Examples of ongoing international surveys: Canada

Issues in Toxicology

Volumn 1, Issue , 2012, Pages 79-106

  Haines, Douglas A ^a   Legrand, Melissa ^a   Arbuckle, Tye E ^a   Oostdam, Jay Van ^a   Dabeka, Robert W ^b   Tikhonov, Constantine ^c   Fraser, William ^d  

^a Environmental Health Center   (Canada)

^b Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals   (Canada)

^c HEALTH CANADA   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84898730314     PISSN: 17577179     EISSN: 17577187     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Statistics Canada, Ethnic Diversity Survey: portrait of a multicultural society, Catalogue no. 89-593-XIE, 2003.
2. Health and Welfare Canada, The Health of Canadians: report of the Canada Health Survey, Minister of Supply and Services Canada, Catalogue no. 82-538E, 1981.
3. B. Wheatley and S. Paradis, Exposure of Canadian Aboriginal peoples to methylmercury, Water Air Soil Pol., 1995, 80, 3-11.
4. S. T. Wang, S. Pizzolato, H. P. Demshar and L. F. Smith, Decline in blood lead in Ontario children correlated to decreasing consumption of leaded gasoline 1983-1992, Clin. Chem., 1997, 43(7), 1251-1252.
5. A. G. Craan and D. A. Haines, Twenty-five years of surveillance for contaminants in human breast milk, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 1998, 35(4), 702-710.
6. J. P. Kearney, D. C. Cole, L. A. Ferron and J. P. Weber, Blood PCB, p, p'-DDE, and mirex levels in Great Lakes fish and waterfowl consumers in two Ontario communities, Environ. Res., 1999, 80(2 Pt 2), S138-S149.
7. D. C. Cole, J. Sheeshka, E. J. Murkin, J. Kearney, F. Scott, L. A. Ferron and J. P. Weber, Dietary intakes and plasma organochlorine contaminant levels among Great Lakes fish eaters, Arch. Environ. Health, 2002, 57(5), 496-509.
8. St. Lawrence Vision 2000, Health and the St. Lawrence: Status Report II, Catalogue no. H21-223/2004E), 2003.
9. Institut national de santépublique du Québec et Héma-Québec, Étude de la prévalence de la plombémie chez les donneurs de sang au Québec 2006-2007, Québec, 2009.
10. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), The 1998 Aarhus Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), http://www.unece.org/env/ lrtap/pops-h1.htm, 1998.
11. United Nations Environment Programme, Guidance for a Global Monitoring Programme for Persistent Organic Pollutants, http://www.chem. unep. ch/gmn/default.htm, Geneva, Switzerland, 2004.
12. Government of Canada, Chemicals Management Plan, 2006, http://www.chemicalsubstanceschimiques.gc.ca/plan/index-eng.php Accessed August 2010.
13. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), AMAP Assessment 2009: Human Health in the Arctic, Oslo, Norway, 2009.
14. Statistics Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) Data User Guide: Cycle 1. 2010. Available at: http://www.statcan. gc.ca/imdb-bmdi/ document/5071-D2-T1-V1-eng.pdf. Accessed March 10, 2010.
15. S. Giroux, Canadian Health Measures Survey: Sampling strategy overview. Health Rep., 2007, 18(suppl), 31-36.
16. SAS [Version 9.1] SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, 2003.
17. SUDAAN [Version 10.0] RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 2008.
18. D. L. Phillips, J. L. Pirke, V. W. Burse, J. T. Bernert Jr., L. O. Henderson and L. L. Needham, Chlorinated hydrocarbon levels in human serum: effects of fasting and feeding. Arch. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 1989, 18, 495-500.
19. J. T. Bernert, W. E. Turner, D. G. Patterson Jr. and L. L. Needham, Calculation of serum "total lipid" concentrations for the adjustment of persistent organohalogen toxicant measurements in human samples, Chemosphere, 2007, 68, 824-831.
20. R. Bergonzi, G. de Palma, C. Tomasi, M. C. Ricossa and P. Apostoli, Evaluation of different methods to determine total serum lipids for normalization of circulating organochlorine compounds, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 2009, 82(10), 1241-1247.
21. B. Day, R. Langlois, M. Tremblay and B. M. Knoppers, Canadian Health Measures Survey: Ethical, legal and social issues, Health Rep., 2007, 18(Suppl), 37-52.
