Blockading the border and human rights: The El Paso operation that remade immigration enforcement

Blockading the Border and Human Rights: The El Paso Operation That Remade Immigration Enforcement

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-297

  Dunn, Timothy J ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84898393983     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (536)

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2. "Activist Wants Hearing on Wall." 1995. El Paso Herald-Post, February 7.
3. Aguilar, Matthew. 1997. "Communities' Growth, Money Attract Crime." El Paso Times, August 10.
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10. Archibold, Randal C. 2006. "Tasks Are Workaday for Guard Troops on Border." New York Times, August 7.
11. -. 2007. "28-Mile Virtual Fence Is Rising along the Border." New York Times, June 26.
12. Associated Press. 1993a. "Californians Want Guard to Police Mexican Border." El Paso Herald-Post, September 20.
13. -. 1993b. "Town Decries Flood of Illegal Immigrants." Dallas Morning News, October 7.
14. -. 1994. "Sunland Park Hopes to Find Fence Alternative." El Paso Herald-Post, March 18.
15. -. 1995a. "Border Patrol Concerned about Sunland Park Train Robberies." Las Cruces [New Mexico] Sun-News, April 10.
16. -. 1995b. "Build Bridges, Not Walls." El Paso Times, January 31.
17. -. 1995c. "Residents Want Border Wall Extended." El Paso Herald-Post, April 29.
18. -. 1996. "Bandits Steal 15 Computers from Train." El Paso Times, December 3.
19. -. 1998. "ins Becomes Most Populous Federal Agency." El Paso Times, January 26.
20. -. 2007a. "Border Deaths Drop." New York Times, November 8.
21. -. 2007b. "Border Fence Protesters Paddle Down, Then Link Hands Across, the Rio Grande." Arizona Daily Star, July 15.
22. -. 2007c. "100 More Guardsmen Headed to New Mexico." El Paso Times, February 15.
23. Aynesworth, Hugh. 1995. "Mexican Gangs Create 'War Zone' along Border." El Paso Times, April 16, reprinted from Washington Times.
24. Baca, Kim. 1997a. "Historic Neighborhood Sees Crime Decrease." El Paso Times, October 2. (Westside section only.)
25. -. 1997b. "Hold the Line Helps Reduce District's Crime." El Paso Times, October 9. (Westside section only.)
26. -. 1997c. "Officer Accepts Community Challenge." El Paso Times, October 16. (Westside section only.)
27. -. 1997d. "Seg undo Barrio Fights Rising Crime." El Paso Times, October 23. (Westside section only.)
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31. Baubock, Rainer, and John Rundell. 1998. Blurred Boundaries: Migration, Ethnicity, and Citizenship. Aldershot, England: Ashgate.
32. Bean, Frank, Roland Chanove, Robert G. Cushing, Rodolfo de la Garza, Gary Freeman, Charles W. Haynes, and David Spener. 1994. Illegal Mexican Migration and the United States/Mexico Border: The Effects of Operation Hold-the-Line on El Paso/Juárez. Austin, Tex.: Population Research Center.
33. Bean, Frank D., Rodolfo O. de la Garza, Bryan R. Roberts, and Sidney Weintraub, eds. 1997. At the Crossroads: Mexican Migration and U.S. Policy. Lan-ham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield.
34. Beinart, Peter. 2006. "The Wrong Place to Stop Terrorists." Washington Post, May 4.
35. Benke, Richard. 1998. "Grass Is Welcome Mat on U.S. Border." El Paso Times, June 14.
36. Bennett, David. 1997. "Patrol Halts Barricade Project." El Paso Times, September 5.
37. Bibler, Susan. 1993. The Culture of Protest: Religious Activism and the U.S. Sanctuary Movement. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
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39. Binder, Norman E., J. L. Polinard, and Robert D. Wrinkle. 1997. "Mexican American and Anglo Attitudes toward Immigration Reform: A View from the Border." Social Science Quarterly 78, no. 2:324-337.
