Optimal time for initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected, treatment-naive children aged 2 to 5 years old

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2013, Issue 10, 2013, Pages

  Siegfried, Nandi ^a,b   Davies, Mary Ann ^a   Penazzato, Martina ^c,d   Muhe, Lulu M ^c   Egger, Matthias ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

^d MRC CLINICAL TRIALS UNIT   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT;

ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CAMBODIA; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE PERCENTAGE; DEATH; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LUNG TUBERCULOSIS; MORTALITY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SOUTH AFRICA; SURVIVAL; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; THAILAND; TIME TO TREATMENT; TREATMENT DURATION; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VIROLOGY; VIRUS LOAD; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD; DRUG ADMINISTRATION; DRUG COMBINATION; HIV INFECTIONS; IMMUNOLOGY; INFANT; PILOT STUDY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROCEDURES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); METHODOLOGY;

ANTI-HIV AGENTS; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INFANT; PILOT PROJECTS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC;

EID: 84899466441     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010309.pub2     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Ananworanich J, Kosalaraksa P, Siangphoe U, Engchanil C, Pancharoen C, Lumbiganon P, et al.A feasibility study of immediate versus deferred antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV infection. AIDS research and therapy 2008;5:24. [PUBMED: 18957095]
2. Wongsawat J, Puthanakit T, Kanjanavanit S, Hansudewechakul R, Ngampiyaskul C, Kerr SJ, et al.CD4 cell count criteria to determine when to initiate antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. The Pediatric infectious disease journal 2010;29(10):966-8. [PUBMED: 20418798]
3. Yotebieng M, Van Rie A, Moultrie H, Cole SR, Adimora A, Behets F, et al.Effect on mortality and virological response of delaying antiretroviral therapy initiation in children receiving tuberculosis treatment. AIDS (London, England) 2010;24(9):1341-9. [PUBMED: 20559039]
4. Edmonds A, Lusiama J, Napravnik S, Kitetele F, Van Rie A, Behets F. Anti-retroviral therapy reduces incident tuberculosis in HIV-infected children. International journal of epidemiology 2009;38(6):1612-21. [PUBMED: 19448046]
5. Edmonds A, Yotebieng M, Lusiama J, Matumona Y, Kitetele F, Napravnik S, et al.The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the survival of HIV-infected children in a resource-deprived setting: a cohort study. PLoS medicine 2011;8(6):e1001044. [PUBMED: 21695087]
6. Munyagwa M, Baisley K, Levin J, Brian M, Grosskurth H, Maher D. Mortality of HIV-infected and uninfected children in a longitudinal cohort in rural south-west Uganda during 8 years of follow-up. Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH 2012;17(7):836-43. [PUBMED: 22591447]
7. Musoke PM, Mudiope P, Barlow-Mosha LN, Ajuna P, Bagenda D, Mubiru MM, et al.Growth, immune and viral responses in HIV infected African children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: a prospective cohort study. BMC pediatrics 2010;10:56. [PUBMED: 20691045]
8. Patel K, Hernán MA, Williams PL, Seeger JD, McIntosh K, Van Dyke RB, Seage GR 3rd, Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 219/219C Study Team. Long-term effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on CD4+ cell evolution among children and adolescents infected with HIV: 5 years and counting. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46(11):1751-60. [PUBMED: 18426371]
9. Patel K, Hernan MA, Williams PL, Seeger JD, McIntosh K, Van Dyke RB, Seage GR 3rd, Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 219/219C Study Team. Long-term effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the survival of children and adolescents with HIV infection: a 10-year follow-up study. Clinical infectious Diseases 2008;46(4):507-15. [PUBMED: 18199042]
10. Division of AIDS. Table for grading the severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events. Accessed 28 October 2009 http://rcc.tech-res.com/Document/safetyandpharmacovigilance/DAIDS_AE_GradingTable_Clarification_August2009_Final.pdf.
11. Fenner L, Brinkhof MW, Keiser O, Weigel R, Cornell M, Moultrie H, Prozesky H, Technau K, Eley B, Vaz P, Pascoe M, Giddy J, Van Cutsem G, Wood R, Egger M, Davies MA. Early mortality and loss to follow-up in HIV-infected children starting antiretroviral therapy in Southern Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010;54(5):542-532.
