A dwarf elephant and a rock mouse on Naxos (Cyclades, Greece) with a revision of the palaeozoogeography of the Cycladic Islands (Greece) during the Pleistocene

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

Volumn 404, Issue , 2014, Pages 133-144

  Van der Geer, Alexandra A E ^a,b   Lyras, George A ^a,b   van den Hoek Ostende, Lars W ^b   de Vos, John ^b   Drinia, Hara ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

^b NATURALIS BIODIVERSITY CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Body size evolution; Dwarf elephants; Insularity; Island rule; Naxos; New species

Indexed keywords

BODY SIZE; ELEPHANT; ENDEMIC SPECIES; LOWLAND ENVIRONMENT; NEW SPECIES; PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY; PLEISTOCENE; RODENT; VOLCANISM; ZOOGEOGRAPHY;

AEGEAN ISLANDS; CRETE [GREECE]; CYCLADES; DODECANESE; GREECE; NAXOS [CYCLADES]; NAXOS [SOUTHERN AEGEAN]; RHODES [DODECANESE]; RHODES [SOUTHERN AEGEAN]; SOUTHERN AEGEAN;

EID: 84899878185     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.003     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Alcover J.A., Campillo X., Macias M., Sans A. Mammal species of the world: additional data on insular mammals. Am. Mus. Novit. 1998, 3248:1-29.
2. Ambrosetti P. The Pleistocene dwarf elephants of Spinagallo (Siracusa, South-Eastern Sicily). Geol. Romana 1968, 1:217-229.
3. Anastasakis G.C., Dermitzakis M. Post middle Miocene paleogeographic evolution of the central Aegean Sea and detailed Quaternary reconstruction of the region: its possible influence on the distribution of the Quaternary mammals of the Cyclades Islands. Neues Jb. Geol. Paläontol. Monat. 1990, 1990:1-16.
4. Anastasakis G., Piper D.J.W., Dermitzakis M.D., Karakitsios V. Upper Cenozoic stratigraphy and paleogeographic evolution of Myrtoon and adjacent basins, Aegean Sea, Greece. Mar. Pet. Geol. 2006, 23:353-369.
5. Athanassiou A. Presence of fossil elephants in the area of Penios Valley (NW Peloponnesus, Greece). Ann. Géol. Pays Hellén. 2000, 38:63-76.
6. Azzaroli A. Insularity and its effects on terrestrial vertebrates: evolutionary and biogeographic aspects. Palaeontology: Essential of Historical Geology 1982, 193-215. S.T.E.M., Mucchi, Modena. E. Montanaro Gallitelli (Ed.).
7. Bate D.M.A. Four and a half months in Crete in search of Pleistocene mammalian remains. Geol. Mag. 1905, 2(5):193-202.
8. Bittkau C., Comes H.P. Evolutionary processes in a continental island system: molecular phylogeography of the Aegean Nigella arvensis alliance (Ranunculaceae) inferred from chloroplast DNA. Mol. Ecol. 2005, 14:4065-4083.
9. Boekschoten G.J., Sondaar P.Y. On the fossil mamalia of Cyprus, I and II. Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. B 1972, 75(4):306-338.
10. Busk G. Description of the remains of three extinct species of elephant, collected by Capt. Spratt, C.B.R.N., in the ossiferous cavern of Zebbug, in the island of Malta. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, 6:227-306.
11. Cayeux L. Découverte de l'Elephas antiquus à l'île de Délos (Cyclades). C.R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 1908, 147:1089-1090.
12. Christiansen P. Body size in proboscideans, with notes on elephant metabolism. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 2004, 140:523-549.
13. Dalongeville R., Renault-Miskovsky J. Paysages passés et actuels de l'île de Naxos. Recherches dans les Cyclades, Résultat des travaux de la RCP 583, Collection de la Maison de l'Orient méditerranéen, Série archéologique 1993, 9-57. Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux, Lyon.
14. Davies P., Lister A.M. Palaeoloxodon cypriotes, the dwarf elephant of Cyprus: size and scaling comparisons with P. falconeri (Sicily-Malta) and mainland P. antiquus. The World of Elephants, Proceedings of the 1st International Congress, Roma, 16-20 Ottobre 2001 2001, 479-480. G. Cavarretta, P. Gioia, M. Mussi, M.R. Palombo (Eds.).
15. Dermitzakis M.D., Sondaar P.Y. The importance of fossil mammals in reconstruction paleogeography with special reference to the Pleistocene Aegean Archipelago. Ann. Géol. Pays Hellén. 1978, 46:808-840.
