Breeding Contempt: The history of coerced sterilization in the United States

Breeding Contempt: The History of Coerced Sterilization in the United States

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-215

  Largent, Mark ^a  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84899228798     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (495)

1. Berry et al. Constituting the Board of Parole of Iowa, et al. v. Davis, 242 U.S. 468;
2. 37 S. Ct. 208;
3. 61 L. Ed. 441; 1917.
4. Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200;
5. 47 S. Ct. 584; 1927.
6. Cochran v. Louisiana State Board of Education, 281 U.S. 370; 1930.
7. Cook v. State, 9 Ore. App. 224, 495 P.2d 768; 1972.
8. David v. Berry et al., 216 F. 413; 1914.
9. Davis v.Walton, 74 Utah 80; 276 P. 921; 1929.
10. Herring v. State, 119 Ga. 709, 46 S.E. 876; 1904.
11. In re Joseph Lee Moore, 289 N.C. 95; 221 S.E. 2d 307; 1976.
12. In re Main, 1162 Okla. 65; 19 P.2d 153; 1933.
13. In re Opinion of the Justices, 230 Ala. 543; 162 So. 123; 1935.
14. In re Salloum, 236 Mich. 478; 210 N.W. 498; 1926.
15. In re Simpson, 180 N.E. 2d 206; 1962.
16. In the Matter of the Sterilization of Hollis Hendrickson, 123 P.2d 322; 1942.
17. Jacobson v.Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11; 1905.
18. Mickle v. Henrichs,Warden of Nevada State Prison, et al., 262 F. 687; 1918.
19. Miranda v. Arizona, 396 U.S. 868; 90 S. Ct. 140; 24 L. Ed. 2d 122; 1969.
20. Nebraska v. Gloria Cavitt et al., 182 Neb. 712; 157 N.W. 2d 171; 1968.
21. Osborn v. Thomson, Andres, and Wansboro, Composing the Examiners of Feeble-Minded Criminals and Other Defectives, 185 A.D. 902; 171 N.Y.S. 1094; 1918.
22. Pierce v. Society of the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus, 268 U.S. 510; 1925.
23. Skinner v. Oklahoma, 115 P.2d 123; 1941.
24. Skinner v. Oklahoma, 316 U.S. 535; 1942.
25. Smith v. Board of Examiners of Feeble-Minded, 85 N.J. L. 46; 88 A. 963; 1913.
26. Smith v.Wayne Probate Judge, 231 Mich. 409; 204 N.W. 140; 1925.
27. State v. Brown, 284 S.C. 407, 326 S.E. 2d 410; 1985.
28. State v. Fenner, 166 N.C. 247, 80 S.E. 970; 1914.
29. State v. Troutman, 50 Idaho 673; 299 P. 668; 1931.
30. Washington v. Feilen, 70Wash. 65; 126 P. 75; 1912.
31. Williams et al. v. Smith, 190 Ind. 526; 131 N.E. 2d; 1921.
32. Wyatt v. Aderholt, 368 F. Supp. 1383; 1974.
33. Charles Benedict Davenport Papers, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.
34. Eugenics Record, 1918-1945, 5/4/04/07, Oregon State Archives, Salem.
35. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Papers, Harvard Law School, Cambridge,Massachusetts.
36. Harry Olson Papers, Northwestern University Archives, Evanston, Illinois.
37. Station for Experimental Evolution Records, Carnegie Institution of Washington,Washington, D.C.
38. ABC News. "Texas to Monitor Child Molester with Ankle Bracelet; Lawyer Says His Client Was Castrated."May 4, 2005.
39. Agar,Nicholas. Liberal Eugenics: In Defense of Human Enhancement.Oxford: Blackwell, 2004.
40. Allen, Garland. "The Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor: An Essay on Institutional History." Osiris 2 (1986): 225-264.
41. "Genetics, Eugenics and Class Struggle." Genetics 79 (1975): 29-45.
42. Genetics, Eugenics and Society: Internalists and Externalists in Contemporary History of Science." Social Studies of Science 6 (1976): 105-122.
43. Alschuler, Albert W. Law without Values: The Life, Work, and Legacy of Justice Holmes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.
44. American Breeders Association: Proceedings of the Meeting Held at Columbus,Ohio, January 15-18, 1907.Washington, D.C.: American Breeders Association, 1907.
45. "American Work Strongly Defended: Dr. Davenport, Who Is the Centre of Criticism
46. Replies to Dr. Heron's Attacks: English Attack on Our Eugenics." New York Times, November 9, 1913.
47. Ames, A. C. "A Plea for Castration, as a Punishment for Crime." Omaha Clinic 6 (1893-1894): 343-345.
48. Arbogast, B. A. "Castration as a Remedy for Crime." Denver Medical Times 15 (August 1895): 55-58.
49. Arnold, Jay F. "Sociological Expediency of Sterilization Statute." Kentucky Law Journal 25 (1936-1937): 186-192.
50. "A Sterilization Law for Kentucky -Its Constitutionality." Kentucky Law Journal 24 (1935-1936): 220-229.
51. Arthur, Stacey L. "The Norplant Prescription: Birth Control Woman Control, or Crime Control?" UCLA Law Review 40 (1992-1993): 1-47.
52. Ayres, Drummond Ayres. "California Child Molesters Face 'Chemical Castration.' " New York Times, August 27, 1996.
53. Baker, Liva. The Justice from Beacon Hill: The Life and Times of Oliver Wendell Holmes.New York: Harper Collins, 1991.
54. Ballenger, Jesse F. Self, Senility, and Alzheimer's Disease in Modern America: A History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.
55. Barnes, Francis. "Vasectomy."New England Medical Monthly 29 (1910): 454-458.
56. Barr, Martin W. Mental Defectives: Their History, Treatment and Training. Philadelphia: Blakiston, 1904.
57. "President's Annual Address." Journal of Psycho-Asthenics 2 (1897): 1-13.
58. "Results of Sterilization." Journal of Psycho-Asthenics 9 (1905): 129.
59. "Some Notes on Asexualization:With a Report of Eighteen Cases." Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 51 (1920): 231-241.
60. Battaglini, Giulio. "Eugenics and Criminal Law." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 5 (1914): 12-15.
61. Battey, Robert. "Castration in Mental and Nervous Diseases: A Symposium." American Journal of Medical Sciences 92 (1886): 483-490.
62. Beckman, Linda. "Chemical Castration: Constitutional Issues of Due Process, Equal Protection, and Cruel and Unusual Punishment."West Virginia Law Review 100 (1997-1998): 853-896.
63. Begos, Kevin. "Castration: Files Suggest That Punishment Was Often the Aim." http://against.theirwill.journalnow.com.
64. Belfield,William T. "The Sterilization of Criminals and Other Defectives by Vasectomy." Journal of the New Mexico Medical Society (July 1909): 21-25.
65. Bell, Alexander Graham. "Eugenics." American Breeders Association Proceedings 5 (1909): 218-220.
66. "A Few Thoughts Concerning Eugenics." American Breeders Association Proceedings 4 (1908): 209.
67. Belluck, Pam. "Cash-for-Sterilization Plan Draws Addicts and Critics." New York Times, July 24, 1999.
68. Bernard, L. L. "Review of Davenport's Naval Officers: Their Heredity and Development." American Journal of Sociology 25 (1919): 241-242.
69. Bernstein, Charles. Problems of Mental Deficiency, No. 2: Social Care of the Mentally Deficient. Washington, D.C.: National Catholic Welfare Conference, 1930.
70. Betten, Neil. "Social Catholicism and the Emergence of Catholic Radicalism in America." Journal of Human Relations 18 (1970): 710-727.
71. Black, Edwin.War against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race. New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 2003.
