Common diagnostic flowcharts in infective endocarditis

Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

Volumn 58, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 55-65

  Iung, B ^a   Erba, P A ^b   Petrosillo, N ^c   Lazzeri, E ^b  

^a ASSISTANCE PUBLIQUE HÔPITAUX DE PARIS   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES L SPALLANZANI   (Italy)

Author keywords

Echocardiography; Endocarditis; Microbiology; Radionuclide imaging

Indexed keywords

FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; GALLIUM CITRATE GA 67; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TC 99M; SULESOMAB TC 99M; DIAGNOSTIC AGENT; RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL AGENT;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH ROUTE; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; HUMAN; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; SCINTIGRAPHY; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM; ENDOCARDIUM; FEMALE; HEART DISEASE; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; MALE; METASTASIS; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVIEW; SCINTISCANNING;

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS, CLINICAL; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, TRANSESOPHAGEAL; ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL; ENDOCARDIUM; FALSE POSITIVE REACTIONS; FEMALE; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F18; HEART DISEASES; HUMANS; MALE; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING; RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 84899492255     PISSN: 18244785     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG, Jr., Bolger AF, Levison ME et al. Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Circulation 2005;111:e394-434.
2. Habib G, Hoen B, Tornos P, Thuny F, Prendergast B, Vilacosta I et al. Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009): the Task Force on the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and the International Society of Chemotherapy (ISC) for Infection and Cancer. Eur Heart J 2009;30:2369-413.
3. Selton-Suty C, Celard M, Le Moing V, Doco-Lecompte T, Chirouze C, Iung B et al. Preeminence of Staphylococcus aureus in infective endocarditis: a 1-year population-based survey. Clin Infect Dis 2012;54:1230-9.
4. Tleyjeh IM, Steckelberg JM, Murad HS, Anavekar NS, Ghomrawi HM, Mirzoyev Z et al. Temporal trends in infective endocarditis: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. JAMA 2005;293:3022-8. (Pubitemid 40965072)
5. Que YA, Moreillon P. Infective endocarditis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2011;8:322-36.
6. Murdoch DR, Corey GR, Hoen B, Miro JM, Fowler VG, Jr., Bayer AS et al. Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med 2009;169:463-73.
7. Duval X, Delahaye F, Alla F, Tattevin P, Obadia JF, Le Moing V et al. Temporal trends in infective endocarditis in the context of prophylaxis guideline modifications: three successive population-based surveys. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:1968-76.
8. Tleyjeh IM, Abdel-Latif A, Rahbi H, Scott CG, Bailey KR, Steckelberg JM et al. A systematic review of population-based studies of infective endocarditis. Chest 2007;132:1025-35.
9. Fournier PE, Thuny F, Richet H, Lepidi H, Casalta JP, Arzouni JP et al. Comprehensive diagnostic strategy for blood culture-negative endocarditis: a prospective study of 819 new cases. Clin Infect Dis 2010;51:131-40.
10. Raoult D, Casalta JP, Richet H, Khan M, Bernit E, Rovery C et al. Contribution of systematic serological testing in diagnosis of infective endocarditis. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:5238-42. (Pubitemid 41484031)
11. Rovery C, Greub G, Lepidi H, Casalta JP, Habib G, Collart F et al. PCR detection of bacteria on cardiac valves of patients with treated bacterial endocarditis. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:163-7. (Pubitemid 40096295)
12. Thuny F, Grisoli D, Collart F, Habib G, Raoult D. Management of infective endocarditis: challenges and perspectives. Lancet 2012;379:965-75.
13. Li JS, Sexton DJ, Mick N, Nettles R, Fowler VG, Jr., Ryan T et al. Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:633-8.
14. Laplace G, Lafitte S, Labeque JN, Perron JM, Baudet E, Deville C et al. Clinical significance of early thrombosis after prosthetic mitral valve replacement: a postoperative monocentric study of 680 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:1283-90. (Pubitemid 38452608)