16. Dermitzakis M., Theodorou G. Map of the main fossiliferous localities of Proboscidea in Aegean area. Editions of the Laboratory of Geology and Palaeontology 1980, University of Athens, Athens.
17. Dermitzakis M.D., Symeonidis N.K., De Boer L.E.M., Sondaar P.Y. The Evolution of Elephants. Edition of the Laboratory of Geology and Palaeontology 1982, University of Athens, Athens, (in Greek).
18. Doukas C.S., Athanassiou A. Review of the Pliocene and Pleistocene Proboscidea (Mammalia) from Greece. Deinsea 2003, 9:97-110.
19. Druitt T.H., Mellors R.A., Pyle D.M., Sparks R.S.J. Explosive volcanism on Santorini, Greece. Geol. Mag. 1989, 126(2):95-126.
20. Falconer H. On the fossil remains of E. melitensis. An extinct pygmy species of elephant and other Mammalia from the ossiferous caves of Malta. Palaeontol. Mem. Notes 1868, 2:292-307.
21. Fattorini S. Biogeography of the tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) on the Aegean Islands (Greece). J. Biogeogr. 2002, 29:49-67.
22. Ferretti M. The dwarf elephant Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis from Puntali Cave, Carini (Sicily; Late Middle Pleistocene): anatomy, systematics and phylogenetic relationships. Quat. Int. 2008, 182:90-108.
23. Georgalas G.C. Elephas (palaeozoology). Megali Helliniki Egkyklopaedia 1929, 9:945-946. (In Greek).
24. Hausdorf B., Hennig C. The influence of recent geography, palaeogeography and climate on the composition of the fauna of the central Aegean Islands. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2005, 84:785-795.
25. Hejl E., Riedl H., Weingartner H. Post-plutonic unroofing and morphogenesis of the Attic-Cycladic complex (Aegean, Greece). Tectonophysics 2002, 349:37-56.
26. Herridge V. Dwarf Elephants on Mediterranean Islands: A Natural Experiment in Parallel Evolution 2010, (PhD Thesis), University College, London.
27. Herridge V.L., Lister A.M. Extreme insular dwarfism evolved in a mammoth. Proc. R. Soc. B 2012, 279(1741):3193-3200. (22). 10.1098/rspb.2012.0671.
28. Honea K. Prehistoric remains on the island of Kythnos. Am. J. Archaeol. 1975, 79:277-279.
29. Iliopoulos G., Athanassiou A., Konstantinou G. New dwarf elephant material from the Pleistocene of Cyprus. Program and Abstracts, European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists 9th Annual Meeting, Heraklion, Crete, Greece 14-19 June, 2011 2011, 30. Natural History Museum of Crete, Heraklion. A. Van der Geer, A. Athanassiou (Eds.).
30. Imbesi M. Sugli elefanti nani della grotta di Luparello, Palermo. Actes du 4. Congres International du Quaternaire, Rome-Pise, Aout-Septembre 1953 1956, 443-447. Istituto Italiano di Paleontología Umana, Rome. G.A. Blanc (Ed.).
31. Inuzuka N. On a fossil skull of Palaeoloxodon naumanni from Saruyama, Shimosa-machi, Chiba Prefecture, central Japan. J. Geol. Soc. Jpn. 1977, 83:523-536.
32. Inuzuka N. On the origin of Palaeoloxodon naumanni - a comparative osteology of the cranium. J. Geol. Soc. Jpn. 1977, 83:639-655.
33. Inuzuka N., Takahashi K. Discrimination between the genera Palaeoloxodon and Elephas and the independent taxonomical position of Palaeoloxodon (Mammalia: Proboscidea). Miscelánea en homenaje a Emiliano Aguirre II 2004, 234-244. Museo Arqueologico Regional, Madrid. E. Baquedano Pérez, S. Rubio Jara (Eds.).
34. Jansen, J.B.H., 1973. Geological map of Naxos (1/50 000). National Institute of Geology and Mining Research, Athens, 1 sheet.
35. Johnson D.L. The origin of island mammoths and the Quaternary land bridge history of the Northern Channel Islands, California. Quat. Res. 1978, 10:204-225.
36. Kapsimalis V., Pavlopoulos K., Panagiotopoulos I., Drakopoulou P., Vandarakis D., Sakelariou D., Anagnostou C. Geoarchaeological challenges in the Cyclades continental shelf (Aegean Sea). Z. Geomorphol. N.F. 2009, 53:169-190.
