Listening to community health workers: How ethnographic research can inform positive relationships among community health workers, health institutions, communities

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 104, Issue 5, 2014, Pages

  Maes, Kenneth ^a   Closser, Svea ^b   Kalofonos, Ippolytos ^c  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ARTICLE; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; DECISION MAKING; ETHIOPIA; HEALTH AUXILIARY; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HEALTH DISPARITY; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN RELATION; METHODOLOGY; MOTIVATION; MOZAMBIQUE; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PAKISTAN; POLICY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PUBLIC RELATIONS;

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL; CAREER CHOICE; COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS; DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE; ETHIOPIA; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HEALTH STATUS DISPARITIES; HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INTERPROFESSIONAL RELATIONS; MOTIVATION; MOZAMBIQUE; PAKISTAN; POLICY; PROFESSIONAL-PATIENT RELATIONS;

EID: 84898665796     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301907     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Declaration of Alma-Ata. International Conference on Primary Health Care. Alma-Ata, USSR. September 6-12, 1978. Available at: http://www.who.int/publications/almaatadeclarationen.pdf. Accessed February 18, 2014.
2. Cueto M. The origins of primary health care and selective primary health care. Am J Public Health. 2004;94(11): 1864-1874.
3. Newell KW, ed. Health by the People. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1975.
4. Standing H, Chowdhury AMR. Producing effective knowledge agents in a pluralistic environment: what future for community health workers? Soc Sci Med. 2008;66(10):2096-2107.
5. Bhutta ZA, Lassi ZS, Pariyo G, Huicho L. Global Experience of Community Health Workers for Delivery of Health Related Millennium Development Goals. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization and the Global Health Workforce Alliance; 2010.
6. Watt P, Brikci N, Brearley L, Rawe K. No Child Out of Reach. London, England: Save the Children; 2011.
7. World Health Report 2006: Working Together for Health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2006.
8. One Million Community Health Workers: Technical Task Force Report. New York, NY: Earth Institute, Columbia University, 2011.
9. Task Shifting: Rational Redistribution of Tasks Among Health Workforce Teams- Global Recommendations and Guidelines. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2008.
10. Maes K, Kalofonos I. Becoming and remaining community health workers: perspectives from Ethiopia and Mozambique. Soc Sci Med. 2013;87:52-59.
11. Closser S. Chasing Polio in Pakistan: Why the World?s Largest Public Health Initiative May Fail. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press; 2010.
12. Closser S, Jooma R. Why we must provide better support for Pakistan?s female frontline health workers. PLoS Med. 2013;10(10):e1001528.
13. Nishtar S, Bhutta Z, Jafar T, et al. Health reform in Pakistan: a call to action. Lancet. 2013;381(9885):2291-2297.
14. Akintola O. What motivates people to volunteer? The case of volunteer AIDS caregivers in faith-based organizations in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Health Policy Plan. 2011;26(1):53-62.
15. Glenton C, Scheel IB, Pradhan S, Lewin S, Hodgins S, Shrestha V. The female community health volunteer programme in Nepal: decision makers? perceptions of volunteerism, payment and other incentives. Soc Sci Med. 2010; 70(12):1920-1927.
16. Kaler A, Watkins SC. Disobedient distributors: street-level bureaucrats and would-be patrons in communitybased family planning programs in rural Kenya. Stud Fam Plann. 2001;32(3): 254-269.
17. Kironde S, Klaasen S. What motivates lay volunteers in high burden but resource-limited tuberculosis control programmes? Perceptions from the Northern Cape province, South Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2002;6(2):104-110.
18. Rödlach A. Home-based care for people living with AIDS in Zimbabwe: voluntary caregivers? motivations and concerns. Afr J AIDS Res. 2009;8(4): 423-431.
19. Swidler A, Watkins SC. ?Teach a man to fish?: the sustainability doctrine and its social consequences. World Dev. 2009;37(7):1182-1196.
20. Lewis D. Using life histories in social policy research: the case of third sector/ public sector boundary crossing. J Soc Policy. 2008;37(4):559-578.
21. Mains D. Hope Is Cut: Youth, Unemployment, and the Future in Urban Ethiopia. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press; 2011.
22. Collins CJ. Mozambique?s HIV/AIDS Pandemic: Grappling With Apartheid?s Legacy. Geneva, Switzerland: United National Research Institute for Social Development; 2006.
23. Kloos H. Primary health care in Ethiopia under three political systems: community participation in a war-torn society. Soc Sci Med. 1998;46(4-5): 505-522.
24. Akintola O. Unpaid HIV/AIDS care in southern Africa: forms, context, and implications. Fem Econ. 2008;14(4): 117-147.