22. M. S. Tremblay, R. Langlois, S. N. Bryan, D. Esliger and J. Patterson, Canadian Health Measures Survey Pre-Test: Design, methods, results, Health Rep., 2007, 18(Suppl), 21-30.
23. Health Canada, Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada: Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1(2007-2009), 2010.
24. T. Bushnik, D. Haines, P. Levallois, L. Levesque, J. Van Oostdam and C. Viau, Lead and bisphenol A concentrations in the Canadian population, Health Rep., 2010, 21 (3).
25. Health Canada, It's Your Health - Effects of Lead on Human Health. Updated November 2008. Available at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/iyhvsv/environ/ lead-plomb-eng.php, Acccessed August 2010.
26. Health Canada, Health Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A from Food Packaging Applications, 2008. Available at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/alt-formats/hpfb- dgpsa/pdf/securit/bpa-hra-ers-eng.pdf. Accessed August 2010.
27. Environment Canada and Health Canada, Screening Assessment for Phenol, 4, 4'-(1-methylethylidene) bis-(Bisphenol A), CAS Number 80-05-7, 2008, Available at: www.ec.gc.ca/substances/ese/eng/challenge/batch2/batch2-80-05-7-en.pdf, Accessed August 2010.
28. W. Dekant and W. Võlkel, Human exposure to bisphenol A by biomonitoring: methods, results and assessment of environmental exposures, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2008, 228, 114-134.
29. L. N. Vandenberg, I. Chahoud, J. J. Heindel, V. Padmanabhan, F. J. R. Paumgartten and G. Schoenfelder, Urinary, circulating and tissue biomonitoring studies indicate widespread exposure to bisphenol A. Environ. Health Perspect. 2010, 118(8), 1055-1070.
30. T. E. Arbuckle, Maternal-infant biomonitoring of environmental chemicals: The epidemiologic challenges, Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol., 2010, 88(10), 931-937.
31. J. Mes, D. J. Davies, J. Doucet, D. Weber and E. McMullen, Specific polychlorinated biphenyl congener distribution milk of Canadian women, Environ. Technol., 1993, 14, 555-565.
32. W. H. Newsome, D. Davies and J. Doucet, PCB and organochlorine pesticides in Canadian human milk-1992, Chemosphere, 1995, 30(11), 2143-2153.
33. J. J. Ryan, R. Lizotte, L. G. Panopio, C. Shewchuk, D. A. Lewis and W. F. Sun, Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in human milk samples collected across Canada in 1986-87. Food Addit. Contam., 1993, 10(4), 419-428.
34. R. W. Dabeka, K. F. Karpinski, A. D. McKenzie and C. D. Bajdik, Survey of lead, cadmium, and fluoride in human milk and correlation of levels with environmental and food factors. Food Chem. Toxicol., 1986, 24, 913-921.
35. R. W. Dabeka and A. D. McKenzie, Lead, cadmium and fluoride levels in market milk and infant formulas in Canada, J. AOAC, 1987, 70(4), 754-757.
36. World Health Organization. Technical note - biomonitoring of human milk. http://www.who.int/foodsafety/chem/POPtechnicalnote.pdf, 2009, Accessed April 19, 2010.
37. A. Gilman, É. Dewailly, M. Feeley, V. Jerome, H. Kuhnlein, B. Kwavnick, S. Neve, B. Tracy, P. Usher, J. Van Oostdam, J. Walker and B. Wheatley, Chapter 4: Human health, in Canadian Arctic Contaminants Assessment Report, ed. J. Jensen, K. Adare and R. Shearer, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Ottawa, ON, 1997.
38. J. Van Oostdam, S. Donaldson, M. Feeley and N. Tremblay, Canadian Arctic Contaminants Assessment Report II: Human Health, Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Ottawa, ON, 2003.
39. J. Van Oostdam, S. Donaldson, M. Feeley and C. Tikhonov, Canadian Arctic Contaminants and Human Health Assessment Report: Human Health 2009, Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Ottawa, ON, 2009.
40. K. Tofflemire, Inuvik Regional Human Contaminants Monitoring Program: Regional Report, 2000, Unpublished report.
41. B. Armstrong, K. Tofflemire, E. Myles, O. Receveur and L. Chan, Monitoring Temporal Trends of Human Environmental Contaminants in the NWT, Department of Health and Social and Services, Government of Northwest Territories, 2007.