37. Kotsakis T. The Quaternary vertebrates on the Aegean islands: palaeobiogeographical implications. Ann. Géol. Pays Hellén. 1979, 30:31-64.
38. Kurtén B. Pleistocene Mammals of Europe 1968, Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago, Illinois.
39. Kuss S.E. Die pleistozänen Säugetierfaunen der ostmediterranen Inseln. Ber. Naturforsch. Ges. Freibg. Br. 1973, 93:49-71.
40. Lambeck K. Sea-level change and shoreline evolution in Aegean Greece since Upper Palaeolithic times. Antiquity 1996, 70:588-611.
41. Leith Adams A. Observations on the fossiliferous caves of Malta. J. R. Soc. 1863, 4(2):11-19.
42. Leith Adams A. Notes of a Naturalist in the Nile Valley and Malta 1870, Edmonton and Douglas, Edinburgh.
43. Liscaljet N. Napakaliit trompa: new pygmy proboscidean remains from the Cagayan Valley (Philippines). Quat. Int. 2012, 276-277:278-286.
44. Lister A.M. Dwarfing in island elephants and deer: processes in relation to time of isolation. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1996, 69:277-292.
45. Lister A.M., Dirks W., Assaf A., Chazan M., Goldberg P., Applbaum Y.H., Greenbaum N., Horwitz L.K. New fossil remains of Elephas from the southern Levant: implications for the evolutionary history of the Asian elephant. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2013, 386:119-130. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.05.013.
46. Lomolino M.V. Ecology's most general, yet protean pattern: the species-area relationship. J. Biogeogr. 2000, 27:17-26.
47. Lomolino M.V. Body size evolution in insular vertebrates: generality of the island rule. J. Biogeogr. 2005, 32:1683-1699.
48. Lomolino M.V., Sax D.F., Palombo M.R., van der Geer A.A.E. Of mice and mammoths: evaluations of causal explanations for body size evolution in insular mammals. J. Biogeogr. 2012, 39:842-854.
49. Lomolino M.V., van der Geer A.A., Lyras G.A., Palombo M.R., Sax D.F., Rozzi R. Of mice and mammoths: generality and antiquity of the island rule. J. Biogeogr. 2013, 40:1427-1439.
50. Lykousis V. Sea level changes and shelfbreak prograding sequences during the last 400ka in the Aegean margins: subsidence rates and palaeogeographic implications. Cont. Shelf Res. 2009, 29:2037-2044.
51. Major C.I.F. Die Tyrrhenis: Studien über geographische Verbreitung von Tieren und Pflanzen im westlich Mittelmeergebiet. Kosmos 1883, 13(1-17):81-106.
52. Makiyama J. Notes on a fossil elephant from Sahamma, TÔtÔmi. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ. B 1924, 1(2):255-264.
53. Marinos G., Symeonidis N. Erstmalige Funde von Zwergelefanten auf dem Insel Rhodos. Anz. Math. Naturwiss. Kl. Österr. Akad. Wiss. 1973, 10:129-131.
54. Marinos G., Symeonidis N. Island populations of dwarf mammals on the Aegean archipelago during Quaternary. Ann. Géol. Pays Hellén. 1976, 28:352-367. (In Greek).
55. Masseti M. A glimpse of palaeontology. Island of Deer. Natural History of the Fallow Deer of Rhodes and of the Vertebrates of the Dodecanese (Greece) 2002, 35-40. City of Rhodes, Environmental Organization, Rhodes. M. Masseti (Ed.).
56. Masseti M. Deer and dwarf elephants of the Dodecanese. Conservation and Preservation of the Cultural and Natural Heritage of the Large Islands of the Mediterranean 2006, 113-122. Ministry of Culture, Archaeological Institute of Aegean Studies, Foundation Anastasios G. Leventis, Athens. V. Karageorghis, A. Giannikouri (Eds.).
57. Masseti M. Mammals of the Mediterranean islands: homogenisation and the loss of biodiversity. Mammalia 2009, 73:169-202.
58. Masseti M. Atlas of Terrestrial Mammals of the Ionian and Aegean Islands 2012, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.
59. Mayhew D.E. Late Pleistocene small mammals from Arnissa (Macedonia, Greece). Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. B. 1978, 81(3):302-321.
60. Mitzopoulos M.K. Über einen pleistozänen Zwergelefanten von der Insel Naxos (Kykladen). Prak. Akad. Athenon 1961, 36:332-340.
