Emergence and complex systems

Questioning Nineteenth-Century Assumptions about Knowledge: II: Reductionism

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 57-106

  Thompson, Evan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84898581498     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (67)

1. Andersen, P. B., Emmeche, C., Finnemann, N. O., and Christiansen, P. V., eds. 2000. Downward Causation: Minds, Bodies and Matter. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press.
2. Atmanspacher, H. and Bishop, R., eds. 2002. Between Chance and Choice: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Determinism. Thorverton, UK: Imprint Academic.
3. Bechtel, W. and Richardson, R. C. 1993. Discovering Complexity: Decomposition and Localization as Strategies in Scientific Research. Princeton NJ; Princeton University Press.
4. Belousek, D. W. 2003. "Non-Separability, Non-Supervenience, and Quantum Ontology." Philosophy of Science 70:791-811.
5. Bishop, R. C. 2002. "Downward Causation in Complex Systems." British Society for the Philosophy of Science Annual Meeting, Glasgow, Scotland, 4-5 July 2002.
6. Bitbol, M. (2007). "Ontology, Matter and Emergence." Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 6(3):293-307.
7. Bitbol, M. and Luisi, P. L. 2005. "Autopoiesis with or without Cognition: Defining Life at its Edge." Journal of the Royal Society Interface 1:99-107.
8. Bourgine, P. and Stewart, J. 2004. "Autopoiesis and Cognition. " Artificial Life 20:327-45.
9. Campbell, D. 1974. " 'Downward Causation' in Hierarchically Organized Biological Systems." Pp. 179-86 in Studies in the Philosophy of Biology, ed. F. J. Ayala and T. Dobzhansky. Berkeley & Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
10. Campbell, R. J. and Bickhard, M. H. 2002. "Physicalism, Emergence, and Downward Causation. " Unpublished. http://www.lehigh.edu/~mhb0/ physicalemergence.pdf.
11. Cartwright, N. 1997. "Why Physics?" Pp. 161-68 in The Large, the Small, and the Human Mind, R. Penrose, A. Shimony, N. Cartwright, and S. Hawking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12. Deacon, T. W. 2003. "The Hierarchic Logic of Emergence: Untangling the Interdependence of Evolution and Self-Organization. " Pp. 273-308 in Evolution and Learning: The Baldwin Effect Reconsidered, ed. B. Weber and D. Depew. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
13. Deffuant, G., Fuhs, T., Monnert, E., Bourgine, P. and Varela, F. J. 1995. "Semi-Algebraic Networks: An Attempt to Design Geometric Autopoietic Networks." Artificial Life 2:157-77.
14. Dretske, F. 1995. "Mental Events as Structuring Causes of Behavior." Pp. 121-36 in Mental Causation, ed. J. Heil and A. Mele. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
15. Dupré, J. 1993. The Disorder of Things. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
16. Emmeche, C., Køppe, S. and Stjernfelt, F. 2000. "Levels, Emergence, and Three Versions of Downward Causation. " Pp. 13-34 in Downward Causation: Minds, Bodies and Matter, ed. P. B. Andersen, C. Emmeche, N. O. Finnemann, and P. V. Christiansen. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press.
17. Engel, A. K., Fries, P. and Singer, W. 2001. "Dynamic Predictions: Oscillations and Synchrony in Top-Down Processing." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2:704-16.
18. Freeman, W. J. 1999a. How Brains Make up Their Minds. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
19. -. 1999b. "Consciousness, Intentionality, and Causality." Journal of Consciousness Studies 6:143-72.
20. -. 2000. "Emotion Is Essential to All Intentional Behaviors." Pp. 209-35 in Emotion, Development, and Self-Organization: Dynamic Systems Approaches to Emotional Development, ed. M. D. Lewis and I. Granic. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
21. Friston, K. J. 2000. "The Labile Brain. II. Transients, Complexity, and Selection. " Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B. 355:237-52.
22. Garfinkel, A. 1981. Forms of Explanation. Rethinking the Questions in Social Theory. New Haven CT: Yale University Press.
23. Gatlin, L. 1972. Information and the Living System. New York: Columbia University Press.
24. Haken, H. 1983. Synergtics: An Introduction. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
25. Hattiangadi, J. 2005. "The Emergence of Minds in Space and Time." Pp. 79-100 in The Mind as a Scientifi c Object: Between Brain and Culture, ed. D. M. Johnson and C. Ernelling. New York: Oxford University Press.
26. Hawthorne, J. and Silberstein, M. 1995. "For Whom the Bell Arguments Toll." Synthese 102:99-138.
27. Healey, R. A. 1991. "Holism and Nonseparability." Journal of Philosophy 88:393-421.
28. Humphreys, P. 1996. "Aspects of Emergence." Philosophical Topics 24:53-70.
29. -. 1997a. "Emergence, Not Supervenience." Philosophy of Science 64(Proceedings):S337-45.
30. -. 1997b. "How Properties Emerge." Philosophy of Science 64:1-17.
31. Juarrero, A. 1999. Dynamics in Action: Intentional Behavior as a Complex System. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