72. Blanshard, Paul. American Freedom and Catholic Power. Boston: Beacon Press, 1949.
73. Bogart, Henri. "Sterilization of the Unfit -The Indiana Plan." Medical Herald 30 (1911): 81-84.
74. Boston, Charles A. "A Protest against Laws Authorizing the Sterilization of Criminals and Imbeciles." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 7 (1916): 326-358.
75. Bowman, Karl M., and Bernice Engle. "The Problem of Homosexuality." Journal of Social Hygiene 39 (1953).
76. "Breeders Association Will Change Its Name." American Breeders Magazine 4 (1913): 177.
77. Briggs, Laura. Reproducing Empire: Race, Sex, Science, and U.S. Imperialism in Puerto Rico. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
78. Broderick, Francis L. Right Reverend New Dealer: John A. Ryan. New York: Macmillan, 1963.
79. Brody, Kay-Frances. "A Constitutional Analysis of California's Chemical Castration Statute." Temple Political and Civil Rights Law Review 7 (1997-1998): 141-165.
80. Brown, Thomas N. Irish-American Nationalism, 1870-1890. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1966.
81. Bruehl, Charles. Birth-Control and Eugenics in the Light of Fundamental Ethical Principles. New York: Joseph F.Wagner, 1928.
82. Bruinuis, Harry. Better for All the World: The Secret History of Forced Sterilization and American's Quest for Racial Purity. New York: Knopf, 2006.
83. Buffaloe,Neal D., and J. B. Throneberry. Concepts of Biology: A Cultural Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
84. Bund, Jennifer M. "Did You Say Chemical Castration?" University of Pittsburgh Law Review 59 (1997-1998): 157-192.
85. Burke,Melissa. "The Constitutionality of the Use of the Norplant Contraceptive Device as a Condition of Probation."Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 20 (1992-1993): 207-246.
86. Burkhalter, Louis Wood. Gideon Lincecum, 1793-1874: A Biography. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1965.
87. Burns, Gene. The Moral Veto: Framing Contraception, Abortion, and Cultural Pluralism in the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
88. California Department of Finance, California Statistical Abstract. www.dof.ca.gov/html/fs-data/STAT-ABS/toc.htm.
89. Campbell, C. G."The Present Position of Eugenics." Journal of Heredity 24 (1933): 144-147.
90. Campbell, Neil, Lawrence Mitchell, and Jane Reece. Biology: Concepts and Connections. San Francisco: Benjamin/Cummings, 2000.
91. Carlson, Elof Axel. The Unfit: A History of a Bad Idea. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Press, 2001.
92. "Carolina Court Rejects Sentence of Castration."New York Times, October 31, 1984.
93. "Castrated Rapist Tied to 75 New Sex Crimes."New York Times, November 28, 1998.
94. "Castration Is Proposed as Sentencing Option."New York Times, February 14, 1990.
95. "The Castration Option."New York Times, March 10, 1992.
96. The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline and History of the Catholic Church. New York: Appleton, 1907-1913.
97. Cave, F. C. "Report of Sterilization in the Kansas State Home for Feeble-Minded." Journal of Psycho-Asthenics 15 (1910-1911): 123-125.
98. Challener, William A. "The Law of Sexual Sterilization in Pennsylvania." Dickinson Law Review 57 (1952-1953): 298-306.
99. Chamberlin, J. E., and Sander L. Gilman, eds.Degeneration: The Dark Side of Progress.New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.
100. Clark, John E. "Asexualization of Criminals and Degenerates." Michigan Law Journal 6 (1897): 301-305.
101. Clark, L. Pierce. "A Critique of the Legal, Economic and Social Status of the Epileptic." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 17 (1926): 218-233.
102. "Climate and Eugenics." American Breeders Magazine 1 (1910): 183-185.
103. "Clippings and Comments." Journal of Orificial Surgery 1 (1892): 521.
104. Coale, David S."Norplant Bonuses and the Unconstitutional Conditions Doctrine." Texas Law Review 71 (1992-1993): 189-215.
105. Cogdale, Christina. Eugenic Design: Streamlining America in the 1930's. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004.
106. Cole, Leon J. "The Relation of Eugenics to Euthenics." Popular Science Monthly 81 (1912): 475-482.
107. Collins, Dean. "Children of Sorrow: A History of the Mentally Retarded in Kansas." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 39 (1965): 59-61.
108. "Committee on Eugenics." American Breeders Association Proceedings 2 (1906): 11.
109. Comstock, T. Griswold. "Alice Mitchell of Memphis: 'Clippings and Comments.' " Journal of Orificial Surgery 1 (1892-1893): 207.
110. "Constitutional Law: State Sterilization Law Not Contrary to the Fourteenth Amendment Giving Due Process and Equal Protection of the Law." Marquette Law Review 12 (1927-1928): 73-76.
111. Coogan, J. E. "Eugenic Sterilization Holds Jubilee." Catholic World 177 (1953): 44.
112. bibl io graphy Cooper,A.Observations on the Structure and Diseases of the Testis. London:McDowall, 1830.
113. Corr, A. C. "Emasculation and Ovariotomy as a Penalty for Crime and as a Reformatory Agency."Medical Age 13 (1895): 714-716.
114. Council on Sex Offender Treatment. "Castration," Texas Department of State Health Services. www.dsdhs.state.tx.us/csot/csot- tcastration.shtm.
115. C.R.H. "The Prevention of Crime, Not Merely Its Punishment." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 1 (1910): 9-10.
116. Curtis, Helena. Biology, 2nd ed. New York:Worth, 1975.
117. Daniel, Ferdinand Eugene. "Castration of Sexual Perverts." Texas Medical Journal 8 (1893): 255-271.
118. "Castration of Sexual Perverts." Texas Medical Journal 27 (1912): 369-385.
119. Should Insane Criminals or Sexual Perverts Be Allowed to Procreate?" Medico-Legal Journal 114 (1893-1894): 275-292.
120. Danelski, David J. A Supreme Court Justice Is Appointed. New York: Random House, 1964.
121. Davenport, Charles. "Dr. Galloway's 'Canary Breeding.' " Biometrika 7 (1910): 398-400.
122. "Eugenics, a Subject for Investigation Rather Than Instruction." American Breeders Magazine 1 (1910): 68.
123. Heredity in Relation to Eugenics. New York: Henry Holt, 1911.
124. Inheritance in Canaries.Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution ofWashington, 1908.
125. Inheritance in Poultry.Washington,D.C.: Carnegie Institution ofWashington, 1906.
126. "Mendel's Law of Dichotomy in Hybrids." Biological Bulletin 2 (1901): 307-310.
127. "On Utilizing the Facts of Juvenile Promise and Family History in Awarding Naval Commissions to Untried Men." Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 3 (1917): 404-409.
128. "The Relation of the Association to Pure Research." American Breeders Magazine 1 (1910): 66-67.
129. "Report of Committee on Eugenics." American Breeders Magazine 1 (1910): 126-129.
130. "Zoology of the Twentieth Century." Science 14 (1901): 315-324.
131. Davenport, Charles, and Mary Theresa Scudder. Naval Officers: Their Heredity and Development. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1919.
132. Davies, Stanley Powell. Social Control of the Mentally Deficient. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1930.
133. Dawson, B. E., ed. Orificial Surgery: Its Philosophy, Application and Technique. Chicago: Adams, 1912.
134. De Becker. "The Casus 'De Liceitate Vasectomiae.' " American Ecclesiastical Review 42 (1910): 474-475.
135. "Defendant Is Sterilized to Get Lesser Sentence."New York Times, July 22, 1986.
136. "Denounce Sterilization as Outgrowth of Materialism."National Catholic Welfare Conference Bulletin (December 1927): 27.
137. Derosa, Tom. Evolution's Deadly Fruit: How Darwin's Tree of Life Brought Death to Millions. Fort Lauderdale, Fla.: Coral Ridge Ministries, 2005.
138. Deutsch, Albert. The Mentally Ill in America: A History of Their Care and Treatment from Colonial Times. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran, 1937.
