Destination competitiveness of winter sport resorts in the Alps: how sport tourists perceive destinations?

Current Issues in Tourism

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 327-349

  Hallmann, Kirstin ^a   Müller, Sabine ^a   Feiler, Svenja ^a  

^a GERMAN SPORT UNIVERSITY COLOGNE   (Germany)

Author keywords

destination management; market demand; skiing tourists; sport tourism

Indexed keywords

COMPETITIVENESS; QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY; RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT; RECREATIONAL MANAGEMENT; RESEARCH; SPORT; TOURISM; TOURIST DESTINATION;

AUSTRIA; GERMANY; SWITZERLAND;

EID: 84899737904     PISSN: 13683500     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2012.720247     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Ahmed, Z. U., & Krohn, F. B. (1990). Reversing the United States' declining competitiveness in the marketing of international tourism: A perspective on future policy. Journal of Travel Research, 29, 23-29. doi: 10.1177/004728759002900204
2. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1982). Some methods for respecifying measurement models to obtain unidimensional construct measurement. Journal of Marketing Research, 19, 453-460. doi: 10.2307/3151719
3. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411-423. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
4. Bagozzi, R., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16, 74-94. doi: 10.1007/BF02723327
5. Bahar, O., & Kozak, M. (2007). Advancing destination competitiveness research - comparison between tourists and service providers. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 22(2), 61-71. doi: 10.1300/J073v22n02_05
6. Baloglu, S. (2001). Image variations of turkey by familiarity index: Informational and experiential dimensions. Tourism Management, 22, 127-133. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00049-2
7. Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K. W. (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868-897. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00030-4
8. Barsky, J., & Nash, L. (2002). Evoking emotion, affective keys to the hotel loyalty. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 43(1), 39-46. doi: 10.1016/S0010-8804(02)80007-6
9. Beaton, A. A., Funk, D. C., Ridinger, L., & Jordan, J. (2011). Sport involvement: A conceptual and empirical analysis. Sport Management Review, 14, 126-140. doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2010.07.002
10. Bieger, T. (2005). Management von destinationen. München: Oldenbourg.
11. Bigné, J. E., Sánchez, M. I., & Sánchez, J. (2001). Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purchase behaviour: Inter-relationship. Tourism Management, 22, 607-616. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00035-8
12. Bigné Alcañiz, E., Sánchez García, I., & Sanz Blas, S. (2009). The functional-psychological continuum in the cognitive image of a destination: A confirmatory analysis. Tourism Management, 30, 715-723. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.10.020
13. Blain, C., Levy, S. E., & Ritchie, J. R.B. (2005). Destination branding: Insights and practices from destination management organizations. Journal of Travel Research, 43, 328-338. doi: 10.1177/0047287505274646
14. Bodet, G. (2006). Investigating customer satisfaction in a health club context by an application of the tetraclasse model. European Sport Management Quarterly, 6, 149-165. doi: 10.1080/16184740600954148
15. Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
16. Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2007). Business research methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
17. Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97-116. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00095-3
18. Chen, J. S. (2001). A case study of Korean outbound travelers' destination images by using correspondence analysis. Tourism Management, 22, 345-350. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00066-2
19. Chon, K. S., & Mayer, K. J. (1995). Destination competitiveness models in tourism and their application to Las Vegas. Journal of Tourism Systems & Quality Management, 1, 227-246.
20. Crouch, G. I. (2011). Destination competitiveness: An analysis of determinant attributes. Journal of Travel Research, 50, 27-45. doi: 10.1177/0047287510362776
21. Crouch, G. I., & Ritchie, J. R.B. (1999). Tourism, competitiveness, and societal prosperity. Journal of Business Research, 44, 137-152. doi: 10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00196-3
22. Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., & Rao, P. (2000). The price competitiveness of travel and tourism: A comparison of 19 destinations. Tourism Management, 21, 9-22. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00081-3
23. Dwyer, L., & Kim, C. (2002). Destination competitiveness: A model and determinants. Unpublished work, University of Western Sydney and Keimyung University.
24. Dwyer, L., & Kim, C. (2003). Destination competitiveness: Determinants and indicators. Current Issues in Tourism, 6, 369-414. doi: 10.1080/13683500308667962
25. Dwyer, L., Livaic, Z., & Mellor, R. (2003). Competitiveness of Australia as a tourist destination. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 10, 60-79.
26. Enright, M. J., & Newton, J. (2004). Tourism destination competitiveness: A quantitative approach. Tourism Management, 25, 777-788. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2004.06.008
27. Enright, M. J., & Newton, J. (2005). Determinants of tourism destination competitiveness in Asia Pacific: Comprehensiveness and universality. Journal of Travel Research, 43, 339-350. doi: 10.1177/0047287505274647
28. European Travel Commission (2006). Tourism trends for Europe. Brüssels: Author.
29. Farris, P. W., Bendle, N. T., Pfeiffer, P. E., & Reibstein, D. J. (2010). Marketing metrics: The definitive guide to measuring marketing performance. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
30. Faulkner, B., Oppermann, M., & Fredline, E. (1999). Destination competitiveness: An exploratory examination of South Australia's core attractions. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 5, 125-139. doi: 10.1177/135676679900500202
31. Fuchs, M., & Weiermair, K. (2003). New perspectives of satisfaction research in tourist destinations. Tourism Review, 58(3), 6-14. doi: 10.1108/eb058411
32. Funk, D., Jordan, J., Ridinger, L., & Kaplanidou, K. (2011). Capacity of mass participant sport events for the development of activity commitment and future exercise intention. Leisure Sciences, 33, 250-268. doi: 10.1080/01490400.2011.564926
33. Gammon, S., & Robinson, T. (1997). Sport and tourism: A conceptual framework. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 4, 11-18. doi: 10.1080/10295399708718632
34. Gammon, S., & Robinson, T. (2003). Sport and tourism: A conceptual framework. Journal of Sport Tourism, 8, 21-26. doi: 10.1080/14775080306236
35. Getz, D., & Andersson, T. D. (2010). The event-tourist career trajectory: A study of high-involvement amateur distance runners. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 10, 468-491. doi: 10.1080/15022250.2010.524981
36. Gibson, H. (2005a). Sport tourism: Concepts and theories. An Introduction. Sport in Society, 8, 133-141. doi: 10.1080/17430430500101996
37. Gibson, H. (2005b). Towards an understanding of 'why sport tourists do what they do'. Sport in Society, 8, 198-217. doi: 10.1080/17430430500087369
38. Go, F. M., & Govers, R. (2000). Integrated quality management for tourist destinations: A European perspective on achieving competitiveness. Tourism Management, 21, 79-88. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00098-9
39. Gomezelj, D. O., & Mihalic, T. (2008). Destination competitiveness - applying different models, the case of Slovenia. Tourism Management, 29, 294-307. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.03.009
40. Gooroochurn, N., & Sugiyarto, G. (2005). Competitiveness indicators in the travel and tourism industry. Tourism Economics, 11, 25-43. doi: 10.5367/0000000053297130
41. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. A global perspective (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
42. Hall, C. M. (1992). Adventure, sport and health tourism. In C. M. Hall & B. Weiler (Eds.), Special interest tourism (pp. 141-158). London: Belhaven Press.
43. Hallmann, K., & Breuer, C. (2010). Image fit between sport events and their hosting destinations from an active sport tourist perspective and its impact on future behaviour. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 15, 211-233. doi: 10.1080/14775085.2010.513147
44. Hallmann, K., Müller, S., Feiler, S., Breuer, C., & Roth, R. (2012). Suppliers' perception of destination competitiveness in a winter sport resort. Tourism Review, 67(2), 13-21. doi: 10.1108/16605371211236105
45. Heath, E. (2003). Towards a model to enhance destination competitiveness: A Southern African perspective. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 10, 124-141.
46. Herzberg, F. (1968). One more time: How do you motivate employees?. Harvard Business Review, 46(January/February), 53-62.
47. Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. (1959). The motivation to work (2nd ed.). New York, London: Chapman & Hall.
48. Higham, J., & Hinch, T. (2009). Sport and tourism. Globalization, mobility and identity. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
49. Hinch, T., & Higham, J. (2001). Sport tourism: A framework for research. International Journal of Tourism Research, 3, 45-58. doi: 10.1002/1522-1970(200101/02)3:1<45::AID-JTR243>3.0.CO;2-A
50. Hofstede, G. H. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
51. Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Concentional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
52. Hudson, S. (2004). Winter sport tourism in North America. In B. W. Ritchie & D. Adair (Eds.), Sport tourism - interrelationships, impacts, issues (1st ed., pp. 77-100). Multilingual Matters.
53. Hudson, S., Ritchie, B., & Timur, S. (2004). Measuring destination competitiveness: An empirical study of Canadian ski resorts. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 1, 79-94. doi: 10.1080/1479053042000187810
54. Jackson, D. L., Gillapsy, J. A., & Purc-Stephenson, R. (2009). Reporting practices in confirmatory factor analysis: An overview and some recommendations. Psychological Methods, 14, 6-23. doi: 10.1037/a0014694
55. Kaplanidou, K., & Gibson, H. J. (2010). Predicting behavioral intentions of active event sport tourists: The case of a small-scale recurring sports event. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 15, 163-179. doi: 10.1080/14775085.2010.498261
56. Kaplanidou, K., & Vogt, C. (2007). The interrelationship between sport event and destination image and sport tourists' behaviours. Journal of Sport Tourism, 12, 183-206. doi: 10.1080/14775080701736932
57. Kayar, C. H., & Kozak, M. (2010). Measuring destination competitiveness: An application of the travel and tourism competitiveness index (2007). Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 19, 203-216. doi: 10.1080/19368621003591319
58. Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
59. Kozak, M. (2001). Repeaters' behavior at two distinct destinations. Annals of Tourism Research, 28, 784-807. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(00)00078-5
60. Kozak, M., & Rimmington, M. (1999). Measuring tourist destination competitiveness: Conceptual considerations and empirical findings. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 18, 273-284. doi: 10.1016/S0278-4319(99)00034-1
61. Kuoni (2006). Future of leisure travel - trend study. Zürich: Gottlieb Duttweiler Institute.
62. Kurbetriebe Oberstdorf (2011). Tourimusbereicht 2010. Oberstdorf: Author.
63. Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper & Row.
64. Matzler, K., Füller, J., Renzl, B., Herting, S., & Späth, S. (2008). Customer satisfaction with alpine ski areas: The moderating effects of personal, situational, and product factors. Journal of Travel Research, 46, 403-413. doi: 10.1177/0047287507312401
65. Mazanec, J. A. (1995). Competition among European tourist cities: A comparative analysis with multidimensional scaling and self-organizing maps. Tourism Economics, 1, 283-302.
66. Mihalic, T. (2000). Environmental management of a tourist destination: A factor of tourism competitiveness. Tourism Management, 21, 65-78. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00096-5
67. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H., & Zentes, J. (2009). Strategic international management: Text and cases. Wiesbaden: Gabler.
68. Müller, S., Hallmann, K., & Brothers, G. (2011). Competitiveness of alpine destinations: A conceptual approach. In TTRA (Eds.), Conference Proceedings of the 2011 TTRA European Chapter Conference, Session 2.5 (pp. 1-17). Archamps, France: TTRA Europe.
69. Müller, S., Peters, M., & Blanco, E. (2010). Rejuvenation strategies: A comparison of winter sport destinations in alpine regions. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 58, 19-36.
70. Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Market Research, 17, 460-469. doi: 10.2307/3150499
71. Oliver, R. L. (1997). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. New York: McGraw-Hill.
72. Pechlaner, H., Raich, F., & Siller, H. (2006). Zufriedenheitsstruktur von Sport-Events. Das Beispiel der alpinen ski-Weltmeisterschaft in St. Anton, St. Moritz und Bormio/S. Caterina. In H. Pechlaner, T. Bieger, & K. Weiermair (Eds.), Attraktions-Management - Führung und Steuerung von Attraktionspunkten (pp. 39-53). Wien: Linde Verlag.
73. Petrick, J. F. (2004). The roles of quality, value, and satisfaction in predicting cruise passengers' behavioral intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 42, 397-407. doi: 10.1177/0047287504263037