32. Kellert, S. H. 1993. In the Wake of Chaos. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
33. Kelso, J. A. S. 1995. Dynamic Patterns: The Self-Organization of Brain and Behavior. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
34. Kim, J. 1993. Supervenience and Mind: Selected Philosophical Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
35. -. 1998. Mind in a Physical World: An Essay on the Mind-Body Problem and Mental Causation. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
36. -. 1999. "Making Sense of Emergence." Philosophical Studies 95:3-36.
37. Kronz, F. M. 1998. "Nonseparability and Quantum Chaos." Philosophy of Science 65:50-75.
38. Kronz, F. M. and Tiehen, J. T. 2002. "Emergence and Quantum Mechanics." Philosophy of Science 69:324-47.
39. Le Van Quyen, M. 2003. "Disentangling the Dynamic Core: A Research Program for Neurodynamics at the Large-Scale." Biological Research 36:67-88.
40. Lutz, A., Lachaux, J.-P., Martinerie, J. and Varela, F. J. 2002. "Guiding the Study of Brain Dynamics by Using First-Person Data: Synchrony Patterns Correlate with Ongoing Conscious States during a Simple Visual Task." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99:1586-91.
41. Maturana, H. R. and Varela, F. J. 1980. Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.
42. Maudlin, T. 1998. "Part and Whole in Quantum Mechanics." Pp. 46-60 in Interpreting Bodies: Classical and Quantum Objects in Modern Physics, ed. E. Castellani. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.
43. Montero, B. 1999. "The Body Problem." Nous 33:183-200.
44. -. 2001. "Post-Physicalism." Journal of Consciousness Studies 8:61-80.
45. Petitot, J. 1992. Physique du sens. Paris: Editions du CNRS.
46. Rudrauf, D., Lutz, A., Cosmelli, D., Lachaux, J.-P. and Le Van Quyen, M. 2003. "From Autopoiesis to Neurophenomenology: Francisco Varela's Exploration of the Biophysics of Being." Biological Research 36:27-66.
47. Schröder, J. 1998. "Emergence: Non-Deducibility or Downwards Causation?" Philosophical Quarterly 48:433-52.
48. Searle, J. R. 2000. "Consciousness, Free Action and the Brain. " Journal of Consciousness Studies 7:3-22.
49. Shimony, A. 1997. "On Mentality, Quantum Mechanics, and the Actualization of Potentialities." Pp. 144-60 in The Large, the Small, and the Human Mind, R. Penrose, A. Shimony, N. Cartwright, and S. Hawking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
50. Silberstein, M. 2001. "Converging on Emergence: Consciousnesss, Causation, and Explanation. " Journal of Consciousness Studies 8:61-98.
51. -. 2002. "Reduction, Emergence, and Explanation. " Pp. 80-107 in The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Science, ed. P. Machamer and M. Silberstein. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
52. Silberstein, M. and McGeever, J. 1999. "The Search for Ontological Emergence." Philosophical Quarterly 49:182-200.
53. Simon, H. 1969. The Sciences of the Artificial. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
54. -. 1973. "The Organization of Complex Systems." Pp. 1-27 in Hierarchy Theory: The Challenge of Complex Systems, ed. H. H. Pattee. New York: George Braziller.
55. Sperry, R. 1969. "A Modified Concept of Consciousness." Psychological Review 76:532-36.
56. Teller, P. 1986. "Relational Holism and Quantum Mechanics." British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 37:71-81.
57. Thompson, E. 2007. Mind in Life: Biology, Phenomenology, and the Sciences of Mind. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
58. Thompson, E. and Varela, F. J. 2001. "Radical Embodiment: Neural Dynamics and Consciousness." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 5:418-25.
59. Uttal, W. R. 2001. The New Phrenology: The Limits of Localizing Cognitive Processes in the Brain. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
60. Van Gulick, R. 2001. "Reduction, Emergence and Other Recent Options on the Mind-Body Problem: A Philosophic Overview." Journal of Consciousness Studies 8:1-34.
61. Varela, F. J. 1979. Principles of Biological Autonomy. New York: Elsevier North Holland.
62. -. 1995. "Resonant Cell Assemblies: A New Approach to Cognitive Functions and Neuronal Synchrony." Biological Research 28:81-95.
63. -. 1997. "Patterns of Life: Intertwining Identity and Cognition. " Brain and Cognition 34:72-87.
64. Varela, F. J. and Bourgine, P., eds. 1991. Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems: Proceedings of the First European Conference on Artificial Life. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
65. Varela, F. J., Lachaux, J.-P., Rodriguez, E. and Martinerie, J. 2001. "The Brainweb: Phase Synchronization and Large-Scale Integration. " Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2:229-39.
66. Varela, F. J., Thompson, E. and Rosch, E. 1991. The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
67. Wimsatt, W. C. 1986. "Forms of Aggregativity." Pp. 259-91 in Human Nature and Human Knowledge, ed. A. Donagan, A. Perovich, and M. Wedin. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.