139. Dickinson, Robert. "Sterilizing Without Unsexing: I. Surgical Review, with Especial Reference to 5,820 Operations on Insane and Feebleminded in California." Journal of the American Medical Association 92 (1929): 373-379.
140. "Discussion of Myerson's Inheritance of Mental Diseases." Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 12 (1924): 338-339.
141. Dolan,W. S. "Constitutional Law -Insane and Defective Persons -Sterilization of Defectives." Idaho Law Journal 2 (1932): 144-145.
142. Donald,William M. "Asexualization of Criminals and Degenerates."Michigan Law Journal 6 (1897): 294-297.
143. Donovan, Stephen M."Circa Liceitatem Cujusdam Operationis Chirurgicae Proponuntur Dubia Nonnulla." American Ecclesiastical Review 42 (1910): 271-275
144. Summing Up the Discussion on Vasectomy." American Ecclesiastical Review 45 (1911): 313-319.
145. Down, Edwin A. The Sterilization of Degenerates. Hartford, Conn., 1910.
146. "Draft of Sterilization Law for Illinois." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 7 (1916): 611-614.
147. Drake, M. J., I.W.Mills, and D. Cranston. "On the Chequered History of the Vasectomy." British Journal of Urology 84 (1999): 475.
148. Druhm, Kris. "A Welcome Return to Draconia: California Penal Law § 645 the Castration of Sex Offenders and the Constitution." Albany Law Review 61 (1997-1998): 285-343.
149. Duster, Troy. Backdoor to Eugenics. London: Routledge, 1990.
150. Eastman, Bernard Douglass. "Can Society Successfully Organize to Prevent Over-Production of Defectives and Criminals?" Topeka Medical Journal 9 (1897): 351-355.
151. Edgar, W. R. "Asexualization of Criminals and Degenerates." Michigan Law Journal 6 (1897): 291-294.
152. "Editorial: Sterilization of the Unfit." Journal of Psycho-Asthenics 9 (1905): 127-128.
153. "Editorial Comment." Journal of the New Mexico Medical Society (July 1909): 24-25.
154. E.L. "Some Fallacies of Eugenics." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 4 (1914): 904-905.
155. "Emasculation for Criminal Assaults and for Incest." Texas Medical Journal 22 (1907): 347.
156. "Emasculation of Masturbators -Is It Justifiable?" Texas Medical Journal 109 (1894): 243-244.
157. "English Expert Attacks American Eugenics Work."New York Times, November 9, 1913.
158. E.R.K. "Sterilization of Habitual Criminals and Feeble-Minded Persons." Illinois Law Review 5 (1910-1911): 578.
159. Estacio, Richard A. "Sterilization of the Mentally Disabled in Pennsylvania: Three Generations without Legislative Guidance Are Enough."Dickinson Law Review92 (1987-1988): 422.
160. "Eugenic Sterilization in Indiana." Indiana Law Journal 38 (1962-1963): 275-288.
161. Everts, Orpheus. Asexualization as a Penalty for Crime and Reformation of Criminals: A Paper Read before the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, February 27, 1888. Cincinnati: W. B. Carpenter, 1888.
162. Ewell, Jesse. "A Plea for Castration to Prevent Criminal Assault."Virginia Medical Monthly (January 11, 1907): 463-464.
163. Fenning, Frederick. "Sterilization Laws from a Legal Standpoint." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 4 (1914): 808-814.
164. Fermaglich, Kirsten. American Dreams and Nazi Nightmares: Early Holocaust Consciousness and Liberal America, 1957-1965.Waltham,Mass.: Brandeis University Press, 2006.
165. "The Field of Eugenics." American Breeders Magazine 2 (1911): 141.
166. Fitzgerald, Edward. "Chemical Castration: MPS Treatment of the Sexual Offender." American Journal of Criminal Law 18 (1990-1991): 1-60.
167. Flannery,Michael T."Norplant: The New Scarlet Letter?" Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy 8 (1992): 201-226.
168. Forbes, A.W. "Is Eugenics Dead?" Journal of Heredity 24 (1933): 143-144.
169. bibl io graphy Forsthoefel, Paulinus F. "Eugenics." In New Catholic Encyclopedia, 5:627-629.Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America, 1967.
170. Religious Faith Meets Modern Science. New York: Alba House, 1994.
171. Funkhouser,W. D. "Eugenical Sterilization."Kentucky Law Journal 23 (1934-1935): 511-516.
172. Franchot, Jenny. Roads to Rome: The Antebellum Protestant Encounter with Catholicism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1953.
173. Gallagher, Nancy. Breeding Better Vermonters: The Eugenics Project in the Green Mountain State. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1999.
174. Galloway, A. Rudolf. "Canary Breeding: A Partial Analysis of Records from 1891-1909." Biometrika 7 (1909): 1-42.
175. "Canary Breeding: A Rejoinder to C. B. Davenport." Biometrika 7 (1910): 401-403.
176. Gault, Robert H. "Heredity as a Factor in Producing the Criminal." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 4 (1913): 321-322.
177. G.E.K. "Sterilization of Criminals or Defectives."Michigan Law Review 12 (1914): 402.
178. Gelb, Steven. "Degeneracy Theory, Eugenics, and Family Studies." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 26 (1990): 242-246.
179. Genocide in Mississippi. Atlanta: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, n.d. Gerrard, Thomas. The Church and Eugenics. London: S. King and Son, 1912.
180. Gilbert, C. B., et al. "The Prevention of Conception." Cincinnati Medical News 19 (1890): 303-308.
181. Gilbert, Dan. Evolution: The Root of All Isms, 2nd ed. San Diego, Calif.: Danielle, 1941.
182. Gilchrist, Carol. "An Examination of the Effectiveness of California's Chemical Castration Bill in Preventing Sex Offenders from Reoffending." Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal 7 (1998-1999): 181-203.
183. Gimino, Peter J., III. "Mandatory Chemical Castration for Perpetrators of Sex Offenses against Children: Following California's Lead." Pepperdine Law Review 25 (1997-1998): 67-105.
184. Ginzberg, Janet F. "Compulsory Contraception as a Condition of Probation: The Use and Abuse of Norplant." Brooklyn Law Review 58 (1992-1993): 979-1019.
185. Giordano, Kevin. "The Chemical Knife." archive.salon.com/ health/feature/2000/03/01/castration.
186. Glad, John. Future Human Evolution: Eugenics in the Twenty-first Century. Schuylkill Haven, Pa.: Hermitage, 2006.
187. Goddard, Henry Herbert. The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness. New York:Macmillan, 1922.
188. Gordon, S. C."Hysteria and Its Relation to Disease of the Uterine Appendages." Journal of the American Medical Association 6 (1886): 561-567.
189. Gosney, E. S. Collected Papers on Eugenic Sterilization in California: A Critical Study of Results in 6000 Cases. Pasadena, Calif.: Human Betterment Foundation, 1930.
190. "Review of Landman's Human Sterilization." Cornell Law Quarterly 18 (1932-1933): 456-458.
191. Gosney, E. S., and Paul Bowman Popenoe. Sterilization for Human Betterment: A Summary of Results of 6,000 Operations in California, 1909-1929.New York:Macmillan, 1929.
192. Gould, Stephen Jay. The Mismeasure of Man. New York: W.W. Norton, 1981.
193. Grant, Sidney S. "Review of Landman's Human Sterilization." Boston University Law Review 12 (1932): 749-750.
194. Gray, Albert. "Notes on the State Legislation of America in 1895." Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation 1 (1896-1897): 233.
195. 187 Gray,W. F. "On Legislation for Sterilization." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 7 (1916): 591-592.
196. Greeley, Andrew. An Ugly Little Secret: Anti-Catholicism in North America. Kansas City, Mo.: Sheed Andrews and McMeel, 1977.
