Assessing access to care for transgender and gender nonconforming people: A consideration of diversity in combating discrimination

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 110, Issue , 2014, Pages 65-73

  Cruz, Taylor M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Access to care; Gender nonconforming; Stigma; Transgender; United States

Indexed keywords

DISEASE TREATMENT; GENDER DISPARITY; GENDER RELATIONS; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH INSURANCE; IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION; PUBLIC HEALTH;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASIAN; CONTROLLED STUDY; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH INSURANCE; HISPANIC; HUMAN; INCOME; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SELF DISCLOSURE; SEXISM; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL NETWORK; STIGMA; TRANSSEXUALISM; TRANSSEXUALITY; UNITED STATES;

UNITED STATES;

ACCESS TO CARE; GENDER NONCONFORMING; STIGMA; TRANSGENDER; UNITED STATES;

FEMALE; GENDER IDENTITY; HEALTH CARE SURVEYS; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HUMANS; MALE; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION; SOCIAL STIGMA; TRANSGENDERED PERSONS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84899548711     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: 18735347     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.032     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Adams P.F., Heyman K.M., Vickerie J.L. Summary health statistics for the U.S. population: National Health Interview Survey, 2008. Vital and Health Statisitics 2009, 10(243).
2. Aday L.A., Andersen R. Aframework for the study of access to medical care. Health Services Research 1974, 9(3):208-220.
3. Baral S.D., Poteat T., Guadamuz T.E., Beyrer C. Authors' reply. Lancet 2013, 13:832-833.
4. Bauer G.R., Hammond R., Travers R., Kaay M., Hohenadel K.M., Boyce M. Idon't think this is theoretical'; this is our lives: How erasure impacts health care for transgender people. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2009, 20(5):348-361.
5. Bindman A.B., Grumbach K., Osmond D., Komaromy M., Vranizan K., Lurie N., Billings J., Stewart A. Preventable hospitalizations and access to health care. Journal of the American Medical Association 1995, 274(4):305-311.
6. Bockting W., Robinson B., Benner A., Scheltema K. Patient satisfaction with transgender health services. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 2004, 30(4):277-294.
7. Bornstein K., Bear Bergman S. Gender Outlaws: the Next Generation 2010, Seal Press, Berkeley, CA.
8. Bradford J., Reisner S.L., Honnold J.A., Xavier J. Experiences of transgender-related discrimination and implications for health: Results from the Virgina transgender health initiative study. American Journal of Public Health 2013, 103(10):1820-1829.
9. Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Family and Community Medicine Primary Care Protocol for Transgender Patient Care 2011, (accessed 01.01.14.). http://transhealth.ucsf.edu/trans?page=protocol-terminologyth.
10. Cobos D.G., Jones J. Moving forward: Transgender persons as change agents in health care access and human rights. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2009, 20(5):341-347.
11. Cunningham P.J., Felland L.E. Falling behind: Americans' Access to Medical Care Deteriorates, 2003-2007 2008, (accessed 18.03.13.). http://www.hschange.com/CONTENT/993/993.pdf.
12. Davidson M. Seeking refuge under the umbrella: Inclusion, exclusion, and organizing within the category transgender. Sexuality Research & Social Policy 2007, 4(4):60-80.
13. Diamant A.L., Hays R.D., Morales L.S., Ford W., Calmes D., Asch S., Duan N., Fielder E., Kim S., Fielding J., Sumner G., Shapiro M.F., Hayes-Bautista D., Gelberg L. Delays and unmet needs for health care among adult primary care patients in a restructured urban public health system. American Journal of Public Health 2004, 94(5):783-789.
14. Dozier R. Breasts, beards, and bodies: Doing sex in a gendered world. Gender & Society 2005, 19(3):297-316.
15. Drescher J. Queer diagnoses: Parallels and contrasts in the history of homosexuality, gender variance, and the diagnositc and statistical manual. Archives of Sexual Behavior 2010, 39:427-460.
16. Drescher J., Cohen-Kettenis P., Winter S. Minding the body: Situating gender identity diagnoses in the ICD-11. International Review of Psychiatry 2012, 24(6):568-577.
17. Goffman E. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity 1963, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
18. Grant J.M., Mottet L.A., Tanis J., Harrison J., Herman J.L., Keisling M. Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey 2011, (accessed 18.03.13.). http://www.thetaskforce.org/downloads/reports/reports/ntds_full.pdf.
19. Herbst J.H., Jacobs E.D., Finlayson T.J., McKleroy V.S., Neumann M.S., Crepaz N., HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Team Estimating HIV prevalence and risk behaviors of transgender persons in the United States: A systematic review. AIDS and Behavior 2008, 12(1):1-17.