40. Bixler-Márquez, Dennis. 2005. "La Preparatoria Bowie versus la Patrulla Fronteriza." Aztlán 30, no. 2:157-168.
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45. -. 2006b (June 27). "Summary Report of East El Paso Community Concerns Regarding El Paso County Sheriff's Office Activities [and Letter to El Paso County Commissioners]." http://seymour.textdrive.com/~bnhr/download/ bnhr-camp-rpt2006b.pdf (accessed July 2007).
46. "Border Patrol Chief Explains Operation Blockade." 1993. El Paso Times, September 23.
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48. Border Rights Coalition (brc). 1993a (December 11). "Chihuahuita Survey Project." Document in author's personal collection.
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53. Border Rights Coalition, Texas Rural Legal Aid, and Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights. 1995 (August 18). "Update on ins and Border Patrol Abuse Cases in El Paso." Packet for Joint Press Conference, August 21, 1995. Document in author's personal collection.
54. "Border Security Conference: Securing and Managing Our Nation's Borders." 2007. University of Texas at El Paso, August 13-14.
55. Bornemeier, James. 1993. "Boxer Urges Augmented Border Staff." Los Angeles Times, July 30.
56. Borunda, Daniel. 2004a. "Fifth Immigrant Diesin Area." El Paso Times, June 22.
57. -. 2004b. "Heat Blamed in Brazilian's Death." El Paso Times, July 14.
58. -. 2005. "More Agents on Way." El Paso Times, February 26.
59. Bowden, Charles. 1998. Juárez: The Laboratory of Our Future. New York: Aperture Foundation.
60. Brinkley, Joel. 1994. "A Success at the Border Earned Only a Shrug." New York Times, September 15.
61. Brock, Peter. 1993a. "Bishop Calls for Blockade Moratorium." El Paso Herald-Post, October 14.
62. -. 1993b. "Chief Denies Retirement Was Forced." El Paso Herald-Post, April 8.
63. -. 1993c. "Mayor Blasts 'Our Berlin Wall.'" El Paso Herald-Post, December 11.
64. -. 1993d. "Mexicans File Formal Protest over Blockade." El Paso Herald-Post, October 8.
65. -. 1993e. "Operation Blockade to Continue." El Paso Herald-Post, October 14.
66. -. 1993f. "Patrol Agents Keep Crossers at Bay." El Paso Herald-Post, September 20.
67. -. 1993g. "Reyes to Bishop: We Won't Look the Other Way." El Paso Herald-Post, October 15.
68. -. 1993h. "Steel Barricade to Line Border." El Paso Herald-Post, December 10.
69. -. 1993i. "U.S. Backs Patrol's Crackdown." El Paso Herald-Post, October 19.
70. -. 1994a. "El Pasoans Suggest Border Reforms." El Paso Herald-Post, March 18.
71. -. 1994b. "ins Says Fence Is 'Last Resort.'" El Paso Herald-Post, March 19.
72. -. 1995a. "Border Fence Gets Go-ahead." El Paso Herald-Post, September 11.
73. -. 1995b. "Coleman against Border Fence." El Paso Herald-Post, February 25.
74. -. 1995c. "Construction of Steel Border Fence Nears." El Paso Herald-Post, January 25.
75. -. 1995d. "Reyes in 1996? Could Be." El Paso Herald-Post, June 17.
76. -. 1995e. "Reyes: Juárez Officials Support Anapra Fence." El Paso Herald-Post, June 10.
77. Brubaker, William Rogers. 1989. Immigration and the Politics of Citizenship in Europe and North America. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America.
78. Bruner, Karla. 1995a. "Fence May Replace Border Wall Plan." El Paso Times, June 16.
79. -. 1995b. "Mexico Snubs Fence Decision." El Paso Times, September 13.
80. -. 1995c. "Opponents Denounce Proposed Wall." El Paso Times, June 11.