42. Baffin Regional Health and Social Services Board, Environment and Lifestyle Assessment Project-Baffin Region Blood Monitoring Program Results, Unpublished Report, 1997.
43. J. Butler Walker, L. Seddon, E. McMullen, J. Houseman, K. Tofflemire, A. Corriveau, J. P. Weber, C. Mills, S. Smith and J. Van Oostdam, Organochlorine levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood plasma in Arctic Canada, Sci. Total Environ., 2003, 302, 27-52.
44. J. Butler-Walker, J. Houseman, L. Seddon, E. McMullen, K. Tofflemire, C. Mills, A. Corriveau, J. P. Weber, A. Le Blanc, M. Walker, S. G. Donaldson and J. Van Oostdam, Maternal and umbilical cord blood levels of mercury, lead, cadmium, and essential trace elements in Arctic Canada, Environ. Res., 2006, 10(3), 295-318.
45. Santé Québec, A health profile of the Inuit, in Report of the SantéQuébec Health Survey Among the Inuit of Nunavik 1992, ed. M. Jetté, Montréal, 1994.
46. F. Dallaire, É. Dewailly, G. Muckle and P. Ayotte, Time trends of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals in umbilical cord blood of Inuit infants born in Nunavik (Québec, Canada) between 1994 and 2001, Environ. Health Perspect., 2003, 111, 1660-1664.
47. É. Dewailly, R. Daillaire, D. Pereg, P. Ayotte, J. Fontaine and S. Déry, Exposure to Environmental Contaminants in Nunavik: Persistent Organic Pollutants and New Contaminants of Concern, Insititut national de santépublique du Québec, Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, 2007.
48. É. Dewailly, P. Ayotte, D. Pereg, S. Déry, R. Dallaire, J. Fontaine and S. Côte. Exposure to Environmental Contaminants in Nunavik: Metals. Insititut national de santépublique du Québec, Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services; 2007.
49. G. Muckle, P. Ayotte, É. Dewailly, S. W. Jacobson and J. L. Jacobson, Determinants of polychlorinated biphenyls and methylmercury exposure in Inuit women of childbearing age, Environ. Health Perspect., 2001, 109(9), 957-963.
50. G. Muckle, P. Ayotte, É. Dewailly, S. W. Jacobson and J. L. Jacobson, Prenatal exposure of the northern Quebec Inuit infants to environmental contaminants, Environ. Health Perspect., 2001, 109(12), 1291-1299.
51. D. Pereg, J. J. Ryan, P. Ayotte, G. Muckle, B. Patry and É. Dewailly, Temporal and spatial changes of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) and other POPs in human milk from Nunavik (Arctic) and southern Québec, Organohalogen Compounds, 2003, 61, 127-130.
52. R. Dallaire, É. Dewailly, D. Pereg, S. Dery and P. Ayotte, Thyroid Function and Plasma Concentrations of Polyhalogenated Compounds in Inuit Adults, Environ. Health Perspect., 2009, 117(9), 1380-1386.
53. C. M. Furgal, S. Bernier, G. Godin, S. Gingras, J. Grondin and É. Dewailly, Decision making and diet in the north: balancing the physical, economic and social components, in Synopsis of Research Conducted under the 2000-2001 Northern Contaminants Program, ed. S. Kalhok, Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development; Ottawa, ON, 2001, pp. 42-43.
54. C. Furgal, C. Blanchet, E. Dewailly, G. Muckle and S. Gingras, Relationships between risk perception of food chain contaminants and country food use, contaminant exposure and determinants of social and mental health among Nunavimmiut, in Synopsis of Research Conducted under the 2001-2003 Northern Contaminants Program, Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Ottawa, ON, 2003, pp. 412-417.
55. H. V. Kuhnlein, H. M. Chan, O. Receveur and G. Egeland, Canadian Arctic indigenous peoples, traditional food systems and POPs, in Northern Lights Against POPs: Combating Toxic Threats in the Arctic, ed. D. L. Downie and T. Fenge, McGill-Queens University Press, Montreal, 2003, pp. 22-40.
56. S. G. Donaldson, N. C. Doubleday and J. Van Oostdam, Factors influencing food choices among women and men living in Cape Dorset, Nunavut, Canada, in Synopsis of Research Conducted under the 2005-2006 Northern Contaminants Program, ed. S. Smith and J. Stowe, Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development Ottawa, ON, 2006, pp. 65-72.