197. Green,William. "Depo-Provera, Castration, and the Probation of Rape Offenders: Statutory and Constitutional Issues."Dayton Law Review 12 (1986-1987): 1-26.
198. Groves, Ernest R. "Eugenics." Social Forces 13 (May 1935): 607-608.
199. Gugliotta, Angela. " 'Dr. Sharp with His Little Knife:' Therapeutic and Punitive Origins of Eugenic Vasectomy -Indiana, 1892-1921." Journal of the History of Medicine 53 (1998): 371-406.
200. Guyer,Michael. Animal Biology. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1941.
201. Haller, Mark. Eugenics: Hereditarian Attitudes in American Thought. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1963.
202. Hammond,William A."A New Substitute for Capital Punishment and Means for Preventing the Propagation of Criminals."New York Medical Examiner 114 (1891-1892): 190-194.
203. Hand, John Robert."Buying Fertility: The Constitutionality ofWelfare Bonuses for Welfare Mothers Who Submit to Norplant Insertion."Vanderbilt Law Review 46 (1993): 715-754.
204. Harbaugh, Murville Jennings, and Arthur Leonard Goodrich. Fundamentals of Biology. New York: Blakiston, 1953.
205. Hardin, Garrett. Biology: Its Principles and Implications. San Francisco:W. H. Freeman, 1961.
206. Hart, Hastings H. The Extinction of the Defective Delinquent: A Working Program: A Paper Read before the American Prison Association at Baltimore November 12, 1912. New York: Department of Child Helping of the Russell Sage Foundation, 1913.
207. Sterilization as a Practical Measure: A Paper Read before the American Prison Association at Baltimore November 12th, 1912. New York: Department of Child Helping of the Russell Sage Foundation, 1913.
208. A Working Program for the Extinction of the Defective Delinquent." Survey 30 (1913): 277-279.
209. Hartmann, Betsy. Reproductive Rights and Wrongs: The Global Politics of Population Control and Contraceptive Choice. New York: Harper and Row, 1987.
210. Hasian, Marouf Arif. The Rhetoric of Eugenics in Anglo-American Thought. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996.
211. Hassencahl, Frances. "Harry H. Laughlin, 'Expert Eugenical Agent' for the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization." Ph.D. diss., Case Western Reserve, 1970.
212. Hassett, Joseph D. "Freedom and Order before God: A Catholic View." New York University Law Review 31 (1956): 1170-1184.
213. Hauber,Ulrich A. Problems ofMental Deficiency, No. 1: Inheritance ofMental Defect.Washington, D.C.: National Catholic Welfare Conference, 1930.
214. Hays,Willet M. "Proposed Change in the Constitution of the American Breeders Association." American Breeders Magazine 1 (1910): 75.
215. Hegar, Alfred. "Castration in Mental and Nervous Diseases: A Symposium." American Journal of Medical Sciences 92 (1886): 471-483.
216. Henderson, Philip J. "Section 645 of the California Penal Code: California's 'Chemical Castration' Law -A Panacea or Cruel and Unusual Punishment?" University of San Francisco Law Review 32 (1997-1998): 653-674.
217. Henley, Madeline. "The Creation and Perpetuation of the Mother/Body Myth: Judicial and Legislative Enlistment of Norplant." Buffalo Law Review 41 (1993): 703-735.
218. Heron,David."Inheritance in Canaries: A Study in Mendelism."Biometrika 7 (1910): 403-410.
219. bibl io graphy -. A Second Study of Extreme Alcoholism in Adults with Special Reference to the Home-Office Inebriate Reformatory Data. London: Eugenics Laboratory Publications, 1912.
220. Higham, John. Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1994.
221. Himes,Norman.Medical History of Contraception. Baltimore:Williams and Wilkins, 1936.
222. Review of Landman's Human Sterilization." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (1932): 244.
223. Hitchcock, Charles W."Asexualization of Criminals and Degenerates."Michigan Law Journal 6 (1897): 305-307.
224. Hodges, Jeffrey Alan. "Dealing with Degeneracy: Michigan Eugenics in Context." Ph.D. diss.,Michigan State University, 2001.
225. Holles, Everett R. "Plan for Castration of 2 Child Molesters Is Opposed by Coast Medical Societies."New York Times, May 6, 1975.
226. Holmes, S. J. "Review of Landman's Human Sterilization." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 23 (1932): 520-522.
227. Houser,William H. "To Secure Immunity from Crime." Ellingwood's Therapeutist 2, no. 1 (May 15, 1908): 19-21.
228. Hughes, Charles H. "An Emasculated Homo-Sexual: His Antecedent and Post-Operative Life." Alienist and Neurologist 35 (1914): 277-280.
229. Hughes, James E. Eugenic Sterilization in the United States: A Comparative Summary of Statutes and Review of Court Decisions. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Public Health Service, 1940.
230. Hunter, Joel D. "Sterilization of Criminals (Report of Committee H of the Institute)." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 5 (1914): 525.
231. Husslein, Joseph. "The Invasion of Race Suicide and Socialism into Our Fold." American Ecclesiastical Review 45 (1911): 276-290.
232. Huston,Wendell. Sterilization Laws: Compilation of the Sterilization Laws of Twenty-four States. Des Moines, Iowa:Wendell Huston, 1930.
233. "Indiana Sterilization Bill Vetoed."New York Times, March 9, 1937.
234. Inglis, David. "Asexualization of Criminals and Degenerates." Michigan Law Journal 6 (1897): 298-300.
235. Ingram, Carl. "State Issues Apology for Policy of Sterilization." Los Angeles Times, March 12, 2003.
236. "In the Courts: Georgia Woman Agrees to Sterilization to Avoid Murder Trial for Killing Infant," February 11, 2005. http://www. kaisernetwork.org/daily-reports/rep-index.cfm? hint-2&DR-ID-28111.
237. In the Supreme Court of the United States, October Term, 1926, No. 292, Carrie Buck v. J. H. Bell. Jackson, John P. Science for Segregation: Race, Law and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education. New York: New York University Press, 2005.
238. Jenkins, Philip. The New Anti-Catholicism: The Last Acceptable Prejudice. Oxford:Oxford University Press, 2003.
239. Jick, Leon. "The Holocaust: Its Use and Abuse within the American Public." Yad Vashem Studies 14 (1981): 303-318.
240. Johnson, David, "Out of the Ashes."Michigan History Magazine (January-February 2001): 22-27.
241. Johnson, Roswell H. "The Direct Action of the Environment." American Breeders Association Proceedings 5 (1909): 228.
242. Johnston, Robert D. "Contemporary Anti-Vaccination Movements in Historical Perspective." In The Politics of Healing: Essays in Twentieth-Century History of North American Alternative Medicine, 259-286. New York: Routledge, 2004.
243. "The Myth of the Harmonious City:Will Daly, Lora Little, and the Hidden Face of Progressive-Era Portland." Oregon Historical Quarterly 99 (1998): 275-276.
244. The Radical Middle Class: Populist Democracy and the Question of Capitalism in Progressive Era Portland, Oregon. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2003.
245. Jordan, David Starr. Footnotes to Evolution. New York: Appleton, 1898.
246. "Report on the Committee on Eugenics."American Breeders Association Proceedings 4 (1908): 201-208.
247. Kane, John J. Catholic-Protestant Conflicts in America. Chicago: Regnery, 1955.
248. Kantor,William M. "Beginnings of Sterilization in America: An Interview with Dr. Harry C. Sharp,Who Performed the First Operation Nearly Forty Years Ago." Journal of Heredity 28 (1937): 375.
249. Katz, Jonathan Ned, ed. Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A., rev. ed. New York: Penguin, 1992.
250. Keesling, Lisa. "Practicing Medicine without a License: Legislative Attempts to Mandate Chemical Castration for Repeat Offenders." John Marshall Law Review 32 (1998-1999): 381-390.
