메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2014, Pages

Evaluation of the distribution and impacts of parasites, pathogens, and pesticides on honey bee (apis mellifera) populations in east Africa

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PESTICIDE;

EID: 84899713807     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094459     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (112)

References (77)
  • 3
    • 57049187231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline
    • Gallai N, Salles JM, Settele J, Vaissiere BE (2009) Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline. Ecological Economics 68: 810-821.
    • (2009) Ecological Economics , vol.68 , pp. 810-821
    • Gallai, N.1    Salles, J.M.2    Settele, J.3    Vaissiere, B.E.4
  • 5
    • 12244257780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flower visitors and fruitset of Anacardium occidentale
    • Bhattacharya A (2004) Flower visitor and fruitset of Anacardium occidentole. Annales Botanici Fennici 41: 385-392. (Pubitemid 40113067)
    • (2004) Annales Botanici Fennici , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 385-392
    • Bhattacharya, A.1
  • 6
    • 0037071832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of bees to the coffee harvest
    • Roubik DW (2002) The value of bees to the coffee harvest. Nature 417: 708.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 708
    • Roubik, D.W.1
  • 7
    • 67349214645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global stock of domesticated honey bees is growing slower than agricultural demand for pollination
    • Aizen MA, Harder LD (2009) The Global Stock of Domesticated Honey Bees Is Growing Slower Than Agricultural Demand for Pollination. Current Biology 19: 915-918.
    • (2009) Current Biology , vol.19 , pp. 915-918
    • Aizen, M.A.1    Harder, L.D.2
  • 8
    • 0038431391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of honey bees as pollinators of U.S. Crops in 2000
    • Morse RA, Calderone NW (2000) The value of honey bees as pollinators of U.S. crops in 2000. Bee Culture 128: 1-15.
    • (2000) Bee Culture , vol.128 , pp. 1-15
    • Morse, R.A.1    Calderone, N.W.2
  • 9
    • 32244437567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cape honeybee (Apis mellifera capensis Eshscholtz) and varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman) threats to honeybees and beekeeping in Africa
    • DOI 10.1079/IJT20041
    • Allsopp M (2004) Cape honeybee (Apis mellifera capensis Eshscholtz) and varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman) threats to honeybees and beekeeping in Africa. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 24: 87-94. (Pubitemid 43211516)
    • (2004) International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-94
    • Allsopp, M.1
  • 10
    • 73749085707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A historical review of managed honey bee populations in Europe and the United States and the factors that may affect them
    • vanEngelsdorp D, Meixner MD (2010) A historical review of managed honey bee populations in Europe and the United States and the factors that may affect them. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 103: S80-S95.
    • (2010) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.103
    • Van Engelsdorp, D.1    Meixner, M.D.2
  • 11
    • 0034070663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasitic mites of honey bees: Life history, implications, and impact
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.519
    • Sammataro D, Gerson U, Needham G (2000) Parasitic mites of honey bees: life history, implications, and impact. Annu Rev Entomol 45: 519-548. (Pubitemid 30187872)
    • (2000) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.45 , pp. 519-548
    • Sammataro, D.1    Gerson, U.2    Needham, G.3
  • 12
    • 77953844512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosema ceranae, a newly identified pathogen of Apis mellifera in the USA and Asia
    • Chen YP, Huang ZY (2010) Nosema ceranae, a newly identified pathogen of Apis mellifera in the USA and Asia. Apidologie 41: 364-374.
    • (2010) Apidologie , vol.41 , pp. 364-374
    • Chen, Y.P.1    Huang, Z.Y.2
  • 13
    • 34548304773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honey bee viruses
    • Maramorosh K, Shatkin AJ, Murphy FA, editors.: Elsevier Academic Press
    • Chen YP, Siede R (2007) Honey Bee Viruses. In: Maramorosh K, Shatkin AJ, Murphy FA, editors. Advances in Virus Research: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 34-80.
    • (2007) Advances in Virus Research , pp. 34-80
    • Chen, Y.P.1    Siede, R.2
  • 14
    • 79958172988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal analysis of the honey bee microbiome reveals four novel viruses and seasonal prevalence of known viruses, Nosema, and Crithidia
    • Runckel C, Flenniken ML, Engel JC, Ruby JG, Ganem D, et al. (2011) Temporal Analysis of the Honey Bee Microbiome Reveals Four Novel Viruses and Seasonal Prevalence of Known Viruses, Nosema, and Crithidia. Plos One 6.
