Emergence: Non-deducibility or downwards causation?

Philosophical Quarterly

Volumn 48, Issue 193, 1998, Pages 433-452

  Schröder, Jürgen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33845466263     PISSN: 00318094     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9213.00113     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. C.D. Broad, Mind and its Place in Nature (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1925), p. 43
2. H. Driesch, The Science and Philosophy of the Organism (London: A. & C. Black, 1908)
3. See M. Polanyi, 'Life's Irreducible Structure', Science, 160 (1968), pp. 1308-12, at p. 1310
4. S. Alexander, Space, Time, and Deity (London: Macmillan, 1920)
5. J.S. Mill, A System of Logic, 4th edn (London: Parker & Son, 1872)
6. C.L. Morgan, Emergent Evolution (London: Williams & Norgate, 1923)
7. See L. Pauling, The Nature of the Chemical Bond (Cornell UP, 1939)
8. See W. Heitler, Elementäre Wellenmechanik (Braunschweig: Viehweg, 1961), pp. 129-30
9. See T. Brown and H. Lemay, Chemistry (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1981), p. 355
10. See M. Lévy, 'Les rélations entre chimie et physique et le problème de la réduction', Epistemologia, 2 (1979), pp. 337-70, at p. 347
11. and M. Bunge, 'Is Chemistry a Branch of Physics?', Zeitschrift für allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie, 13 (1982), pp. 209-23, at pp. 215, 219. Both authors speak of 'chemical assumptions'. But these assumptions are not chemical because they contain specifically chemical terms but because they are based on chemical facts
12. See J. Kim, 'Multiple Realization and the Metaphysics of Reduction', Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 52 (1992), pp. 1-26
13. A. Beckermann, 'Property Physicalism, Reduction and Realization', in M. Carrier and P. Machamer (eds), Mindscapes: Philosophy, Science, and the Mind (Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1997), pp. 303-21
14. See E. Nagel, The Structure of Science (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1961)
15. For a reductionist treatment of more complex molecules see J.R. Platt, 'Properties of Large Molecules that Go Beyond the Properties of their Chemical Sub-groups', Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1 (1961), pp. 342-58
16. R. Sperry, 'A Modified Concept of Consciousness', Psychological Review, 76 (1969), pp. 532-6
17. See R. Cummins, The Nature of Psychological Explanation (MIT Press, 1983)
18. Cf. B. McLaughlin, 'The Rise and Fall of British Emergentism', in A. Beckermann, H. Flohr and J. Kim (eds), Emergence or Reduction? (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1992), pp. 49-93
19. See A. Premack, 'The Codes of Man and Beasts', Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 6 (1983), pp. 125-68
20. and Gavagai! Or the Future History of the Animal Language Controversy (MIT Press, 1986)
21. See L. Buss, The Evolution of Individuality (Princeton UP, 1987), p. 72