Combining self-affirmation and implementation intentions: Evidence of detrimental effects on behavioral outcomes

Annals of Behavioral Medicine

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 137-147

  Jessop, Donna C ^a   Sparks, Paul ^a   Buckland, Nicola ^a   Harris, Peter R ^a   Churchill, Sue ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHICHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Exercise; Health risk information; Implementation intentions; Keywords; Self affirmation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; BEHAVIOR; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; INTENTION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84898599414     PISSN: 08836612     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12160-013-9536-0     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Freeman MA, Hennessy EV, Marzullo DM. Defensive evaluation of antismoking messages among college-age smokers: The role of possible selves. Health Psychol. 2001; 20: 424-433. (Pubitemid 33032795)
2. Liberman A, Chaiken S. Defensive processing of personally relevant health messages. Pers Soc Psychol B. 1992; 18: 669-679.
3. Reed MB, Aspinwall LG. Self-affirmation reduces biased processing of health-risk information. Motiv Emotion. 1998; 22: 99-132.
4. Steele CM. The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In: Berkowitz L, ed. Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 21. New York: Academic; 1988: 261-302.
5. Sherman DK, Cohen GL. The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory. In: Zanna MP, ed. Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 38. New York: Academic; 2006: 183-242. (Pubitemid 44294563)
6. Harris PR, Epton T. The impact of self-affirmation on health cognition, health behaviour and other health-related responses: A narrative review. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2009; 3: 962-978.
7. Harris PR, Napper L. Self-affirmation and the biased processing of threatening health-risk information. Pers Soc Psychol B. 2005; 31: 1250-1263. (Pubitemid 41251306)
8. Harris PR, Mayle K, Mabbott L, Napper L. Self-affirmation reduces smokers' defensiveness to graphic on-pack cigarette warning labels. Health Psychol. 2007; 26: 437-446. (Pubitemid 47445001)
9. Armitage CJ, Harris PR, Hepton G, Napper L. Self-affirmation increases acceptance of health-risk information among UK adult smokers with low socioeconomic status. Psychol Addict Behav. 2008; 22: 88-95. (Pubitemid 351389761)
10. Epton T, Harris PR. Self-affirmation promotes health behavior change. Health Psychol. 2008; 27: 746-752.
11. Jessop DC, Simmonds LV, Sparks P. Motivational and behavioral consequences of self-affirmation interventions: A study of sunscreen use among women. Psychol Health. 2009; 24: 529-544.
12. van Koningsbruggen GM, Das E. Don't derogate this message! Self-affirmation promotes online type 2 diabetes risk test taking. Psychol Health. 2009; 24: 635-649.
13. Armitage CJ, Harris PR, Arden MA. Evidence that self-affirmation reduces alcohol consumption: Randomized exploratory trial with a new, brief means of self-affirming. Health Psychol. 2011; 30: 633-641.
14. Achtziger A, Gollwitzer PM. Motivation and volition in the course of action. In: Heckhausen J, Heckhausen H, eds. Motivation and action. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2010: 275-299.
15. Gollwitzer PM. Goal achievement: The role of intentions. Eur Rev Soc Psychol. 1993; 4: 141-185.
16. Gollwitzer PM. Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans. Am Psychol. 1999; 54: 493-503.
17. Webb TL, Sheeran P. How do implementation intentions promote goal attainment? A test of component processes. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2007; 43: 295-302.
18. Ziegelmann JP, Lippke S, Schwarzer R. Adoption and maintenance of physical activity: Panning interventions in young, middle aged, and older adults. Psychol Health. 2006; 21: 145-163. (Pubitemid 43663664)
19. Murgraff V, Abraham C, McDermott M. Reducing alcohol consumption among moderate, women drinkers: Evaluation of a brief evidence-based intervention. Alcohol Alcoholism. 2007; 42: 37-41. (Pubitemid 46062638)
20. Kellar I, Abraham C. Randomized control trial of a brief research-based intervention promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. Brit J Health Psych. 2005; 10: 543-558. (Pubitemid 41564483)
21. Achtziger A, Gollwitzer PM, Sheeran P. Implementation intentions and shielding goal striving from unwanted thoughts and feelings. Pers Soc Psychol B. 2008; 34: 381-393.
22. Gollwitzer PM, Sheeran P. Implementation intentions and goals achievement: A meta-analysis of effects and processes. Adv Exp Soc Psychol. 2006; 28: 69-120. (Pubitemid 43649352)
23. Higgins A, Conner MT. Understanding adolescent smoking: The role of the theory of planned behaviour and implementation intentions. Psychol Health Med. 2003; 8: 173-186. (Pubitemid 36566061)
24. Jackson C, Lawton R, Knapp P, et al. Beyond intention: Do specific plans increase health behaviours in patients in primary care? A study of fruit and vegetable consumption. Soc Sci Med. 2005; 60: 2383-2391. (Pubitemid 40313381)
25. Michie S, Dormandy E, Marteau TM. Increasing screening uptake amongst those intending to be screened: The use of action plans. Patient Educ Couns. 2004; 55: 218-222. (Pubitemid 39458220)
26. Harris PR, Epton T. The impact of self-affirmation on health-related cognition and health behaviour: Issues and prospects. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2010; 4: 439-454.
27. Milne S, Orbell S, Sheeran P. Combining motivational and volitional interventions to promote exercise participation: Protection motivation theory and implementation intentions. Brit J Health Psych. 2002; 7: 163-184. (Pubitemid 34555864)
28. Prestwich A, Lawton R, Connor M. The use of implementation intentions and the decision balance sheet in promoting exercise behaviour. Psychol Health. 2003; 18: 707-721. (Pubitemid 37469991)
29. Ferrer RA, Shmueli D, Bergman HE, Harris PR, Klein WMP. Effects of self-affirmation on implementation intentions and the moderating role of affect. Soc Psychol Pers Sci. 2012; 3: 300-307.
30. Schoenborn CA, Adams PF, Barnes PM, Vickerie JL, Schiller JS. Health behaviors of adults: United States, 1999-2001. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat. 2004; 10: 1-79.
31. Department of Health. At least five a week: Evidence on the impact of physical activity and its relationship to health. London: Department of Health; 2004.
32. NHS Choices. Why be active. Available at http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/ fitness/Pages/Whybeactive.aspx. Accessibility verified December 19, 2012.
33. Taylor SE, Pham LB, Rivkin ID, Armor DA. Harnessing the imagination: Mental simulation, self regulation, and coping. Am Psychol. 1998; 53: 429-439. (Pubitemid 128458588)
34. Schmeichel BJ, Vohs K. Self-affirmation and self-control: Affirming core values counteracts ego depletion. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009; 96: 770-782.
35. Wakslak CJ, Trope Y. Cognitive consequences of affirming the self: The relationship between self-affirmation and object construal. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2009; 45: 927-932.
36. Correll J, Spencer SJ, Zanna MP. An affirmed self and an open mind: Self-affirmation and sensitivity to argument strength. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2004; 40: 350-356. (Pubitemid 38582683)
37. Sheeran P, Webb TL, Gollwitzer PM. The interplay between goal intentions and implementation intentions? Pers Soc Psychol B. 2005; 31: 87-98. (Pubitemid 40030791)
38. Miller DJ, Freedson PS, Kline GM. Comparison of activity levels using the Caltrac accelerometer and five questionnaires. Med Sci Sport Exer. 1994; 26: 376-382. (Pubitemid 24088804)
39. Prochaska JJ, Sallis JF, Long B. A physical activity screening measure for use with adolescents in primary care. Arch Pediat Adol Med. 2001; 155: 554-559. (Pubitemid 32405778)