    • (2011) Plos One , pp. 6
    • Runckel, C.1    Flenniken, M.L.2    Engel, J.C.3    Ruby, J.G.4    Ganem, D.5
  • 15
    • 73749088263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chalkbrood disease in honey bees
    • Aronstein KA, Murray KD (2010) Chalkbrood disease in honey bees. J Invertebr Pathol 103 Suppl 1: S20-S29.
    • (2010) J Invertebr Pathol , vol.103 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Aronstein, K.A.1    Murray, K.D.2
  • 16
    • 58149389522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paenibacillus larvae and American Foulbrood - long since known and still surprising
    • Genersch E (2008) Paenibacillus larvae and American Foulbrood - long since known and still surprising. Journal fur Verbrauchershutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit 3: 429-434.
    • (2008) Journal fur Verbrauchershutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit , vol.3 , pp. 429-434
    • Genersch, E.1
  • 17
    • 33846354297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091440
    • Desneux N, Decourtye A, Delpuech JM (2007) The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annu Rev Entomol 52: 81-106. (Pubitemid 46133563)
    • (2007) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.52 , pp. 81-106
    • Desneux, N.1    Decourtye, A.2    Delpuech, J.-M.3
  • 18
    • 77953861777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition and health in honey bees
    • Brodschneider R, Crailsheim K (2010) Nutrition and health in honey bees. Apidologie 41: 278-294.
    • (2010) Apidologie , vol.41 , pp. 278-294
    • Brodschneider, R.1    Crailsheim, K.2
  • 19
    • 34547116844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity in honey bee colonies enhances productivity and fitness
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1143046
    • Mattila HR, Seeley TD (2007) Genetic diversity in honey bee colonies enhances productivity and fitness. Science 317: 362-364. (Pubitemid 47106374)
    • (2007) Science , vol.317 , Issue.5836 , pp. 362-364
    • Mattila, H.R.1    Seeley, T.D.2
  • 20
    • 84859383404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A national survey of managed honey bee 2010-11 winter colony losses in the USA: Results from the Bee Informed Partnership
    • VanEngelsdorp D, Caron D, Hayes J, Underwood R, Henson M, et al. (2012) A national survey of managed honey bee 2010-11 winter colony losses in the USA: results from the Bee Informed Partnership. Journal of Apicultural Research 51: 115-124.
    • (2012) Journal of Apicultural Research , vol.51 , pp. 115-124
    • Van Engelsdorp, D.1    Caron, D.2    Hayes, J.3    Underwood, R.4    Henson, M.5
  • 23
    • 80052119532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of honey bee virus prevalence, Varroa destructor load and queen condition on honey bee colony survival over the winter in Belgium
    • Nguyen BK, Ribiere M, vanEngelsdorp D, Snoeck C, Saegerman C, et al. (2011) Effects of honey bee virus prevalence, Varroa destructor load and queen condition on honey bee colony survival over the winter in Belgium. Journal of Apicultural Research 50: 195-202.
    • (2011) Journal of Apicultural Research , vol.50 , pp. 195-202
    • Nguyen, B.K.1    Ribiere, M.2    Vanengelsdorp, D.3    Snoeck, C.4    Saegerman, C.5
  • 25
    • 77957725889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weighing risk factors associated with bee colony collapse disorder by classification and regression tree analysis
    • vanEngelsdorp D, Speybroeck N, Evans JD, Nguyen BK, Mullin C, et al. (2010) Weighing risk factors associated with bee colony collapse disorder by classification and regression tree analysis. J Econ Entomol 103: 1517-1523.
    • (2010) J Econ Entomol , vol.103 , pp. 1517-1523
    • Van Engelsdorp, D.1    Speybroeck, N.2    Evans, J.D.3    Nguyen, B.K.4    Mullin, C.5
  • 28
    • 80054694355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The honey bees of Ethiopia represent a new subspecies of Apis mellifera-Apis mellifera simensis n. Ssp
    • Meixner MD, Leta MA, Koeniger N, Fuchs S (2011) The honey bees of Ethiopia represent a new subspecies of Apis mellifera-Apis mellifera simensis n. ssp. Apidologie 42: 425-437.