61. Montuire S., Sen S., Michaux J. The Middle Pleistocene mammalian fauna from Emirkaya-2, Central Anatolia (Turkey): systematics and paleoenvironment. N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. 1994, 193:107-144.
62. Niethammer J. Apodemus mystacinus (Danford and Alston, 1877) - Felsenmaus. Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas, Band 1 1978, 306-315. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Wiesbaden. J. Niethammer, F. Krapp (Eds.).
63. Pallas P.S. Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 1771, vol. I:454. Saint Petersburg.
64. Palombo M.R. Paedomorphic features and allometric growth in the skull of Elephas falconeri from Spinagallo (Middle Pleistocene, Sicily). Proceedings of the 1st International Congress, Roma, 16-20 October 2001 2001, 492-496. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome. G. Cavaretta, P. Gioia, M. Mussi, M.R. Palombo (Eds.).
65. Palombo M.R. Dwarfing in insular mammals: the endemic elephants of Mediterranean islands. Miscelánea en homenaje a Emiliano Aguirre II 2004, 354-371. Museo Arqueologico Regional, Madrid. E. Baquedano Pérez, S. Rubio Jara (Eds.).
66. Palombo M.R. How can endemic proboscideans help us understand the 'island rule'? A case study of Mediterranean islands. Quat. Int. 2007, 169-170:105-124.
67. Palombo M.R., Iacumin P. What did straight-tusked elephants eat?. Quatern. HS 2010, 3:108-109.
68. Palombo M.R., Filippi M.L., Iacumin P., Longinelli A., Barbieri M., Maras A. Coupling tooth Microwear and stable isotope analysis for palaeodiet reconstruction: the case study of Late Middle Pleistocene Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus teeth from Central Italy (Rome area). Quat. Int. 2005, 126-128:153-170.
69. Papazachos B.C. Seismicity of the Aegean and surrounding area. Tectonophysics 1990, 178:287-308.
70. Papp A. Die paläogeologische Entstehung der Agäis nach dem derzeitigen Stand unserer Erkentnisse. Herpetologia Aegaea 1953, 815-818. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna. O. Wettstein (Ed.).
71. Petrochilos J. Découverte de l'Elephas antiquus dans l'île de Cythère et l'âge de sa séparation du continent. CR Somm. Soc. Géol. Fr. 1938, 1938:59-60.
72. Rivals F., Semprebon G.M., Solounias N. Advances in ungulate dental wear techniques reveal new patterns of niche breadth and expansion throughout the Cenozoic. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 2010, 2010:151A-152A. (SVP Program and Abstracts Book).
73. Rivals F., Semprebon G., Lister A. An examination of dietary diversity patterns in Pleistocene proboscideans (Mammuthus, Palaeoloxodon, and Mammut) from Europe and North America as revealed by dental microwear. Quat. Int. 2012, 255:188-195.
74. Rosenzweig M.L. Species Diversity in Space and Time 1995, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
75. Roth V.L., Shoshani J. Dental identification and age determination in Elephas maximus. J. Zool. (Lond.) 1988, 214:567-588.
76. Sciná D. Rapporto sulle ossa fossili di Mardolce e degli altri contorni di Palermo 1831, Reale Tipografia di Guerra, Palermo.
77. Sfenthourakis S. A biogeographic analysis of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea) from central Aegean islands (Greece). J. Biogeogr. 1996, 23:687-698.
78. Sfenthourakis S., Legakis A. Hotspots of endemic terrestrial invertebrates in southern Greece. Biodivers. Conserv. 2001, 10:1387-1417.
79. Shoshani J., Marchant G.H. Hyoid apparatus: a little known complex of bones and its "contribution" to proboscidean evolution. Proceedings of the 1st International Congress, Roma, 16-20 October 2001 2001, 668-675. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome. G. Cavaretta, P. Gioia, M. Mussi, M.R. Palombo (Eds.).
80. The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives 1996, Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, Tokyo. J. Shoshani, P. Tassy (Eds.).
81. Shoshani J., Tassy P. Advances in proboscidean taxonomy & classification, anatomy & physiology, and ecology & behavior. Quat. Int. 2005, 126-128:5-20.
82. Shoshani J., Ferretti M., Lister A.M., Saegusa H., Agenbroad L.D., Mol D., Takahashi K. On the relationships within the Elephantinae using hyoid characteristics. Mammoth Site Scientific Papers 2005, 4:160-165. Mammoth Site, Hot Springs, S. Dakota. L.D. Agenbroad, R.L. Symington (Eds.).