20. Hines S. What's the difference? Bringing particularlity to queer studies of transgender. Journal of Gender Studies 2006, 15(1):49-66.
21. Informed Consent for Access to Trans Health. n.d. Informed Consent for Access to Trans Health (accessed 01.01.14.). http://www.icath.org/default.html.
22. Irwin J.A., Fisher C.M., Coleman J.D. Trans* in Nebraska: Descriptive results from the Midlands LGBT Needs Assessment 2012, Paper presented at the meeting of the American Public Health Association, San Francisco, CA, (accessed 01.01.14.). https://apha.confex.com/apha/140am/webprogram/Paper265178.html.
23. Kenagy G.P. Transgender health: Findings from two needs assessment studies in Philadelphia. Health & Social Work 2005, 30(1):19-26.
24. Kuper L.E., Nussbaum R., Mustanski B. Exploring the diversity of gender and sexual orientation identities in an online sample of trangender individuals. Journal of Sex Research 2012, 49(2-3):244-254.
25. Levesque J., Harris M., Russell G. Patient-centred access to health care: conceptualising access at the interface of health systems and populations. International Journal for Equity in Health 2013, 12(18).
26. Link B.G., Phelan J.C. Conceptualizating stigma. Annual Review of Sociology 2001, 27:363-385.
27. Link B.G., Phelan J.C. Stigma and its public health implications. Lancet 2006, 367:528-529.
28. Lombardi E. Varieties of transgender/transsexual lives and their relationship with transphobia. Journal of Homosexuality 2009, 56(8):977-992.
29. Lombardi E.L., Wilchins R.A., Priesing D., Malouf D. Gender violence. Journal of Homosexuality 2002, 42(1):89-101.
30. Lorber J. Believing is seeing: Biology as ideology. Gender & Society 1993, 7(4):568-581.
31. Mayer K.H., Bradford J.B., Makadon H.J., Stall R., Goldhammer H., Landers S. Sexual and gender minority health: What we know and what needs to be done. American Journal of Public Health 2008, 98(6):989-995.
32. Melendez R.M., Bonem L.A., Sember R. On bodies and research: Transgender issues in health and HIV research articles. Sexuality Research & Social Policy 2006, 3(4):21-38.
33. Mollborn S., Stepanikova I., Cook K.S. Delayed care and unmet needs among health care system users: When does fiduciary trust in a physician matter?. Health Services Research 2005, 40(6):1898-1917.
34. Monro S. Gender Politics: Citizenship, Activism and Sexual Diversity 2005, Pluto Press, Ann Arbor, MI.
35. Namaste V. Sex Change, Social Change: Reflections on Identity, Institutions, and Imperialism 2005, Women's Press, Toronto, Ontario.
36. Nemoto T., Operario D., Keatley J., Nguyen H., Sugano E. Promoting health for transgender women: Transgender Resources and Neighborhood Space (TRANS) program in San Francisco. American Journal of Public Health 2005, 95(3):382-384.
37. Genderqueer: Voices from Beyond the Sexual Binary 2002, Alyson Books, Los Angeles. J. Nestle, C. Howell, R. Wilchins (Eds.).
38. Poteat T., German D., Kerrigan D. Managing uncertainty: a grounded theory of stigma in transgender health care encounters. Social Science & Medicine 2013, 84:22-29.
39. Rachlin K., Green J., Lombardi E. Utilization of health care among female-to-male transgender individuals in the United States. Journal of Homosexuality 2008, 54(3):243-258.
40. Roen K. "Either/or" and "both/neither": Discursive tensions in transgender politics. Signs 2002, 27(2):501-522.
41. Serano J. Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity 2007, Seal Press, Berkeley, CA.
42. Sequeira G.M., Chakraborti C., Panunti B.A. Integrating lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) content into undergraduate medical school curricula: A qualitative study. The Ochsner Journal 2012, 12(4):279-382.
43. Snelgrove J.W., Jasudavisius A.M., Rowe B.W., Head E.M., Bauer G.R. "Completely out-at-sea" with "two-gender medicine": A qualitative analysis of physician-side barriers to providing healthcare for transgender patients. BMC Health Services Research 2012, 12(110):1-13.
44. Stoddard J., Leibowitz S.F., Ton H., Snowdon S. Improving medical education about gender-variant youth and transgender adolescents. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2011, 20(4):779-791.
45. Stryker S. Transgender History 2008, Seal Press, Berkeley, CA.
46. Valentine D. Imagining Transgender: an Ethnography of a Category 2007, Duke University Press, Durham, NC.
47. World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People: 7th Version 2011, (accessed 01.01.14.). http://www.avitale.com/SOCv7.pdf.
48. Wright P., Treacher A. The Problem of Medical Knowledge: Examining the Social Construction of Medicine 1982, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
49. Xavier J., Honnold J.A., Bradford J. The Health, Health-related needs, and Lifecourse Experiences of Transgender Virginians 2007, (accessed 01.01.14.). http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/diseaseprevention/documents/pdf/THISFINALREPORTVol1.pdf.