Current treatment options for alcohol-related liver disease

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 238-244

  Hazeldine, Simon ^a   Sheron, Nick ^a,b  

^a SOUTHAMPTON GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

alcohol; cirrhosis; liver; treatment

Indexed keywords

ACAMPROSATE; ACETYLCYSTEINE; BACLOFEN; CORTICOSTEROID; HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; NALTREXONE; PENTOXIFYLLINE; TOPIRAMATE;

ACUTE DISEASE; ALCOHOL ABSTINENCE; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ALCOHOL LIVER DISEASE; ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL; ALCOHOLISM; CHRONIC DISEASE; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; LIVER GRAFT; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT IDENTIFICATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; HEPATITIS, ALCOHOLIC; LIVER DISEASES, ALCOHOLIC; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; PREVENTION AND CONTROL;

ALCOHOL ABSTINENCE; ALCOHOL DRINKING; ALCOHOLISM; HEPATITIS, ALCOHOLIC; HUMANS; LIVER DISEASES, ALCOHOLIC; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION;

EID: 84898539715     PISSN: 02671379     EISSN: 15317056     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000065     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Elking F H, S Eyles F J. Pre-1801 Imprint Collection (Library of Congress). A view of the Greenland trade and whale-fishery. With the national and private advantages thereof. London. Printed for J. Roberts; 1722. 68 p. p.
2. Evaluation IfHMa the global burden of disease: generating evidence, guiding policy. Seattle, USA: University of Washington; 2013.
3. Jewell J, Sheron N. Trends in European liver death rates: implications for alcohol policy. Clin Med 2010; 10:259-263.
4. Verrill C, Markham H, Templeton A, et al. Alcohol-related cirrhosis: early abstinence is a key factor in prognosis, even in the most severe cases. Addiction 2009; 104:768-774.
5. Amato L, Minozzi S, Vecchi MS, Davoli S. Benzodiazepine for alcohol withdrawal. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 3:1-105; Epub 17 Mar 2010.
6. Daeppen JB, Gache P, Landry U, et al. Symptom-triggered vs fixed-schedule doses of benzodiazepine for alcohol withdrawal: a randomized treatment trial. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162:1117-1121.
7. Saitz R, Mayo-Smith MF, Roberts MS, et al. Individualized treatment for alcohol withdrawal. A randomized double-blind controlled trial. JAMA 1994; 272:519-523.
8. Bird GL, Sheron N, Goka AK, et al. Increased plasma tumor necrosis factor in severe alcoholic hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 1990; 112:917-920.
9. Sheron N, Bird G, Koskinas J, et al. Circulating and tissue levels of the neutrophil chemotaxin interleukin-8 are elevated in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis, and tissue levels correlate with neutrophil infiltration. Hepatology 1993; 18:41-46.
10. Lucey MR, Mathurin P, Morgan TR. Alcoholic hepatitis. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:2758-2769.
11. Maddrey WC, Boitnott JK, Bedine MS, et al. Corticosteroid therapy of alcoholic hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1978; 75:193-199.
12. Yu CH, Xu CF, Ye H, et al. Early mortality of alcoholic hepatitis: a review of data from placebo-controlled clinical trials. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:2435-2439.
13. Mathurin P, Lucey MR.Management ofalcoholic hepatitis. JHepatol2012; 56 (Suppl 1):S39-45.
14. Sanyal AJ, Boyer T, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. A randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of terlipressin for type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. Gastroenterology 2008; 134:1360-1368.
15. Gluud LL, Christensen K, Christensen E, Krag A. Systematic review of randomized trials on vasoconstrictor drugs for hepatorenal syndrome. Hepa-tology 2010; 51:576-584.
16. Martin-Llahi M, Pepin MN, Guevara M, et al. Terlipressin and albumin vs albumin in patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized study. Gastroenterology 2008; 134:1352-1359.
17. Sharma P, Kumar A, Shrama BC, Sarin SK. An open label, pilot, randomized controlled trial of noradrenaline versus terlipressin in the treatment of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome and predictors of response. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103:1689-1697.
18. Singh V, Ghosh S, Singh B, et al. Noradrenaline vs. terlipressin in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized study. J Hepatol 2012; 56:1293-1298.
19. Wong F, Pantea L, Sniderman K. Midodrine, octreotide, albumin, and TIPS in selected patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatology 2004; 40:55-64.
20. Forrest E, Mellor J, Stanton L, et al. Steroids or pentoxifylline for alcoholic hepatitis (STOPAH): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2013; 14:262.
21. Mathurin P, O'Grady J, Carithers RL, et al. Corticosteroids improve short-term survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: meta-analysis of individual patient data. Gut 2011; 60:255-260.
