The ethics of care as normative guidance: Comment on Gilligan

Journal of Social Philosophy

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 107-115

  Held, Virginia ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84899033566     PISSN: 00472786     EISSN: 14679833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/josp.12051     Document Type: Note

References (19)

1. Onora O'Neill, "Justice, Gender, and International Boundaries," in International Justice and the Third World, ed. Robin Attfield and Barry Wilkins (London: Routledge, 1992), 55.
2. Claudia Card, "Gender and Moral Luck," in Justice and Care: Essential Readings in Feminist Ethics, ed. Virginia Held (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995), 94.
3. See David A. J. Richards, Resisting Injustice and the Feminist Ethics of Care (NewYork: Routledge, 2013); Virginia Held, Feminist Morality: Transforming Culture, Society, and Politics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993).
4. Carol Gilligan, Joining the Resistance (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013), 175.
5. Carol Gilligan, "Moral Injury and the Ethic of Care: Reframing the Conversation about Differences," Journal of Social Philosophy 45, no. 1 (this issue): 89-106.
6. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, chap. XI.
7. See, e.g., Virginia Held, Feminist Morality, chap. 10, "Noncontractual Society."
8. Margaret Urban Walker, "Moral Understandings: Alternative 'Epistemology' for a Feminist Ethics," Hypatia 4 (Summer 1989): 15-28, 19-20.
9. Gilligan, "Moral Injury," 89-106.
10. On care as comprehensive morality, and on how, within a network of caring relations, justice may be accorded priority for a limited range of concerns, see Virginia Held, The Ethics of Care: Personal, Political, and Global (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), esp. chaps. 4 and 9.
11. See, e.g., Virginia Held, The Ethics of Care; Joan C. Tronto, Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care (New York: Routledge, 1993); Peta Bowden, Caring: Gender- Sensitive Ethics (London: Routledge, 1997); Selma Sevenhuijsen, Citizenship and the Ethics of Care (London: Routledge, 1998); Fiona Robinson, Globalizing Care: Ethics, Feminist Theory, and International Affairs (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999); and Daniel Engster, The Heart of Justice: Care Ethics and Political Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007). 13Diane Richardson, Women, Motherhood and Childrearing (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993).
12. Evelyn Nakano Glenn, Grace Chang, and Linda Rennie Forcey, eds., Mothering: Ideology, Experience, and Agency (New York: Routledge, 1994).
13. See Barbara Ehrenreich and Arlie Hochschild, eds. Global Woman: Nannies, Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2003); and Rianne Mahon and Fiona Robinson, eds., Feminist Ethics and Social Policy: Towards a New Global Political Economy of Care (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2011).
14. Serene J. Khader, "Beyond Inadvertent Ventriloquism: Caring Virtues for Anti-Paternalist Development Practice," Hypatia 26 (Fall, 2011): 742-61, 755.
15. Examples of this assumption can be found in the vast philosophical literature on egoism and altruism, e.g., Thomas Nagel, The Possibility of Altruism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978); and David Gauthier, Morals by Agreement (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986).
16. See Virginia Held, "Morality, Care, and International Law," Ethics and Global Politics 4, no. 3 (2011): 173-94. Open Access journal.
17. Thomas Pogge, "AreWe Violating the Human Rights of theWorld's Poor?" Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal 14, no.2 (2011): 1-33, 23.
18. John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971), 3.
19. Sarah Clark Miller, The Ethics of Need: Agency, Dignity, and Obligation (New York: Routledge, 2012).