    • (2011) Apidologie , vol.42 , pp. 425-437
    • Meixner, M.D.1    Leta, M.A.2    Koeniger, N.3    Fuchs, S.4
  • 31
    • 0742331241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of beekeeping development in Kenya
    • Raina SK, Kioka EN, Mwanycky SW, editors. Nairobi: ICIPE Science Press
    • Mbae RM (1999) Overview of beekeeping development in Kenya. In: Raina SK, Kioka EN, Mwanycky SW, editors. The Conservation and Utilization of Commercial Insects. Nairobi: ICIPE Science Press. pp. 103-105.
    • (1999) The Conservation and Utilization of Commercial Insects , pp. 103-105
    • Mbae, R.M.1
  • 32
    • 67249087287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity and activity density of bees visiting crop flowers in kakamega, Western Kenya
    • Kasina M, Kraemer M, Martius C, Wittmann D (2009) Diversity and Activity Density of Bees Visiting Crop Flowers in Kakamega, Western Kenya. Journal of Apicultural Research 48: 134-139.
    • (2009) Journal of Apicultural Research , vol.48 , pp. 134-139
    • Kasina, M.1    Kraemer, M.2    Martius, C.3    Wittmann, D.4
  • 35
    • 77951985695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A scientific note on Varroa destructor found in East Africa; threat or opportunity?
    • Frazier M, Muli E, Conklin T, Schmehl D, Torto B, et al. (2010) A scientific note on Varroa destructor found in East Africa; threat or opportunity? Apidologie 41: 463-465.
    • (2010) Apidologie , vol.41 , pp. 463-465
    • Frazier, M.1    Muli, E.2    Conklin, T.3    Schmehl, D.4    Torto, B.5
  • 37
    • 78651244819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varroa destructor is an effective vector of Israeli acute paralysis virus in the honeybee, Apis mellifera
    • DiPrisco G, Pennacchio F, Caprio E, Boncristiani HF Jr., Evans JD, et al. (2011) Varroa destructor is an effective vector of Israeli acute paralysis virus in the honeybee, Apis mellifera. J Gen Virol 92: 151-155.
    • (2011) J Gen Virol , vol.92 , pp. 151-155
    • Di Prisco, G.1    Pennacchio, F.2    Caprio, E.3    Boncristiani, Jr.H.F.4    Evans, J.D.5
  • 38
    • 62749097381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deformed wing virus: Replication and viral load in mites (Varroa destructor)
    • Gisder S, Aumeier P, Genersch E (2009) Deformed wing virus: replication and viral load in mites (Varroa destructor). J Gen Virol 90: 463-467.
    • (2009) J Gen Virol , vol.90 , pp. 463-467
    • Gisder, S.1    Aumeier, P.2    Genersch, E.3
  • 42
    • 79953786422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and infection intensity of Nosema in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies in Virginia
    • Traver BE, Fell RD (2011) "Prevalence and infection intensity of Nosema in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies in Virginia." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 107(1): 43-49.
    • (2011) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.107 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-49
    • Traver, B.E.1    Fell, R.D.2
  • 43
    • 0035347267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of acute bee paralysis virus and black queen cell virus from honeybees by reverse transcriptase PCR
    • DOI 10.1128/AEM.67.5.2384-2387.2001
    • Benjeddou M, Leat N, Allsopp M, Davison S (2001) Detection of acute bee paralysis virus and black queen cell virus from honeybees by reverse transcriptase pcr. Appl Environ Microbiol 67: 2384-2387. (Pubitemid 33641434)
    • (2001) Applied and Environmental Microbiology , vol.67 , Issue.5 , pp. 2384-2387
    • Benjeddou, M.1    Leat, N.2    Allsopp, M.3    Davison, S.4
  • 44
    • 12244274359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of deformed wing virus infection in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)
    • DOI 10.1128/AEM.71.1.436-441.2005
    • Chen YP, Higgins JA, Feldlaufer MF (2005) Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of deformed wing virus infection in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Appl Environ Microbiol 71: 436-441. (Pubitemid 40116299)
    • (2005) Applied and Environmental Microbiology , vol.71 , Issue.1 , pp. 436-441
    • Chen, Y.P.1    Higgins, J.A.2    Feldlaufer, M.F.3
  • 48
    • 0030162985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular phylogenetics of honey bee subspecies (Apis mellifera L.) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence
    • DOI 10.1006/mpev.1996.0050
    • Arias MC, Sheppard WS (1996) Molecular phylogenetics of honey bee subspecies (Apis mellifera L.) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence. Mol Phylogenet Evol 5: 557-566. (Pubitemid 126320901)
    • (1996) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 557-566
    • Arias, M.C.1    Sheppard, W.S.2
  • 49
    • 0027968068 scopus 로고
    • CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice
    • Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ (1994) CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22: 4673-4680. (Pubitemid 24354800)
    • (1994) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.22 , Issue.22 , pp. 4673-4680
    • Thompson, J.D.1    Higgins, D.G.2    Gibson, T.J.3
  • 50
    • 0023375195 scopus 로고
    • The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees
    • Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4: 406-425.