74. Pikkemaat, B., & Müller, S. (2008). Consumer changes in secular behaviour. In C. Kronenberg, S. Müller, M. Peters, B. Pikkemaat, & K. Weiermair (Eds.), Change management in tourism: From 'old' to 'new' tourism (pp. 69-83). Berlin: ESV.
75. Poon, A. (1993). Tourism, technology and competitive strategy. Wallingford: CABI.
76. Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industry and competitors. New York: The Free Press.
77. Porter, M. E. (1990a). The competitive advantage of nations. New York: The Free Press.
78. Porter, M.E. (1990b). The competitive advantage of nations. Harvard Business Manager (March/April), 73-93.
79. Porter, M. E. (1998). Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review, 76(6), 73-93.
80. Preglau, M. (2001). Industrieerlebniswelten - Erlebnisgesellschaft: Der soziokulturelle Hintergrund. In H. Hinterhuber, H. Pechlaner, & K. Matzler (Eds.), Industrieerlebniswelten. Vom Standort zur Destination (pp. 59-68). Berlin: ESV.
81. Ritchie, J. R.B., & Crouch, G. I. (2000). The competitive destination: A sustainability perspective. Tourism Management, 21, 1-7. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00093-X
82. Ritchie, J. R.B., & Crouch, G. I. (2003). The competitive destination: A sustainable tourism perspective. Oxon: CABI Publishing.
83. Rompf, P. D., Breiter, D., & Severt, K. (2009). Destination selection criteria: Key success factors evolve and dominate. Event Management, 12, 27-38. doi: 10.3727/152599509787992599
84. Schreiber, J. B., Stage, F. K., King, J., Nora, A., & Barlow, E. A. (2006). Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review. The Journal of Educational Research, 99, 323-337. doi: 10.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338
85. Schulze, G. (2005). Die Erlebnisgesellschaft: Kultursoziologie der Gegenwart. Frankfurt a. M: Campus Verlag.
86. Shonk, D. J., & Chelladurai, P. (2008). Service quality, satisfaction, and intent to return in event sport tourism. Journal of Sport Management, 22, 587-602.
87. Shonk, D. J., & Chelladurai, P. (2009). Model of service quality in event sport tourism: Development of a scale. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 6, 292-307. doi: 10.1504/IJSMM.2009.029090
88. Sirgy, M. J., Kruger, P. S., Lee, D.-J., & Yu, G. B. (2011). How does a travel trip affect tourists' life satisfaction?. Journal of Travel Research, 50, 261-275. doi: 10.1177/0047287510362784
89. Smeral, E. (1996). Globalisation and changes in the competitiveness of tourism destinations. In P. Keller (Ed.), Globalisation and tourism, 46th AIEST conference in Rotorua, New Zealand. St. Gallen: AIEST.
90. Taks, M., Chalip, L., Green, B. C., Kesenne, S., & Martyn, S. (2009). Factors affecting repeat visitation and flow-on tourism as sources of event strategy sustainability. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 14, 121-142. doi: 10.1080/14775080902965066
91. Tsai, H., Song, H., & Wong, K. K.F. (2009). Tourism and hotel competitive research. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 26, 522-546. doi: 10.1080/10548400903163079
92. Tsiotsou, R. (2006). Using visit frequency to segment ski resorts customers. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12, 15-26. doi: 10.1177/1356766706059029
93. Ullmann, J. B. (2007). Structural equation modeling. In B. G. Tabachnick & L. S. Fidell (Eds.), Using multivariate statistics (pp. 676-780). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
94. Vanhove, N. (2005). The economics of tourism destinations. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
95. Weed, M., & Bull, C. (2009). Sports tourism. Participants, policy and providers (2nd ed.). Oxford: Elsevier.
96. Westbrook, R. A., & Oliver, R. L. (1991). The dimensionality of consumption emotion patterns and consumer satisfaction. Journal of Consumer Research, 18, 84-91. doi: 10.1086/209243
97. Wilde, S.J., & Cox, C. (2008). Linking destination competitiveness and destination development: Findings from a mature Australian tourism destination. In TTRA (Ed.), Proceedings of the travel and tourism research association (TTRA) European chapter conference - competition in tourism: Business and destination perspectives (pp. 467-478 (Post-Print)). Helsinki: TTRA.
98. Yoon, Y. (2002). Development of a structural model for tourism destination competitiveness from stakeholders' perspectives (unpublished dissertation). Virginia State University, Blacksburg.
99. Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model. Tourism Management, 26, 45-56. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.016