251. Kellar, Christian. "Asexualization -Attitude of Europeans." Journal of Psycho-Asthenics 9 (1905): 128-129.
252. Kellogg, Vernon Lyman. "Man and the Laws of Heredity." American Breeders Association Proceedings 5 (1909): 242.
253. Kennan, George. E. H. Harriman. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1922.
254. Kerlin, Isaac. "President's Address." Proceedings of the Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiotic and Feeble-Minded Persons (1892): 274.
255. Kevles, Daniel. In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity. 1985. Reprint, Cambridge,Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995.
256. Kimmelman, Barbara. "The American Breeders Association: Genetics and Eugenics in an Agricultural Context." Social Studies of Science 13 (1983): 163-204.
257. A Progressive Era Discipline: Genetics at American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, 1900-1920." Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1987.
258. Kindregan, L. "Sixty Years of Compulsory Eugenic Sterilization: 'Three Generations of Imbeciles' and the Constitution of the United States." Chicago-Kent Law Review 123 (1966): 123-143.
259. Kirkley, C. A. "Gynecological Observations in the Insane." Journal of the American Medical Association 19 (1892): 553-555.
260. Klarman,Michael J. "Brown,Originalism, and Constitutional Theory: A Response to Professor McConnell." Virginia Law Review 81 (1995): 1881-1936.
261. From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
262. How Brown Changed Race Relations: The Backlash Thesis." Journal of American History 81 (1994): 81-118.
263. Kline,Wendy. Building a Better Race: Gender, Sexuality, and Eugenics from the Turn of the Century to the Baby Boom. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.
264. Kopp,Marie E. "Surgical Treatment as Sex Crime Prevention Measure." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 29 (1938): 697.
265. Korman, Gerd. "The Holocaust in American Historical Writing." Societas 2 (1972): 259-265.
266. Korn, Robert W., and Ellen J.Korn.Contemporary Perspectives in Biology.New York:Wiley, 1971.
267. Kuhn, Thomas. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.
268. Labouré, Theodore. "De Aliquibus Vasectomiae Liceitatem Consequentibus." American Ecclesiastical Review 43 (1910): 553-558.
269. De Liceitate Vasectomiae Ad Prolis Defectivae Generationem Impediendam Patratae." American Ecclesiastical Review 43 (1910): 70-84.
270. "De Vasectomia." American Ecclesiastical Review 43 (1910): 320-329.
271. The Morality and Lawfulness of Vasectomy." American Ecclesiastical Review 44 (1911): 562-583.
272. "One Last Remark on Vasectomy." American Ecclesiastical Review 45 (1911): 355-359.
273. Quid Ex Disccusione De Vasectomia Instituta Resultet." American Ecclesiastical Review 45 (1911): 85-98.
274. Landman, Jacob Henry. "The History of Human Sterilization in the United States -Theory, Statute, Adjudication." Illinois Law Review 23 (1929): 463-480.
275. "The History of Human Sterilization in the United States -Theory, Statute, Adjudication." U.S. Law Review 63 (1929): 48-71.
276. Human Sterilization: The History of the Sexual Sterilization Movement. New York: Macmillan, 1932.
277. Review of C. P. Blacker's Voluntary Sterilization." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 26 (1935): 161-162.
278. "Review of J.B.S. Haldane's Heredity and Politics." Annals of the American Academy 199 (1938): 276.
279. "Review of Leon Whitney's The Case for Sterilization." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 26 (1935): 977-978.
280. Since 1914. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1934.
281. Largent, Mark A. " 'The Greatest Curse of the Race:' Eugenic Sterilization in Oregon, 1909-1983." Oregon Historical Quarterly 103 (2002): 188-209.
282. Larson, Edward. Sex, Race, and Science: Eugenics in the Deep South. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995.
283. Laughlin, Harry H. Eugenical Sterilization in the United States. Chicago: Psychopathic Laboratory of the Municipal Court of Chicago, 1922.
284. "The Eugenics Record Office at the End of Twenty-seven Months'Work." Report of the Eugenics Record Office 1 (1912).
285. The Fundamental Biological and Mathematical Principles Underlying Chromosomal Descent and Recombination in Human Heredity." In Research Studies of Crime as Related to Heredity, 74-82. Chicago:Municipal Court of Chicago, 1925.
286. The Legal Status of Eugenical Sterilization: History and Analysis of Litigation under the Virginia Sterilization Statute, Which Led to a Decision of the Supreme Court of the United States Upholding The Statute. Chicago: Fred J. Ringley, 1930.
287. Lawrence, Jane. "The Indian Health Service and the Sterilization of Native American Women." American Indian Quarterly 24 (2000): 400-419.
288. Legal and Socio-Economic Division of the American Medical Association. A Reappraisal of Eugenic Sterilization Laws. May 1960.
289. "Legislation against the Propagation of Disease."West Virginia Bar 3 (1896): 160-161.
290. Lehane, Joseph B. The Morality of American Civil Legislation Concerning Eugenical Sterilization. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1944.
291. Leon, Sharon M. " 'Hopelessly Entangled in Nordic Pre-Supposition:' Catholic Participation in the American Eugenics Society in the 1920s." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 50 (2004): 3-49.
292. 'A Human Being, and Not a Mere Social Factor': Catholic Strategies for Dealing with Sterilization Statutes in the 1920s." Church History 73 (2004): 383-411.
293. Lewin, Tamar. "Texas Court Agrees to Castration for Rapist of 13-Year-Old Girl." New York Times, March 7, 1992.
294. Lightner, Clarence. "Asexualization of Criminals and Degenerates."Michigan Law Journal 6 (1897): 312-315.
295. Lindman, Frank T., and Donald M. McIntyre. The Mentally Disabled and the Law. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.
296. "Linus Pauling Biography." http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/lpbio/ lpbi02.html.
297. Lockhardt, J. W. "Should Criminals Be Castrated?" St Louis Courier of Medicine (1895): 136-137.
298. Lombardo, Paul A. "Eugenic Sterilization in Virginia: Aubrey Strode and the Case of Buck v. Bell." Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, 1982.
299. "Facing Carrie Buck."Hasting Center Report (March-April 2003): 14-17.
300. "Involuntary Sterilization in Virginia: From Buck v. Bell to Poe v. Lynchburg." Developments in Mental Health Law 3 (1983): 17-21.
301. "Three Generations, No Imbeciles: New Light on Buck v. Bell." NYU Law Review 60 (1985): 30-62.
302. Lombardo, Raymond A. "California's Unconstitutional Punishment for Heinous Crimes: Chemical Castration of Sexual Offenders."Fordham Law Review 65 (1996-1997): 2611-2646.
303. Ludmerer, Kenneth. Genetics and American Society: A Historical Appraisal. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972.
304. Lydston, G. Frank. Addresses and Essays. Louisville: Renz and Henry, 1892.
305. The Diseases of Society: The Vice and Crime Problem. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1904.
306. "Sexual Perversion, Satyriasis and Nymphomania."Medical and Surgical Reporter 61 (1889): 253.
307. Lydston, G. Frank, and Hunter McGuire. Sexual Crimes among the Southern Negroes. Louisville: Renz and Henry, 1893.
308. Lynn, Richard. Eugenics: A Reassessment.Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2001.
309. Lyon, F. Emory."Race Betterment and Crime Doctors." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 5 (1915): 887-891.
310. MacDowell, E. Carleton. "Charles Benedict Davenport: A Study of Conflicting Influences." Bios 17 (1946): 3-50.
311. Mack, Pamela. "The Early Years of Cold Spring Harbor Station for Experimental Evolution." Unpublished manuscript, 1979. American Philosophical Society. Manganaro, Christine. "Eugenicist as Patient Advocate: Therapeutic Sterilization in Washington State."Honors thesis, University of Puget Sound, 2003.