    • (1987) Mol Biol Evol , vol.4 , pp. 406-425
    • Saitou, N.1    Nei, M.2
  • 51
    • 79952118619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of miticides and agrochemicals in North American apiaries: Implications for honey bee health
    • Mullin CA, Frazier M, Frazier JL, Ashcraft S, Simonds R, et al. (2010) High levels of miticides and agrochemicals in North American apiaries: implications for honey bee health. Plos One 5: e9754.
    • (2010) Plos One , vol.5
    • Mullin, C.A.1    Frazier, M.2    Frazier, J.L.3    Ashcraft, S.4    Simonds, R.5
  • 52
    • 0031371299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of delayed acaricide treatment in honey bee colonies parasitized by Varroa jacobsoni and a late season treatment threshold for the southeastern USA
    • Delaplane KS, Hood WM (1997) Effects of delayed acaricide treatment in honey bee colonies parasitized by Varroa jacobsoni and a late season treatment threshold for the southeastern USA. Journal of Apicultural Research 36: 125- 132.
    • (1997) Journal of Apicultural Research , vol.36 , pp. 125-132
    • Delaplane, K.S.1    Hood, W.M.2
  • 54
    • 0035320025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varroa destructor infestation in untreated honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies selected for hygienic behavior
    • Spivak M, Reuter GS (2001) Varroa destructor infestation in untreated honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies selected for hygienic behavior. Journal of Economic Entomology 94: 326-331. (Pubitemid 33749917)
    • (2001) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.94 , Issue.2 , pp. 326-331
    • Spivak, M.1    Reuter, G.S.2
  • 55
    • 84867756460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of the Korea haplotype of Varroa destructor in southwest Nigeria
    • Akinwade KL, Badejo MA, Ogbogu SS (2012) Incidence of the Korea haplotype of Varroa destructor in southwest Nigeria. Journal of Apicultural Research 15: 369- 370.
    • (2012) Journal of Apicultural Research , vol.15 , pp. 369-370
    • Akinwade, K.L.1    Badejo, M.A.2    Ogbogu, S.S.3
  • 56
    • 0344436086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of European and Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) to Varroa jacobsoni Oud. in Mexico
    • Guzman-Novoa E, Vandame Rm, Arechavaleta M E. (1999) Susceptibility of European and Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) to Varroa jacobsoni Oud. in Mexico. Apidologie 30: 173-182. (Pubitemid 29260682)
    • (1999) Apidologie , vol.30 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 173-182
    • Guzman-Novoa, E.1    Vandame, R.2    Arechavaleta, M.E.3
  • 58
    • 84899726445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Bee Unit, York: The Food and Environmental Research Agency
    • National Bee Unit (2010) FAQ 17: Queen trapping. York: The Food and Environmental Research Agency. 1-2 p.
    • (2010) FAQ 17: Queen Trapping , pp. 1-2
  • 59
    • 20544445736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of drone brood removal for management of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in colonies of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the northeastern United States
    • Calderone NW (2005) Evaluation of drone brood removal for management of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in colonies of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the northeastern United States. J Econ Entomol 98: 645-650. (Pubitemid 40841439)
    • (2005) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.98 , Issue.3 , pp. 645-650
    • Calderone, N.W.1
  • 61
  • 65
    • 84856477152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for damage-dependent hygienic behaviour towards Varroa destructorparasitised brood in the western honey bee, Apis mellifera
    • Schoning C, Gisder S, Geiselhardt S, Kretschmann I, Bienefeld K, et al. (2012) Evidence for damage-dependent hygienic behaviour towards Varroa destructorparasitised brood in the western honey bee, Apis mellifera. J Exp Biol 215: 264- 271.