12. Jan Bozek, Andrew Oxman, Olger Schunemann. GradePro 2008. 3.2 for Windows. GRADE Working Group, 2008, 2008.
13. Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, Kunz R, Vist G, Brozek J, et al.GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. Journal of clinical epidemiology 2011;64(4):383-94. [PUBMED: 21195583]
14. Heidari S, Mofenson LM, Hobbs CV, Cotton MF, Marlink R, Katabira E. Unresolved antiretroviral treatment management issues in HIV-infected children. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2012;59(2):161-9. [PUBMED: 22138766]
15. Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine 2002;21(11):1539-58.
16. Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.2 [updated September 2009]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2009. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org.
17. Lewis J, Walker AS, Castro H, De Rossi A, Gibb DM, Giaquinto C, Klein N, Callard R. Age and CD4 Count at Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Children: Effects on Long-term T-Cell Reconstitution. J Infect Dis 2011;205:548-56.
18. Patel K, Hernan MA, Williams PL, Seeger JD, McIntosh K, Van Dyke RB, et al.Long-term effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the survival of children and adolescents with HIV infection: a 10-year follow-up study. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2008;46(4):507-15. [PUBMED: 18199042]
19. Penazzato M, Prendergast A, Tierney J, Cotton M, Gibb D. Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children under 2 years of age. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) 2012;7:CD004772. [PUBMED: 22786492]
20. Prendergast AJ, Penazzato M, Cotton M, Musoke P, Mulenga V, Abrams EJ, Gibb DM. Treatment of Young Children with HIV Infection: Using Evidence to Inform Policymakers. PLoS Medicine 2012;9(7):e1001273. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001273.
21. Robins JM, Hernan MA, Brumback B. Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology 2000;11(5):550-560.
22. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2012. http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/epidemiology/2012/gr2012/20121120_UNAIDS_Global_Report_2012_en.pdf 2012;Accessed 24 May 2013.
23. Violari A, Cotton MF, Gibb DM, Babiker AG, Steyn J, Madhi SA, Jean-Philippe P, McIntyre JA, CHER Study Team. Early antiretroviral therapy and mortality among HIV-infected infants. N Eng J Med 2008;359:2233-2244.
24. World Health Organization. Scaling up antiretroviral therapy In resource-limited settings: guidelines for a public health approach. 2002; Vol. http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/prev_care/en/ScalingUp_E.pdf (Accessed 29 July 2012).
25. World Health Organization. Scaling up antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings:treatment guidelines for a public health approach [2003 revision]. 2003; Vol. http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/prev_care/en/arvrevision2003en.pdf (Accessed 29 July 2012).
26. World Health Organization. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach [2006 revision]. World Health Organization, 2006; Vol. http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/artadultguidelines.pdf (Accessed 29 July 2012).
27. World Health Organization. Antiretroviral therapy of HIV infection in infants and children: towards universal access. Recommendations for a public health approach. 2006; Vol. http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/paediatric020907.pdf (Accessed 29 July 2012).
28. World Health Organization. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach [2010 revision]. 2010; Vol. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241599764_eng.pdf (Accessed 29 July 2012).
29. World Health Organization. Antiretroviral therapy of HIV infection in infants and children: towards universal access: recommendations for a public health approach [2010 revision]. 2010; Vol. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241599801_eng.pdf (Accessed 29 July 2012).
30. World Health Organization. Global HIV/AIDS response: epidemic update and health sector progress towards universal access: progress report 2011. 2011; Vol. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241502986_eng.pdf (Accessed 2 August 2012).
31. World Health Organization. The treatment 2.0 framework for action: catalysing the next phase of treatment, care and support. 2011; Vol. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501934_eng.pdf (Accessed 2 August 2012).