15. Ronderos RE, Portis M, Stoermann W, Sarmiento C. Are all echocardiographic findings equally predictive for diagnosis in prosthetic endocarditis? J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004;17:664-9. (Pubitemid 38858046)
16. Thuny F, Gaubert JY, Jacquier A, Tessonnier L, Cammilleri S, Raoult D et al. Imaging investigations in infective endocarditis: current approach and perspectives. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2013;106:52-62.
17. Duval X, Iung B, Klein I, Brochet E, Thabut G, Arnoult F et al. Effect of early cerebral magnetic resonance imaging on clinical decisions in infective endocarditis: a prospective study. Ann Intern Med 2010;152:497-504, W175.
18. Thuny F, Avierinos JF, Tribouilloy C, Giorgi R, Casalta JP, Milandre L et al. Impact of cerebrovascular complications on mortality and neurologic outcome during infective endocarditis: a prospective multicentre study. Eur Heart J 2007;28:1155-61. (Pubitemid 47343863)
19. Snygg-Martin U, Gustafsson L, Rosengren L, Alsio A, Ackerholm P, Andersson R et al. Cerebrovascular complications in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis are common: a prospective study using magnetic resonance imaging and neurochemical brain damage markers. Clin Infect Dis 2008;47:23-30. (Pubitemid 351920582)
20. Cooper HA, Thompson EC, Laureno R, Fuisz A, Mark AS, Lin M et al. Subclinical brain embolization in left-sided infective endocarditis: results from the evaluation by MRI of the brains of patients with left-sided intracardiac solid masses (EMBOLISM) pilot study. Circulation 2009;120:585-91.
21. Iung B, Klein I, Mourvillier B, Olivot JM, Detaint D, Longuet P et al. Respective effects of early cerebral and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging on clinical decisions in infective endocarditis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012;13:703-10.
22. Wiseman J, Rouleau J, Rigo P, Strauss HW, Pitt B. Gallium-67 myocardial imaging for the detection of bacterial endocarditis. Radiology 1976;120:135-8.
23. Hardoff R, Luder AS, Lorber A, Dembo L. Early detection of infantile endocarditis by gallium-67 scintigraphy. Eur J Nucl Med 1989;15:219-21. (Pubitemid 19115573)
24. Spies SM, Meyers SN, Barresi V, Grais IM, DeBoer A. A case of myocardial abscess evaluated by radionuclide techniques: case report. J Nucl Med 1977;19:1084-90.
25. Martin P, Devriendt J, Goffin Y, Verhas M. Gallium-67 scintigraphy in fibrinous pericarditis associated with bacterial endocarditis. Eur J Nucl Med 1982;7:192-3. (Pubitemid 12140343)
26. Melvin ET, Berger M, Lutzker LG, Goldberg E, Mildvan D. Non-invasive methods for detection of valve vegetations in infective endocarditis. Am J Cardiol 1981;47:271.
27. Miller SW, Palmer EL, Dinsmore RE, Brady TJ. Gallium-67 and Magnetic Resonance imaging in aortirc root abscess J Nucl Med 1987;28:1616-9. (Pubitemid 17158137)
28. O'Brien K, Barnes D, Martin RH, Rae JR. Gallium SPECT in the detection of prosthetic valve endocarditis and aortic ring abscess. J Nucl Med 1991; 32:1791-3.
29. Bair HJ, Becker W, Volkholz HJ, Wolf F. 99mTc-labelled anti NCA-95 antibodies in prosthetic heart valve endocarditis. Nuklearmedizin 1991;30:149-50.
30. Morguet AJ, Munz DL, Ivancević V, Werner GS, Kreuzer H. The clinical importance of scintigraphy with the murine monoclonal antigranulocyte antibody BW 250/183 for the diagnosis of prosthesis-related endocarditis. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1995;120:861-6.
31. Gratz S, Raddatz D, Hagenah G, Behr T, Behe M, Becker W. 99mTc-labelled antigranulocyte monoclonal antibody FAB′ fragments vs echocardiography in the diagnosis of subacute infective endocarditis. Int J Cardiol 2000;75:75-84.
32. Ishimori T, Saga T, Mamede M, Kobayashi H, Higashi T, Nakamoto Y et al. Increased (18)F-FDG uptake in a model of inflammation: concanavalin A-mediated lymphocyte activation. J Nucl Med 2002;43:658-63. (Pubitemid 34507119)
33. Kubota R, Yamada S, Kubota K, Ishiwata K, Tamahashi N, Ido T. Intratumoral distribution of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in vivo: high accumulation in macrophages and granulation tissues studied by microautoradio- graphy. J Nucl Med 1992; 33:1972-80.