    • (2012) J Exp Biol , vol.215 , pp. 264-271
    • Schoning, C.1    Gisder, S.2    Geiselhardt, S.3    Kretschmann, I.4    Bienefeld, K.5
  • 68
    • 84862777932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pesticide exposure in honey bees results in increased levels of the gut pathogen Nosema
    • Pettis JS, vanEngelsdorp D, Johnson J, Dively G (2012) Pesticide exposure in honey bees results in increased levels of the gut pathogen Nosema. Naturwissenschaften 99: 153-158.
    • (2012) Naturwissenschaften , vol.99 , pp. 153-158
    • Pettis, J.S.1    Van Engelsdorp, D.2    Johnson, J.3    Dively, G.4
  • 69
    • 0038605774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African honey bees (Apis mellifera scutellata) and nosema (Nosema apis) infections
    • Fries I, Slamenda SB, Da Silva A, Pieniazek NJ (2003) African honey bees (Apis mellifera scutellata) and Nosema (Nosema apis) infections. Journal of Apicultural Research 42: 13-15. (Pubitemid 36755345)
    • (2003) Journal of Apicultural Research , vol.42 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 13-15
    • Fries, I.1    Slemenda, S.B.2    Da Silva, A.3    Pieniazek, N.J.4
  • 70
    • 84899724483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acarapis woodi (Rennie), and the Cape problem bee in the summer rainfall region of South Africa Rhodes University
    • Swart DJ (2003) The occurence of Nosema apis (Zander), Acarapis woodi (Rennie), and the Cape problem bee in the summer rainfall region of South Africa Rhodes University. 43 p.
    • (2003) The Occurence of Nosema Apis (Zander) , pp. 43
    • Swart, D.J.1
  • 73
    • 12244288781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of sub-lethal imidacloprid doses on the homing rate and foraging activity of honey bees
    • Bortolotti L, Montanari R, Marcelino J, Medrzycki P, Maini S, et al. (2003) Effects of sub-lethal imidacloprid doses on the homing rate and foraging activity of honey bees. Bulletin of Insectology 56: 63-67.
    • (2003) Bulletin of Insectology , vol.56 , pp. 63-67
    • Bortolotti, L.1    Montanari, R.2    Marcelino, J.3    Medrzycki, P.4    Maini, S.5
  • 74
    • 84864015483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning impairment in honey bees caused by agricultural spray adjuvants
    • Ciarlo TJ, Mullin CA, Frazier JL, Schmehl DR (2012) Learning impairment in honey bees caused by agricultural spray adjuvants. Plos One 7: e40848.
    • (2012) Plos One , vol.7
    • Ciarlo, T.J.1    Mullin, C.A.2    Frazier, J.L.3    Schmehl, D.R.4
  • 75
    • 1642401214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of imidacloprid and deltamethrin on associative learning in honeybees under semi-field and laboratory conditions
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.08.001, PII S0147651303001477
    • Decourtye A, Devillers J, Cluzeau S, Charreton M, Pham-Delegue MH (2004) Effects of imidacloprid and deltamethrin on associative learning in honeybees under semi-field and laboratory conditions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 57: 410-419. (Pubitemid 38376274)
    • (2004) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 410-419
    • Decourtye, A.1    Devillers, J.2    Cluzeau, S.3    Charreton, M.4    Pham-Delegue, M.-H.5
  • 76
    • 84863865271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression in honey bee (Apis mellifera) larvae exposed to pesticides and Varroa mites (Varroa destructor)
    • Gregorc A, Evans JD, Scharf M, Ellis JD (2012) Gene expression in honey bee (Apis mellifera) larvae exposed to pesticides and Varroa mites (Varroa destructor). J Insect Physiol 58: 1042-1049.
    • (2012) J Insect Physiol , vol.58 , pp. 1042-1049
    • Gregorc, A.1    Evans, J.D.2    Scharf, M.3    Ellis, J.D.4
  • 77
    • 84862777387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honey bees (Apis mellifera) reared in brood combs containing high levels of pesticide residues exhibit increased susceptibility to Nosema (Microsporidia) infection
    • Wu JY, Smart MD, Anelli CM, Sheppard WS (2012) Honey bees (Apis mellifera) reared in brood combs containing high levels of pesticide residues exhibit increased susceptibility to Nosema (Microsporidia) infection. J Invertebr Pathol 109: 326-329.
    • (2012) J Invertebr Pathol , vol.109 , pp. 326-329
    • Wu, J.Y.1    Smart, M.D.2    Anelli, C.M.3    Sheppard, W.S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.