25. Friedemann-Sanchez G, Griffin JM. Defining the boundaries between unpaid labor and unpaid caregiving: review of the social and health sciences literature. J Hum Dev Capabilities. 2011;12(4): 511-534.
26. Lehmann U, Sanders D. Community Health Workers: What Do We Know About Them? The State of the Evidence on Programmes, Activities, Costs and Impact on Health Outcomes of Using Community Health Workers. Geneva, Switzerland: Department of Human Resources for Health, Evidence and Information for Policy, World Health Organization; 2007.
27. Fassin D. The elementary forms of care: an empirical approach to ethics in a South African Hospital. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(2):262-270.
28. Kleinman A, Benson P. Anthropology in the clinic: the problem of cultural competency and how to fix it. PLoS Med. 2006;3(10):e294.
29. Arvey SR, Fernandez ME. Identifying the core elements of effective community health worker programs: a research agenda. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(9):1633-1637.
30. Abbott L, Luke N. Local hierarchies and distributor (non) compliance: a case study of community-based distribution in rural north India. Health Care Women Int. 2011;32(3):225-242.
31. Barrett R. Aghor Medicine. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; 2008.
32. Ethiopia extends health to its people: an interview with Dr. Tedros A Ghebreyesus. Bull World Health Organ. 2009;87(7):495-496.
33. Maes KC, Kohrt BA, Closser S. Culture, status, and context in community health worker pay: pitfalls and opportunities for policy research. A commentary on Glenton et al. (2010). Soc Sci Med. 2010;71(8):1375-1378.
34. Maes K. Volunteerism or labor exploitation? Harnessing the volunteer spirit to sustain AIDS treatment programs in urban Ethiopia. Hum Organ. 2012; 71(1):54-64.
35. Community Home-Based Care in Resource-Limited Settings: A Framework for Action. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2002.
36. Farmer P. Challenging orthodoxies: the road ahead for health and human rights. Health Hum Rights. 2008;10(1):5-19.
37. Farmer P. Testimony given before the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. January 27, 2010. Available at: http://www.pih.org/blog/ pih-co-founder-paul-farmer-testifies-atsenate- foreign-relations-committee. Accessed March 9, 2013.
38. Evaluation of the Health Extension Program Implementation Process and Effect on Health Outcomes, Part III: Model-Family and vCHP Survey. New York, NY: Center for National Health Development in Ethiopia, Columbia University; 2011.
39. Health Extension Program in Ethiopia Profile. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal Ministry of Health of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia; 2007. Available at: http://www.moh.gov.et/English/ Resources/Documents/HEW%20profile% 20Final%2008%2007.pdf. Accessed March 9, 2013.
40. HSDP IV Annual Performance Report. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal Ministry of Health of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia; 2011.
41. Ramundo K. The female ?army? leading Ethiopia?s health revolution. USAID Frontlines. 2012. Available at: http://transition.usaid.gov/press/ frontlines/flmay12/FLmay12ETH HEALTHWORKER.html. Accessed March 9, 2013.
42. Dynes M, Hadley C, Stephenson R, Sibley LM. Measuring trust among frontline health workers in rural Ethiopia. Hum Organ. 2013;72(3):230-241.
43. Mason T, Wilkinson GW, Nannini A, Martin CM, Fox DJ, Hirsch G. Winning policy change to promote community health workers: lessons from Massachusetts in the health reform era. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(12):2211-2216.
44. Kuppan I. Health workers sick of ?no support.? Independent Online News. June 22, 2005. Available at: http://www.iol. co.za/news/south-africa/health-workerssick- of-no-support-1.244457#.UTwlLhH08o. Accessed March 9, 2013.
45. LHWs stage sit-in protest. The Nation. March 24, 2011. Available at: http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistannews- newspaper-daily-english-online/ national/24-Mar-2011/LHWs-stagesitin- protest. Accessed March 9, 2013.
46. Shoe-string budget: health worker fuel compensation cut in half to 35 litres. The Express Tribune. May 24, 2011. Available at: http://tribune.com.pk/ story/174526/shoe-string-budgethealth- worker-fuel-compensation-cut-inhalf- to-35-litres. Accessed March 9, 2013.
47. Moazzam F. Lady Health Workers demand proper wages and recognition in return for their services to build a healthy society. The News. May 29, 2011. Available at: http://jang.com.pk/thenews/ may2011-weekly/nos-29-05-2011/dia. htm. Accessed March 9, 2013.
48. Shamsi W. Health workers block highway. Dawn. March 24, 2011. Available at: http://www.dawn.com/news/ 615373/health-workers-block-highway. Accessed March 9, 2013.
49. Junaidi I. 100,000 Lady Health Workers get their service regularised. Dawn. January 21, 2013. Available at: http://dawn.com/2013/01/21/ 100000-lady-health-workers-get-theirservice- regularised. Accessed March 9, 2013.
50. Biehl J, Petryna A. Critical global health. In: Biehl J, Petryna A, eds. When People Come First: Critical Studies in Global Health. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2013:1-20.