34. Brewer S, McPherson M, Fujiwara D, Turovskaya O, Ziring D, Chen L et al. Molecular imaging of murine intestinal inflammation with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro- D- glucose and positron emission tomography. Gastroenterology 2008; 135:744-755.
35. Bleeker-Rovers CP, Vos FJ, Wanten GJ, van der Meer JW, Corstens FH, Kullberg BJ, et al. 18F-FDG PET in detecting metastatic infectious disease. J Nucl Med 2005;46:2014-9. (Pubitemid 46657448)
36. Yen RF, Chen YC, Wu YW, Pan MH, Chang SC. Using 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in detecting infectious endocarditis/endoarteritis: a preliminary report. Acad Radiol 2004;11:316-21.
37. Ho HH, Cheung CW, Yeung CK. Septic peripheral embolization from Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1009.
38. Vind SH, Hess S. Possible role of PET/CT in infective endocarditis. J Nucl Cardiol 2010;17:516-9.
39. Sankatsing SU, Kolader ME, Bouma BJ, Bennink RJ, Verberne HJ, Ansink TM et al. 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-negative endocarditis lenta caused by Bartonella henselae. J Heart Valve Dis 2011;20:100-2.
40. Yeh CL, Liou JY, Chen SW, Chen YK. Infective endocarditis detected by 18F-fluoro-2deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in a patient with occult infection. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2011;27:528-31.
41. Gheysens O, Lips N, Adriaenssens T, Pans S, Maertens J, Herregods MC et al. Septic pulmonary embolisms and metastaticinfections from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis on FDG PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012;39:183.
42. Belohlavek O, Votrubova J, Skopalova M, Fend P. The detection of aortic valve infection by FDG-PET/CT in a patient with infection following total knee replacement. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2005;32:518. (Pubitemid 40591186)
43. Love C, Tomas MB, Tronco GG, Palestro CJ. FDG PET of infection and inflammation. Radiographics 2005;25:1357-68. (Pubitemid 41695350)
44. Klingensmith WC 3rd, Perlman D, Baum K. Intrapatient comparison of 2-deoxy-2-[F18]fluoro-D-glucose with positron emissiontomography/computed tomography to Tc-99m fanolesomab (NeutroSpec) for localization of infection. Mol Imaging Biol 2007;9:295-9. (Pubitemid 47304779)
45. Moghadam-Kia S, Nawaz A, Millar BC, Moore JE, Wiegers SE, Torigian DA et al. Imaging with (18)F-FDG-PET in infective endocarditis: promising role in difficult diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Hell J Nucl Med 2009;12:165-7.
46. Huyge V, Unger P, Goldman S. Images in radiology. A bright spot. Am J Med 2010;123:37-39.
47. Kenzaka T, Shimoshikiryo M, Kitao A, Kario K, Hashimoto M. Positron emission tomography scan can be a reassuring tool to treat difficult cases of infective endocarditis. J Nucl Cardiol 2011;18:741-3.
48. Plank F, Mueller S, Uprimny C, Hangler H, Feuchtner G. Detection of bioprosthetic valve infection by image fusion of (18) fluorodeoxyglucose- positron emission tomography and computed tomography. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2012;14:364-6.
49. Yedidya I, Stein GY, Vaturi M, Blieden L, Bernstine H, Pitlik SD et al. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography for the diagnosis of endocarditis in patients with pulmonic stented valve/pulmonic stent. Ann Thorac Surg 2011;91:287-9.
50. Wallner M, Steyer G, Krause R, Gstettner C, von Lewinski D. Fungal endocarditis of a bioprosthetic aortic valve: Pharmacological treatment of a Candida parapsilosis endocarditis. Herz 2013;38:431-4.
51. Feuchtner G, Plank F, Uprimny C, Chevtchik O, Mueller S. Paravalvular prosthetic valve abscess detected with 18FDG-PET/128-slice CT image fusion. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012;13:276-7.
52. Klaipetch A, Manabe O, Oyama-Manabe N, Chiba S, Naya M, Yamada S et al. Cardiac (18)F-FDG PET/CT with heparin detects infective vegetation in a patient with mechanical valve replacement. Clin Nucl Med 2012;37:1184-5.
53. Pons J, Morin F, Bernier M, Perron J, Senechal M. Diagnostic challenge of annular abscess in a patient with prosthetic aortic valve: can F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography be helpful? Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2012;65:296-8.
54. Gouriet F, Bayle S, le Dolley Y, Seng P, Cammilleri S, Stein A et al. Infectious endocarditis detected by PET/CT in a patient with a prosthetic knee infection: Case report and review of the literature. Scand J Infect Dis 2013;45:570-4.