22. Mathurin P, Abdelnour M, Ramond MJ, et al. Early change in bilirubin levels is an important prognostic factor in severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with prednisolone. Hepatology 2003; 38:1363-1369.
23. Louvet A, Naveau S, Abdelnour M, et al the Lille model: a new tool for therapeutic strategy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with steroids. Hepatology 2007; 45:1348-1354.
24. Louvet A, Wartel F, Castel H, et al. Infection in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with steroids: early response to therapy is the key factor. Gastroenterology 2009; 137:541-548.
25. Akriviadis E, Botla R, Briggs W, et al. Pentoxifylline improves short-term survival in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2000; 119:1637-1648.
26. Lebrec D, Thabut D, Oberti F, et al. Pentoxifylline does not decrease short-term mortality but does reduce complications in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:1755-1762.
27. Tyagi P, Sharma P, Sharma BC, et al. Prevention of hepatorenal syndrome in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: a pilot randomized control trial between pentoxifylline and placebo. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 23:210-217.
28. Mathurin P, Louvet A, Duhamel A, et al. Prednisolone with vs without pentoxifylline and survival of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013; 310:1033-1041.
29. Parker R, Armstrong MJ, Corbett C, et al. Systematic review: pentoxifylline for the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Therap 2013; 37:845-854.
30. Whitfield K, Rambaldi A, Wetterslev J, Gluud C. Pentoxifylline for alcoholic hepatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; CD007339.
31. Moreno C, Langlet P, Hittelet A, et al. Enteral nutrition with or without N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized multicenter controlled trial. J Hepatol 2010; 53:1117-1122.
32. Nguyen-Khac E, Thevenot T, Piquet MA, et al. Glucocorticoids plus N-acetylcysteine in severe alcoholic hepatitis. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 1781-1789.
33. Bonkovsky HL, Fiellin DA, Smith GS, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with parenteral nutrition and oxandrolone. I. Short-term effects on liver function. Am J Gastroenterol 1991; 86:1200-1208.
34. Mezey E, Caballeria J, Mitchell MC, et al. Effect of parenteral amino acid supplementation on short-term and long-term outcomes in severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatology 1991; 14:1090-1096.
35. Diehl AM, Boitnott JK, Herlong HF, et al. Effect of parenteral amino acid supplementation in alcoholic hepatitis. Hepatology 1985; 5:57-63.
36. Alvarez MA, Cabre E, Lorenzo-Zuniga V, et al. Combining steroids with enteral nutrition: a better therapeutic strategy for severe alcoholic hepatitis? Results of a pilot study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 16:1375-1380.
37. Cabre E, Rodriguez-Iglesias P, Caballeria J, et al. Short-and long-term outcome of severe alcohol-induced hepatitis treated with steroids or enteral nutrition: a multicenter randomized trial. Hepatology 2000; 32:36-42.
38. Guevara M, Terra C, Nazar A, et al. Albumin for bacterial infections other than spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis. A randomized, controlled study. J Hepatol 2012; 57:759-765.
39. Vlachogiannakos J, Saveriadis AS, Viazis N, et al. Intestinal decontamination improves liver haemodynamics in patients with alcohol-related decompen-sated cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Therap 2009; 29:992-999.
40. Kalambokis GN, Mouzaki A, Rodi M, et al. Rifaximin improves systemic hemodynamics and renal function in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis and ascites. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 10:815-818.
41. Vlachogiannakos J, Viazis N, Vasianopoulou P, et al. Long-term administration of rifaximin improves the prognosis of patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:450-455.
42. Mathurin P, Moreno C, Samuel D, et al. Early liver transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:1790-1800.
43. Burra P, Senzolo M, Adam R, et al. Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease in Europe: a study from the ELTR (European Liver Transplant Registry). Am J Transplant 2010; 10:138-148.
44. Potts JR, Goubet S, Heneghan MA, Verma S. Determinants of long-term outcome in severe alcoholic hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Therap 2013; 38:584-595.
45. Boniface S, Shelton N. How is alcohol consumption affected if we account for under-reporting? A hypothetical scenario. Eur J Public Health 2013; 23:1076-1081.
46. Helander A, Eriksson CJ. Laboratory tests for acute alcohol consumption: results of the WHO/ISBRA Study on State and Trait Markers of Alcohol Use and Dependence. Alcohol, Clin Exp Res 2002; 26:1070-1077.
47. McDonald H, Borinskya S, Kiryanov N, et al. Comparative performance of biomarkers of alcohol consumption in a population sample of working-aged men in Russia: the Izhevsk Family Study. Addiction 2013; 108:1579-1589.