83. Sondaar P.Y. Palaezoogeography of the Pleistocene mammals from the Aegean. Opera Botanica 1971, 30:65-70. A. Strid (Ed.).
84. Sondaar P.Y. Insularity and its effect on mammal evolution. Major Patterns in Vertebrate Evolution 1977, 671-707. Plenum, New York. M.N. Hecht, P.L. Goody, B.M. Hecht (Eds.).
85. Sondaar P.Y., Dermitzakis M.D. Relation migration land vertebrates, paleogeography and tectonics. International Symposium on the Hellenic Arc and Trench (H.E.A.T.), April 8-10 1981. Athens 1982, 283-308. X.L. Pichon, S.S. Augustidis, J. Mascle (Eds.).
86. Spratt T.A.B. On the bone-caves near Crendi, Zebbug, and Melliha, in the Island of Malta. Q. J. Geol. Soc. 1867, 23:283-297.
87. Storch G. Eine mittelpleistozäne Nager-Fauna von der Insel Chios, Ägäis (Mammalia, Rodentia). Senckenberg. Biol. 1975, 56:165-189.
88. Storch G. Late Pleistocene Rodent dispersal in the Balkans. Balkan Biodiversity: Pattern and Process in the European Hotspot 2004, 135-145. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. H.I. Griffiths, B. Krystufek, J.M. Reed (Eds.).
89. Symeonidis N.K., Bachmayer F., Zapfe H. Entdeckung von Zwergelefanten auf der Insel Rhodos (Ausgrabungen 1973). Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 1974, 78:193-202.
90. Tchernov E. The rodents and lagomorphs from 'Ubeidiya' Formation: systematics, paleoecology and biogeography. The Lower Pleistocene Mammals of 'Ubeidiya' (Jordan Valley) 1986, 235-350. Association Paleorient, Paris. E. Tchernov (Ed.).
91. Theodorou G.E. The Dwarf Elephants of the Charkadio Cave on the Island of Tilos (Dodekanese, Greece) 1983, (PhD thesis), University of Athens, (In Greek).
92. Theodorou G.E. Environmental factors affecting the evolution of island endemics: the Tilos example from Greece. Mod. Geol. 1988, 13:183-188.
93. Theodorou G., Symeonidis N., Stathopoulou E. Elephas tiliensis n. sp. from Tilos island (Dodecanese, Greece). Hell. J. Geosci. 2007, 42:19-32.
94. Todd N.E. New phylogenetic analysis of the family Elephantidae based on cranial-dental morphology. Anat. Rec. 2010, 293:74-90.
95. Tsoukala E., Mol D., Pappa S., Vlachos E., van Logchem W., Vaxevanopoulos M., Reumer J. Elephas antiquus in Greece: new finds and a reappraisal of older material (Mammalia, Proboscidea, Elephantidae). Quat. Int. 2011, 245:339-349.
96. Van de Weerd A. Rodentia from two Pleistocene fissures fillings near Athens. Proc. Ned. Akad. Wet. B 1973, 76:148-166.
97. Van den Bergh G.D. The Late Neogene elephantoid-bearing faunas of Indonesia and their palaeozoogeographic implications; a study of the terrestrial faunal succession of Sulawesi, Flores and Java, including evidence for early hominid dispersal east of Wallace's line. Scr. Geol. 1999, 117:1-419.
98. Van den Bergh G.D., de Vos J., Sondaar P.Y. The late quaternary palaeogeography of mammal evolution in the Indonesian Archipelago. Paleontol. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2001, 171:385-408.
99. Van der Geer A.A.E. Parallel patterns and trends in functional structures in extinct island mammals. Integr. Zool. 2014, 9:165-180.
100. Van der Geer A., Lyras G., de Vos J., Dermitzakis M. Evolution of Island Mammals: Adaptation and Extinction of Placental Mammals on Islands 2010, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.
101. Van Essen H. Tooth morphology of Mammuthus meridionalis from the southern bight of the North Sea and from several localities in the Netherlands. Deinsea 2003, 9:453-511. J.W.F. Reumer, J. de Vos, D. Mol (Eds.).
102. Vaufrey R. Les éléphants nains des îles méditerranéennes et la question des isthmes pléistocènes. Arch. Inst. Paleon. Hum. Mem. 1929, 6:1-220.
103. Wettstein O. Herpetologia Aegaea 1953, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna.
104. Whittaker R.J. Island Biogeography: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation 1998, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
105. Whittaker R.J., Fernández-Palacios J.M. Island Biogeography: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation 2007, Oxford University Press, Oxford. 2nd edn.