55. Yedidya I, Stein GY, Vaturi M, Blieden L, Bernstine H, Pitlik SD et al. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography for the diagnosis of endocarditis in patients with pulmonic stented valve/pulmonic stent. Ann Thorac Surg 2011;91:287-9.
56. Vind SH, Hess S. Possible role of PET/CT in infective endocarditis. J Nucl Cardiol 2010;17:516-9.
57. El Hajjaji I, Mansencal N, Dubourg O. Diagnosis of Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis: usefulness of positron emission tomography. Int J Cardiol 2012;160:e3-4.
58. Van Riet J, Hill EE, Gheysens O, Dymarkowski S, Herregods MC, Herijgers P et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT for early detection of embolism and metastatic infection in patients with infective endocarditis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010;37:1189-97.
59. Di Salvo G, Habib G, Pergola V, Avierinos JF, Philip E, Casalta JP et al. Echocardiography predicts embolic events in infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:1069-76. (Pubitemid 32217608)
60. Kenzaka T, Shimoshikiryo M, Kitao A, Kario K, Hashimoto M. Positron emission tomography scan can be a reassuring tool to treat difficult cases of infective endocarditis. J Nucl Cardiol 2011;18:741-3.
61. Yamanouchi M, Yoshida K, Niwayama H, Nakagawa K, Aioi S, Shikama N et al. Effect of the duration of fasting on myocardial fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography images in normal males. Jpn Circ J 1996;60:319-27.
62. Fan CM, Fischman AJ, Kwek BH, Abbara S, Aquino SL. Lipomatous hypertrophy of the inter-atrial septum: increased uptake on FDG PET. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005;184:339-42. (Pubitemid 40040951)
63. Shreve PD, Anzai Y, Wahl RL. Pitfalls in oncologic diagnosis with FDG PET imaging: physiologic and benign variants. Radiographics 1999;19:61-77.
64. Williams G, Kolodny GM. Retrospective study of coronary uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in association with calcification and coronary artery disease: a preliminary study. Nucl Med Commun 2009;30:287-91.
65. Kaderli AA, Baran I, Aydin O, Bicer M, Akpinar T, Ozkalemkas F et al. Diffuse involvement of the heart and great vessels in primary cardiac lymphoma. Eur J Echocardiogr 2010;11:74-6.
66. García JR, Simo M, Huguet M, Ysamat M, Lomeña F. Usefulness of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the evaluation of tumor cardiac thrombus from renal cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2006;8:124-8.
67. Ohira H, Tsujino I, Yoshinaga K. 18F-Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in cardiac sarcoidosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011;38:1783.
68. Abidov A, D'agnolo A, Hayes SW, Berman DS, Waxman AD. Uptake of FDG in the area of a recently implanted bioprosthetic mitral valve. Clin Nucl Med 2004;29:848. (Pubitemid 39557574)
69. Dumarey N, Egrise D, Blocklet D, Stallenberg B, Remmelink M, del Marmol V et al. Imaging infection with 18F-FDG-labeled leukocyte PET/CT: initial experience in 21 patients. J Nucl Med 2006;47:625-63.
70. Riba AL, Thakur ML, Gottschalk A, Andriole VT, Zaret BL. Imaging experimental infective endocarditis with indium-111-labeled blood cellular components. Circulation 1979;59:336-43. (Pubitemid 9138730)
71. Cerqueira MD, Jacobson AF. Indium-111 leukocyte scintigraphic detection of myocardial abscess formation in patients with endocarditis. J Nucl Med 1989;30:703-6. (Pubitemid 19140266)
72. Borst U, Becker W, Maisch B, Börner W, Kochsiek K. Indium-111 or Tc-99m-HMPAO marked granulocytes as specific markers of florid stage endocarditis-results comparing clinical, histological and scintigraphic findings in 30 patients with suspected endocarditis ZKardiol 1992;81:432-7.
73. Hyafil F, Rouzet F, Lepage L, Benali K, Raffoul R, Duval X et al. Role of radiolabelled leucocyte scintigraphy in patients with a suspicion of prosthetic valve endocarditis and inconclusive echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;14:586-94.
74. Ivancević V, Munz DL. Nuclear Medicine imaging of endocarditis Q J Nucl Med 1999;43:93-9. (Pubitemid 29183017)
75. Erba PA, Conti U, Lazzeri E, Sollini M, Doria R, De Tommasi SM et al. Added value of 99mTc-HMPAO-labeled leukocyte SPECT/CT in the characterization and management of patients with infectious endocarditis. J Nucl Med 2012;53:1235-43.