, G. Premature death among people with mental illness. BMJ 2013, 346, doi:10.1136/bmj.f2969
97. Singh, D.; Ham, C. Improving Care for People with Long-Term Conditions. A Review of UK and International Frameworks; NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement: London, UK, 2006
98. Schrank, B.; Bird, V.; Rudnick, A.; Slade, M. Determinants, self-management strategies and interventions for hope in people with mental disorders: Systematic search and narrative review. Soc. Sci. Med. 2012, 74, 554-564
99. Cook, J.A.; Copeland, M.E.; Jonikas, J.A.; Hamilton, M.M.; Razzano, L.A.; Grey, D.D.; Floyd, C.B.; Hudson, W.B.; Macfarlane, R.T.; Carter, T.M., et al. Results of a randomized controlled trial of mental illness self-management using Wellness Recovery Action Planning. Schizophr. Bull. 2012, 38, 881-891
100. Druss, B.G.; Zhao, L.; von Esenwein, S.A.; Bona, J.R.; Fricks, L.; Jenkins-Tucker, S.; Sterling, E.; Diclemente, R.; Lorig, K. The Health and Recovery Peer (HARP) Program: A peer-led intervention to improve medical self-management for persons with serious mental illness. Schizophr. Res. 2010, 118, 264-270
101. Lloyd-Evans, B.; Mayo-Wilson, E.; Harrison, B.; Istead, H.; Brown, E.; Pilling, S.; Johnson, S.; Kendall, T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of peer support for people with severe mental illness. BMC Psychiatry 2014, 14, doi:10.1186/1471-244X-14-39
102. Gayer-Anderson, C.; Morgan, C. Social networks, support and early psychosis: A systematic review. Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci. 2013, 22, 131-146
103. Kleinberg, A.; Aluoia, A.; Vasar, V. Social support in depression: Structural and functional factors, perceived control, and help-seeking. Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci. 2013, 22, 345-353.