312. "Man Who Chose Castration Gets Life Term in Sex Assault."New York Times,August 9, 1992.
313. Mason, Russell Z.Mason. "The Duty of the State in Its Treatment of the Deaf and Dumb, the Blind, the Idiotic, the Crippled and Deformed, and the Insane." Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 4 (1876-1877): 27-29.
314. McCaffrey, Lawrence J. The Irish Diaspora in America. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1976.
315. McClelland, H. H. "The Sterilization Fallacy." National Catholic Welfare Conference Bulletin (September 1927): 19-20.
316. McCormick, C. O. "Is the Indiana 1935 Sterilization of the Insane Act Functioning?" Journal of the Indiana State Medical Association 42 (1949): 919-920.
317. McShane, Joseph M. "Sufficiently Radical": Catholicism, Progressivism, and the Bishops' Program of 1919.Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1986.
318. Mears, J. Ewing. "Asexualization as a Remedial Measure in the Relief of Certain Forms of Mental, Moral and Physical Degeneration." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 161 (1909): 584-586.
319. Metcalf,Maynard M."Eugenics and Euthenics." Popular Science Monthly 84 (1914): 383-389.
320. Michigan Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Michigan, 1897.
321. Detroit:Morse and Bagg, 1897.
322. Millikin, Mark. "The Proposed Castration of Criminals and Sexual Perverts." Cincinnati Lancet-Clinic 33 (1894): 185-190.
323. Moment, Gairdner, and Helen Habermann.Biology: A Full Spectrum.London: Longman,1973.
324. "Montana Eugenic Sterilization Law Applies to Retardates." Pediatric News (June 1974): 6-7.
325. "Montana Law to Allow Injections for Rapists."New York Times, April 27, 1997.
326. Montavon, William F. Problems of Mental Deficiency, No. 4: Eugenic Sterilization in the Laws of the States.Washington, D.C.: National Catholic Welfare Conference, 1930.
327. Moore, John N., and Harold Schultz Slusher. Biology: A Search for Order in Complexity. Grand Rapids,Mich.: Zondervan, 1970.
328. "The Morality and Lawfulness of Vasectomy: Is the Operation a Grave Mutilation -and What if It Is Not?" American Ecclesiastical Review 45 (1911): 71-77.
329. Morley, Charles S. "Asexualization of Criminals and Degenerates."Michigan Law Journal 6 (1897): 307-310.
330. "The Movement to Study Eugenics." American Breeders Magazine 1 (1910): 143.
331. Mowry, George E."Review: Eugenics and the Progressives. "American Historical Review 74 (1969): 1740-1741.
332. Mulheron, J. J. "Asexualization of Criminals and Degenerates." Michigan Law Journal 6 (1897): 301.
333. "Mutilation."Winfield Daily Courier, August 24, 1894.
334. M'Vey, R. E. "Crime -Its Physiology and Pathogenesis. How Can Medical Men Aid in Its Prevention?" Kansas Medical Journal 2 (1890): 499-504.
335. Myerson, Abraham."Certain Medical and Legal Phases of Eugenic Sterilization." Yale Law Journal 52 (1943): 618.
336. "A Critique of Proposed 'Ideal' Sterilization Legislation." Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 33 (1935): 453-466.
337. Inheritance of Mental Diseases." Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 12 (1924): 332-336.
338. The Inheritance of Mental Diseases. Baltimore:Williams and Williams, 1925.
339. Myerson, Abraham, James B. Ayer, Tracy Putnam, Clyde Keeler, and Leo Alexander. Eugenical Sterilization: A Reorientation of the Problem. New York:Macmillan, 1936.
340. Neach,Mark J. "California Is on the 'Cutting Edge': Hormonal Therapy (a.k.a. 'Chemical Castration') Is Mandated for Two-Time Child Molesters." Thomas M. Cooley Law Review 14 (1997): 351-373.
341. Nedrud, Duane R. "Sterilization -Scope of the State's Power to Use Sterilization on Mental Defectives and Criminals -Operation of North Dakota Statute." North Dakota Bar Briefs 26 (1950): 190.
342. Nelson, Gideon, and Gerald Robinson. Fundamental Concepts of Biology.New York:Wiley, 1974.
343. "The New Eugenics Section." American Breeders Magazine 1 (1910): 153.
344. "The New Magazine." American Breeders Magazine 1 (1910): 61.
345. Nolan, Laurence C."The Unconstitutional Conditions Doctrine and Mandating Norplant for Women on Welfare Discourse." American University Journal of Gender and Law 15 (1994-1995): 15-37.
346. Noonan, John T. Contraception: A History of Its Treatment by Catholic Theologians and Canonists. Cambridge,Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1966.
347. "Notes." Albany Law Journal 55 (1897): 375-376.
348. "Notes and Legislation." Iowa Law Review 35 (1949-1950): 251-304.
349. Nordau,Max Simon. Degeneration. New York: D. Appleton, 1895.
350. Novick, Peter. The Holocaust in American Life. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.
351. Novick, Sheldon. Honorable Justice: The Life of Oliver Wendell Holmes. Boston: Little, Brown, 1989.
352. Ochsner,A. J."Surgical Treatment of Habitual Criminals." Journal of the American Medical Association 32 (April 1899): 867-868.
353. O'Hara, James B., and T.Howland Sanks,"Eugenic Sterilization." Georgetown Law Journal 45 (1956): 20-44.
354. Olson, Harry. "President's Address to the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Eugenics Research Association, Cold Springs Harbor, L.I., June 16, 1923." In Research Studies of Crime as Related to Heredity, 9-61. Chicago:Municipal Court of Chicago, 1925.
355. O'Malley, Austin. "De Vasectomia Duplici." American Ecclesiastical Review 46 (1912): 207-225.
356. A Query about the Operation of Vasectomy." American Ecclesiastical Review 45 (1911): 717-721.
357. "Vasectomy in Defectives." American Ecclesiastical Review 44 (1911): 684-705.
358. Ordover, Nancy. American Eugenics: Race, Queer Anatomy, and the Science of Nationalism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003.
359. Oswald, Frances."Eugenical Sterilization in the United States."American Journal of Sociology 36 (1930): 65-73.
360. "Our Supplement." American Lawyer 5 (1897): 299.
361. Owen, Orville W. "Asexualization of Criminals and Degenerates."Michigan Law Journal 6 (1897): 311-312.
362. Owens-Adair, Bethenia. "Letter to the Editor." Oregonian, March 11, 1904.
363. Paul, Diane B. Controlling Human Heredity: 1865 to the Present. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1995.
364. The Politics of Heredity: Essays on Eugenics, Biomedicine, and the Nature-Nurture Debate. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998.
365. Paul, Diane B., and Hamish Spencer. "Did Eugenics Rest on an Elementary Mistake?" In The Politics of Heredity: Essays on Eugenics, Biomedicine, and the Nature-Nurture Debate, 117-132. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998.
366. Paul, Julius. "Population 'Quality' and 'Fitness for Parenthood' in the Light of State Eugenic Sterilization Experience." Population Studies 21 (1967): 297.
367. Pauling, Linus. "Reflections on the New Biology." UCLA Law Review 15 (1968): 267-272.
368. Pauly, Philip J. Biologists and the Promise of American Life. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000.
369. "The Pedagogics of Eugenics." American Breeders Magazine 3 (1912): 224.
370. Pernick,Martin. The Black Stork: Eugenics and the Death of "Defective" Babies in American Medicine Motion Pictures since 1915. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
371. Philokanon. "The Question of Vasotomy."American Ecclesiastical Review 45 (1911): 599-601.
372. Pickens, Donald. Eugenics and the Progressives. Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968.
373. Plunkett, Charles Robert. Elements of Modern Biology. New York: Henry Holt, 1937.
374. Pope Pius XI. Casti Connubii, Encyclical Letter on Christian Marriage in View of the Present Conditions, Needs, Errors and Vices that Effect the Family and Society, 1930. In Five Great Encyclicals. New York: Paulist Press, 1939.