48. Wolff K, Gross S, Marshall EJ, et al the role of carbohydrate deficient transferrin as an alternative to gamma glutamyl transferaseasa marker of continuous drinking in high-risk drivers. London: Department of Transport; 2010.
49. DiMartini A, Day N, Lane T, et al. Carbohydrate deficient transferrin in abstaining patients with end-stage liver disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001; 25:1729-1733.
50. Schmitt G, Droenner P, Skopp G, Aderjan R. Ethyl glucuronide concentration in serum of human volunteers, teetotalers, and suspected drinking drivers. J Forensic Sci 1997; 42:1099-1102.
51. Walsham NE, Sherwood RA. Ethyl glucuronide. Ann Clin Biochem 2012; 49 (Pt 2):110-117.
52. Haller DL, Acosta MC, Lewis D, et al. Hair analysis versus conventional methods of drug testing in substance abusers seeking organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:1305-1311.
53. Staufer K, Andresen H, Vettorazzi E, et al. Urinary ethyl glucuronide as a novel screening tool in patients pre and postliver transplantation improves detection of alcohol consumption. Hepatology 2011; 54:1640-1649.
54. Raynard B, Balian A, Fallik D, et al. Risk factors of fibrosis in alcohol-induced liver disease. Hepatology 2002; 35:635-638.
55. Pessione F, Ramond MJ, Peters L, et al. Five-year survival predictive factors in patients with excessive alcohol intake and cirrhosis. Effect of alcoholic hepatitis, smoking and abstinence. Liver Int 2003; 23:45-53.
56. Alvarez MA, Cirera I, Sola R, et al. Long-term clinical course of decompen-sated alcoholic cirrhosis: a prospective study of 165 patients. J Clin Gastro-enterol 2011; 45:906-911.
57. Teli MR, Day CP, Burt AD, et al. Determinants of progression to cirrhosis or fibrosis in pure alcoholic fatty liver. Lancet 1995; 346:987-990.
58. Muntaner L, Altamirano JT, Augustin S, et al. High doses of beta-blockers and alcohol abstinence improve long-term rebleeding and mortality in cirrhotic patients after an acute variceal bleeding. Liver Int 2010; 30:1123-1130.
59. Runyon BA. Historical aspects of treatment of patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Semin Liver Dis 1997; 17:163-173.
60. Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: Project MATCH posttreatment drinking outcomes. J Stud Alcohol 1997; 58:7-29.
61. Effectiveness of treatment for alcohol problems: findings of the randomised UK alcohol treatment trial (UKATT). BMJ 2005; 331:541.
62. Cutler RB, Fishbain DA. Are alcoholism treatments effective? The Project MATCH data. BMC Public Health 2005; 5:75.
63. Rosner S, Hackl-Herrwerth A, Leucht S, et al. Acamprosate for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; CD004332.
64. Anton RF, O'Malley SS, Ciraulo DA, et al. Combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions for alcohol dependence: the COMBINE study-a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006; 295:2003-2017.
65. Addolorato G, Leggio L, Ferrulli A, et al. Effectiveness and safety of baclofen for maintenance of alcohol abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis: randomised, double-blind controlled study. Lancet 2007; 370: 1915-1922.
66. Addolorato G, Leggio L, Ferrulli A, et al. Dose-response effect of baclofen in reducing daily alcohol intake in alcohol dependence: secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Alcohol Alcohol 2011; 46:312-317.
67. Garbutt JC, Kampov-Polevoy AB, Gallop R, et al. Efficacy and safety of baclofen for alcohol dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 34:1849-1857.
68. Morley KC, Leung S, Baillie A, Haber PS the efficacy and biobehavioural basis of baclofen in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease (BacALD): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2013; 36:348-355.
69. Ryder SD, Aithal GP, Holmes M, et al. Effectiveness of a nurse-led alcohol liaison service in a secondary care medical unit. Clin Med 2010; 10:435-440.
70. Babor TF, Caetano R, Casswell S. Alcohol: no ordinary commodity-research and public policy Oxford and London. Oxford University Press; 2003
71. Academy of Medical S. Calling time: The nation's drinking as a major health issue. London: Academy of Medical Sciences; 2004.
72. Anderson P, Baumberg B. Alcohol in Europe: a public health perspective. EU Health and Consumer Protection Directorate General; 2007.
73. Kaner E, Bland M, Cassidy P, et al. Effectiveness of screening and brief alcohol intervention in primary care (SIPS trial): pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2013; 346:e8501.
74. Sheron N, Moore M, Ansett S, et al. Developing a 'traffic light' test with potential for rational early diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in the community. Br J Gen Pract 2012; 62:e616-e624.
75. Sheron N, Moore M, O'Brien W, et al. Feasibility of detection and intervention for alcohol-related liver disease in the community: the Alcohol and Liver Disease Detection study (ALDDeS). Br J Gen Pract 2013; 63:698-705.
76. Sheron N, Gilmore I, Parsons C, et al. Projections of alcohol-related deaths in England and Wales: tragic toll or potential prize? Lancet 2012; 379:687-688.