57. H. Kuhnlein and O. Receveur, Dietary change and traditional food systems of indigenous peoples, Annu. Rev. Nutr., 1996, 16, 417-442.
58. J. Van Oostdam, S. G. Donaldson, M. Feeley, D. Arnold, P. Ayotte, G. Bondy, L. Chan, É. Dewailly, C. M. Furgal, H. Kuhnlein, E. Loring, G. Muckle, E. Myles, O. Receveur, B. Tracy, U. Gill and S. Kalhok, Human health implications of environmental contaminants in Arctic Canada: a review, Sci. Total Environ., 2005, 351-352(1), 164-246.
59. S. G. Donaldson, J. Van Oostdam, C. Tikhonov, C. Feeley, B. Armstrong, P. Ayotte, O. Boucher, W. Bowers, L. Chan, F. Dallaire, R. Dallaire, É. Dewailly, J. Edwards, G. M. Egeland, J. Fontaine, C. Furgal, T. Leech, E. Loring, G. Muckle, T. Nancarrow, D. Pereg, P. Plusquellec, M. Potyrala, O. Receveur and R. G. Shearer, Environmental contaminants and human health in the Canadian Arctic, Sci. Total Environ., 2010, 408(22), 5165-5234.
60. J. Burger, Fish consumption advisories: knowledge, compliance and why people fish in an urban estuary, J. Risk Res., 2004, 7(5), 463-479.
61. P. J. Usher, M. Baikie, M. Demmer, D. Nakashima, M. G. Stevenson and M. Stiles, Communicating about Contaminants in Country food: The Experience in Aboriginal Communities, Inuit Tapirisat of Canada, Ottawa, ON, 1995.
62. Nunavik Nutrition and Health Committee, Nunavik Child Development Study 2003, Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, Nunavik, Québec, 2003.
63. J. Van Oostdam, A. Gilman, E. Dewailly, P. Usher, B. Wheatley, H. Kuhnlein, S. Neve, J. Walker, B. Tracy, M. Feeley, V. Jerome and B. Kwavnick, Human health implications of environmental contaminants in Arctic Canada: a Review, Sci. Total Environ., 1999, 239, 1-82.
64. National Research Council's Committee on Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Toxicants, Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2006, 316 pp.
65. D. A. Haines, T. E. Arbuckle, E. Lye, M. Legrand, M. Fisher, R. Langlois and W. Fraser, Reporting results of human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals to study participants: a comparison of approaches followed in two Canadian studies. J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 2010, in press.
66. Health Canada, Update of Evidence for Low-Level Effects of Lead and Blood Lead Intervention Levels and Strategies - Final Report of the Working Group, Federal-Provincial Committee on Environmental and Occupational Health, Ottawa, Canada, 1994.
67. Health Canada, Lead and Health, 2007, ISBN:978-0-662-44815-0, Retrieved October 30, 2009, from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminants/lead- plomb-eng.php.
68. M. Legrand, M. Feeley, C. Tikhonov, D. Schoen and A. Li-Muller. Methylmercury blood guidance values for Canada, Can. J. Public Health, 2010, 101(1), 28-31.
69. S. M. Hays, R. A. Becker, H. W. Leung, L. L. Aylward and D. W. Pyatt, Biomonitoring equivalents: a screening approach for interpreting biomonitoring results from a public health risk perspective, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2007, 47, 96-109.
70. S. M. Hays, L. L. Aylward and J. S. Lakind, Introduction to Biomonitoring Equivalents Pilot Project: Development of guidelines for the derivation and communication of biomonitoring equivalents, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2008, 51, S1-S2.
71. S. M. Hays and L. L. Aylward, Using biomonitoring equivalents to interpret human biomonitoring data in a public health risk context, J. Appl. Toxicol., 2009, 29(4), 275-288.
72. W. G. Foster and J. Agzarian, Reporting results of biomonitoring studies, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2007, 387, 137-140.
73. R. Morello-Frosch, J. G. Brody, P. Brown, R. G. Altman, R. A. Rudel and C. Perez, Toxic ignorance and right-to-know in biomonitoring results communication: a survey of scientists and study participants, Environ. Health, 2009, 8, 6.