375. Porter, Theodore M. Karl Pearson: The Scientific Life in a Statistical Age. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2004.
376. Pratt, Edwin Hartley. "A Monthly Series of Articles upon the Orificial Philosophy Written for the Journal of Orificial Surgery." Journal of Orificial Surgery 1 (1892): 22-27.
377. Orificial Surgery and Its Application to the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Chicago: Halsey Brothers, 1887.
378. "Preachers and Eugenics." American Breeders Magazine 4 (1913): 63.
379. "Proceedings of the First Meeting of the American Breeders Association Held at St. Louis, Missouri, December 29 and 30, 1903."American Breeders Association Proceedings 1 (1905): 9-15.
380. "Project Prevention: Children Requiring a Caring Community." http://www.projectprevention. org.
381. Race Suicide for Social Parasites."Journal of the American Medical Association 50 (1908): 55-56.
382. Railey, John, and Kevin Begos. "Board Did Its Duty, Quietly:Members from Five Governmental Areas Heard Cases Summaries and Usually Stamped Approval." http://againsttheirwill. journalnow.com.
383. "Rapist Is Having Second Thoughts on Choosing Castration."New York Times, December 11, 1983.
384. Rebish, Karen J. "Nipping the Problem in the Bud: The Constitutionality of California's Castration Law."New York Law School Journal of Human Rights 14 (1997-1998): 507-532.
385. Reilly, Philip. The Surgical Solution: A History of Involuntary Sterilization in the United States. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.
386. "Removal of the Ovaries as a Therapeutic Measure in Public Institutions for the Insane." Journal of the American Medical Association 20 (1893): 135-137.
387. Rentoul, Robert Reid. Proposed Sterilization of Certain Mental and Physical Degenerates: An Appeal to Asylum Managers and Others. London:Walter Scott, 1903.
388. "Proposed Sterilization of Certain Mental Degenerates."American Journal of Sociology 12 (1906): 319-327.
389. Race Culture: Or, Race Suicide (A Plea for the Unborn). London:Walter Scott, 1906.
390. Research Studies of Crime as Related to Heredity. Chicago:Municipal Court of Chicago, 1925.
391. Reuter, Edward Byron. Handbook of Sociology. New York: Dryden Press, 1941.
392. Review of Landman's Human Sterilization." American Journal of Sociology 38 (1932): 286-288.
393. Reuter,Edward Bryon, and C.W.Hart. Introduction to Sociology.New York:McGraw-Hill, 1933.
394. "Review of Human Sterilization by J. H. Landman." Idaho Law Journal 3 (1933): 103-105.
395. R.H.G. "State Laws Regulating Marriage of the Unfit." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 4 (1913): 423-425.
396. Riddle, Oscar. "Charles Benedict Davenport." Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 25 (1949): 75-110.
397. Risley, S. D. "Is Asexualization Ever Justifiable in the Case of Imbecile Children?" Journal of Psycho-Asthenics 9 (1905): 93-98.
398. Roberts, Dorothy. Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty. New York: Pantheon Books, 1997.
399. Punishing Drug Addicts Who Have Babies: Women of Color, Equality, and the Right of Privacy." Harvard Law Review 104 (1991): 1241-1482.
400. Robitscher, Jonas. Eugenic Sterilization. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas, 1973.
401. Roby, Henry. "Family Doctor."
402. Kansas Farmer. Reprinted in "Emasculation of Masturbators -Is It Justifiable?" Texas Medical Journal 109 (1894): 239-241.
403. Roche, George. "Review of Landman's Human Sterilization." California Law Review 22 (1933-1934): 129-131.
404. Rosen, Christine. Preaching Eugenics: Religious Leaders and the American Eugenics Movement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
405. Rosenberg, Charles. No Other Gods: On Science and American Social Thought. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975.
406. "Rules Sterilization Law Is Invalid."New York Times, November 19, 1913.
407. Runckel, Jason O. "Abuse It and Lose It: A Look at California's Mandatory Chemical Castration Law." Pacific Law Journal 28 (1996-1997): 547-593.
408. Russell, Jeffrey Burton. Inventing the Flat Earth: Columbus and Modern Historians. New York: Praeger, 1991.
409. Rutherford, Charlotte. "Reproductive Freedoms and African American Women." Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 4 (1991-1992): 255-290.
410. Rutkow, Ira M. "Edwin Hartley Pratt and Orificial Surgery: Unorthodox Surgical Practice in Nineteenth Century United States." Surgery 114 (1993): 558-563.
411. "Orificial Surgery." Archives of Surgery 136 (2001): 1088.
412. Ryan, John A. A Living Wage: Its Ethical and Economic Aspects.New York:Macmillan, 1906.
413. Problems of Mental Deficiency No. 3: Moral Aspects of Sterilization. Washington, D.C.: National Catholic Welfare Conference, 1930.
414. Saleeby, Caleb. Parenthood and Race Culture: An Outline of Eugenics. New York: Moffat, Yard, 1909.
415. Schmidt,William E. "Rape Sentence: Castration or 30 Years." New York Times, November 26, 1983.
416. Schmiedeler, Edgar. Sterilization in the United States: Introduction, Legal Status, the Question of Heredity, the Moral Question, the Solution.Washington,D.C.: Family Life Bureau, National Catholic Welfare Conference, 1943.
417. Schmitt, Albert. "The Gravity of the Mutilation Involved in Vasectomy." American Ecclesiastical Review 45 (1911): 360-352.
418. "Vasectomia Illicita." American Ecclesiastical Review 44 (1911): 679-684.
419. Schwartz, Michael. The Persistent Prejudice: Anti-Catholicism in America. Huntington, Ind.: Our Sunday Visitor, 1984.
420. Schoen, Johanna."Between Choice and Coercion:Women and the Politics of Sterilization in North Carolina." Journal ofWomen's History 13 (2001): 132-156.
421. Choice and Coercion: Birth Control, Sterilization, and Abortion in Public Health and Welfare. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
422. Seaton, Frederick D. "The Long Road toward 'The Right Thing to Do.' " Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains 27 (2004-2005): 250-265.
423. "Secretary's Report." American Breeders Association Proceedings 8 (1912): 324-335.
424. "The Section Organization." American Breeders Magazine 1 (1910): 143.
425. Selden, Steven. "Education Policy and Biological Science: Genetics, Eugenics and the College Textbook, c. 1908-1931." Teachers College Record 87 (1985): 35-51.
426. bibl io graphy -. Inheriting Shame: The Story of Eugenics and Racism in America. New York: Teachers College Press, 1999.
427. Sellin, Thorsten. "Hastings Hornell Hart." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 23 (1932): 166.
428. Sengoopta, C. " 'Dr. Steinach Coming to Make Old Young!': Sex Glands, Vasectomy, and the Quest for Rejuvenation in the Roaring Twenties." Endeavor 27 (2003): 122-126.
429. Seven Great Encyclicals. Glen Rock, N.J.: Paulist Press, 1963.
430. Shandler, Jeffrey. While America Watches: Televising the Holocaust.New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
431. Sharp, Harry C. "The Indiana Idea of Human Sterilization." Southern California Practitioner 24 (1909): 549-551.
432. The Severing of the Vasa Deferentia and Its Relation to the Neuropsychopathic Constitution."New York Medical Journal (1902): 413.
433. Vasectomy as a Means of Preventing Procreation in Defectives." Journal of the American Medical Association 53 (1909): 1897-1902.
434. Shartle, Burke. "Sterilization of Mental Defectives." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 16 (1926): 537-554.
435. Shelley, Thomas. "The Oregon School Case and the National Catholic Welfare Conference." Catholic Historical Review 75 (1989): 439-457.
436. Sim, F. L. "Asexualization for the Prevention of Crime and the Arrest of the Propagation of Criminals."Medical Society of Tennessee (1894): 100-114.
437. "Forensic Psychiatry: Alice Mitchell Adjudged Insane."Memphis Medical Monthly 12 (1892): 377-428.
438. Smith, Jessie Spaulding. "Marriage, Sterilization and Commitment Laws Aimed at Decreasing Mental Deficiency." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 5 (1914): 364-370.
439. Smith, Kathryn L. "Making Pedophiles Take Their Medicine: California's Chemical Castration Law." Buffalo Public Interest Law Journal 17 (1998-1999): 123-175.
440. Spaulding, Edith R., and William Healy. "Inheritance as a Factor in Criminality: A Study of a Thousand Cases of Young Repeated Offenders." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 4 (1914): 837-858.
441. Spaulding, Larry Helm. "Florida's Chemical Castration Law: A Return to the Dark Ages." Florida State University Law Review 25 (1997-1998): 117-139.
442. Spence, James. "The Law of the Crime against Nature." North Carolina Law Review 32 (1953-1954): 312-324.
443. Spencer, Edward W. "Some Phases of Marriage Law and Legislation from a Sanitary and Eugenic Standpoint." Yale Law Journal 25 (1915): 58-73.
444. Spencer,Hamish G., and Diane B. Paul."The Failure of a Scientific Critique: David Heron, Karl Pearson, and Mendelian Eugenics." British Journal of the History of Science 31 (1998): 441-452.
445. Stadler, Avital. "California Injects New Life into an Old Idea: Taking a Shot at Recidivism, Chemical Castration, and the Constitution." Emory Law Journal 46 (1997): 1285-1326.
446. Steen, Edwin B. Dictionary of Biology. New York: Barnes and Noble Books, 1971.
447. Steiner, R. L. "Eugenics in Oregon."Northwest Medicine 26 (December 1927): 594-597.
448. Stelzer, G. L. "Chemical Castration and the Right to Generate Ideas: Does the First Amendment Project the Fantasies of Convicted Pedophiles?"Minnesota Law Review 81 (1996-1997): 1675-1709.
449. "Sterilization of Criminals." Fortune (June 1937): 106.
450. Stern, Alexandra Minna. Eugenic Nation: Faults and Frontiers of Better Breeding in Modern America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.
451. Stern, Curt. Principles of Human Genetics. San Francisco:W. H. Freeman, 1949.
452. Stevens, H. C. "Eugenics and Feeblemindedness." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 6 (1915): 190-197.
453. Steyaert, Thomas. Life and Patterns of Order. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1971.
454. Stryker, Jeff."Under the Influence of Gifts,Coupons and Cash."New York Times, July 23, 2000.
455. Stuver, E. "Asexualization for the Limitation of Disease and the Prevention and Punishment of Crime." Transactions of the Colorado State Medical Society (1895): 327-336.
456. Suro, Roberto. "Amid Controversy, Castration Plan in Texas Rape Case Collapses." New York Times, March 17, 1992.
457. "Test Defectives' Law."New York Times, June 21, 1915.
458. "These Are Times of Scientific Ideals." American Breeders Magazine 4 (1913): 61.
459. Thompson, Phillip. "Silent Protest: A Catholic Justice Dissents in Buck v. Bell." Catholic Lawyer 43 (2004): 125-148.
460. Tucker, William H. The Founding of Scientific Racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2002.
461. "2 Sex Offenders Sent to Prison After Plea for Castration Fails."New York Times, October 2, 1975.
462. United States Supreme Court, Proceedings of the Bar and Officers of the Supreme Court of the United States in Memory of Pierce Butler, January 27, 1940.Washington, D.C., 1940.
463. "Unjustified Sterilization." America (May 14, 1927): 102.
464. Van Roden, Edward Leroy."Sterilization of Abnormal Persons as Punishment for and Prevention of Crimes." Temple Law Quarterly 23 (1949): 99-106.
465. "Vasectomy for Confirmed Criminals and Defectives." Journal of the American Medical Association 53 (1909): 1114.
466. Vecoli, Rudolph J. "Sterilization: A Progressive Measure?"Wisconsin Magazine of History 43 (1960): 190-202.
467. Vega, Cecilia M. "Sterilization Offer to Addicts Reopens Ethics Issue." New York Times, January 6, 2003.
468. Verhovek, Sam Howe."Texas Agrees to Surgery for a Molester."New York Times,April 5, 1996.
469. "Texas Frees Child Molester Who Warns of New Crimes." New York Times, April 9, 1996.
470. Villafrana,Armando, and Jennifer Lenhart."Molester Noticed by Few before Now." Houston Chronicle, April 8, 1996.
471. Vonderahe, A. R. "The Sterilization of the Feebleminded. "National Catholic Welfare Conference Bulletin (August 1927): 29-30
472. Walker, Kristyn M. "Judicial Control of Reproductive Freedom: The Use of Norplant as a Condition of Probation." Iowa Law Review 78 (1992-1993): 779-812.
473. Ward, Lester F. "Eugenics, Euthenics, and Eudemics." American Journal of Sociology 18 (1913): 737-754.
474. Ward, Patrick J. "The Grave Issue of Sterilization." Catholic Action 14 (1934): 7-8, 31.
475. Warden, C. J."Review of Landman's Human Sterilization."American Journal of Psychology 46 (1934): 684.
476. Warren, Beth. "Mother Chooses Sterilization over Murder Trial." Atlanta Journal-Constitution, February 2, 2005.
477. Watson, James D. "The Human Genome Project: Past, Present, and Future." Science 248 (1990): 44-46.
478. Weathered, Frank. "Constitutional Law -Due Process -North Carolina Compulsory Sterilization Statute Held Constitutional against Challenge That It Constituted an Unlawful Invasion of Privacy." Texas Tech Law Review 8 (1976-1977): 436-445.
479. Weikart, Richard. From Darwin to Hitler: Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics, and Racism in Germany. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
480. Weisbord, Robert G. Genocide: Birth Control and the Black American. Westport, Conn., and New York: Greenwood Press and Two Continents Publishing Group, 1975.
481. Wells, T. Spencer. "Castration in Mental and Nervous Diseases: A Symposium." American Journal of Medical Sciences 92 (1886): 455-471.
482. "Whipping and Castration as Punishments for Crime."Yale Law Journal 8 (1899): 371-386.
483. White,William A. "Sterilization of Criminals." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 8 (1917): 499-501.
484. Whitney, Leon. The Case for Sterilization. New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1934.
485. Willrich, Michael. "The Two Percent Solution: Eugenic Jurisprudence and the Socialization of American Law." Law and History Review 16 (1998): 63-111.
486. "The Winfield Case." Kansas Medical Journal (September 8, 1894).
487. Wong, Caroline. "Chemical Castration: Oregon's Innovative Approach to Sex Offender Rehabilitation, or Unconstitutional Punishment?" Oregon Law Review 80 (2001): 1-27.
488. Woodruff, Charles E. "Climate and Eugenics."American Breeders Magazine 1 (1910): 183-185.
489. "Prevention of Degeneration the Only Practical Eugenics." American Breeders Association Proceedings 3 (1907): 247-252.
490. Woods, Frederick Adams. "Some Desiderata in the Science of Eugenics." American Breeders Association Proceedings 5 (1909): 248.
491. Woodside, Moya. Sterilization in North Carolina: A Sociological and Psychological Study. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1950.
492. "Would Limit Voting to Selected Class."New York Times, June 7, 1931.
493. "Would Sterilize the 'Socially Inadequate.'"New York Times, January 4, 1923.
494. Yahya, Harun. The Disasters Darwinism Brought to Humanity. Scarborough, Ontario: Al-Attique, n.d.
495. Zenderland, Leila.Measuring Minds: Henry Herbert Goddard and the Origins of American Intelligence Testing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.