81. -. 1995d. "200 Debate Proposed Border Wall." El Paso Times, March 22.
82. -. 1995e. "Wall Raises Environmental Issue." El Paso Times, February 9.
83. Bruner, Karla, and Cindy Ramirez. 1995. "Fence, Not Wall, Will Close Border." El Paso Times, September 12.
84. Buey, Kevin. 2005. "Unidentif ed Male Found Dead Tuesday South of Deming." Deming [N. Mex.] Headlight, July 28.
85. Buff, Rachel Ida. 2008. Immigrant Rights: In the Shadows of Citizenship. New York: New York University Press.
86. Bunton, Lucius D. 1992a (December 1). "Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law" in Murillo v. Musegades. Copy of original document signed by Judge Bunton in author's personal collection. [Also published in 809 F. Supp. 487 (W. Texas, 1992).]
87. -. 1992b (December 1). "Order Granting Preliminary Injunctive Relief" in Murillo v. Musegades.
88. Burns, Robert. 2006. "Guard Would Assume Background Border-Intervention Role." Army Times, May 16. http://www.armytimes.com/ story.php?f=1-292925-1803979.php (accessed May 2006).
89. Bustamante, Jorge. 2002. "Immigrants' Vulnerability as Subjects of Human Rights." International Migration Review 36, no. 2:333-354.
90. Butcher, Kristin F., and Anne Morrison Piehl. 2005 (November). "Why Are Immigrants' Incarceration Rates So Low? Evidence on Selective Immigration, Deterrence, and Deportation." Federal Reserve Board Chicago Working Paper No. 2005-19. http://ssrn.com/abstract=871071 (accessed June 2007).
91. Caldwell, Alicia. 2007a. "Appeals Court Blocks Release of Posada from Jail." Houston Chronicle, April 13.
92. -. 2007b. "Guardsmen on Border Arrested on Suspicion of Immigrant Smuggling." Houston Chronicle, June 11. http://www.chron.com/disp/story. mpl/ap/tx/4880373.html (accessed June 2007).
93. Camarillo, Albert M., and Frank Bonilla. 2001. "Hispanics in a Multicultural Society: A New American Dilemma?" in America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences, ed. Neil J. Smelser, William Julius Wilson, and Faith Mitchell, pp. 1:103-134. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, U.S. Department of Education.
94. Castles, Stephen, and Alistar Davidson. 2000. Citizenship and Migration: Globalization and the Politics of Belonging. New York: Routledge.
95. CBS Evening News. 1995. Transcript of May 29 telecast. Transcribed from videotape of telecast by Border Rights Coalition member; copy in author's personal collection.
96. Chávez, Adriana M. 2003. "Activists Criticize Border Patrol." El Paso Times, March 2.
97. -. 2007. "Cities Join Hands against Wall." El Paso Times, August 26.
98. Chavez, Leo R. 2008. The Latino Threat: Constructing Immigrants, Citizens, and the Nation. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
99. "City of El Paso, Texas Online Resource-Business Climate." 2005. http://www.cityofelpaso.net/topic/government (accessed September 2005).
100. clinic (Catholic Legal Immigration Network, Inc.). 2001. "Chaos on the U.S. Mexico Border: A Report on Migrant Crossing Deaths, Immigrant Families, and Subsistence-Level Laborers." Report 5 in "At-R isk Reports" Series. http://www.cliniclegal.org/Publications/AtRisk/atrisk5.pdf (accessed August 2004).
101. CNN (Cable News Network). 2005 (August 12). "Border Emergency Declared in New Mexico." http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/08/12/newmexico (accessed August 2005).
102. Cockburn, Andrew. 2007. "The Border Boondoggle." Washington Post, September 2. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/ 31/AR2007083101464.html (accessed September 2007).
103. Cole, August. 2008. "Boeing to Upgrade Arizona 'Virtual Fence.'" WallStreet Journal, April 30.
104. "Coleman Signs On to Support Border Agencies Commission." 1993. El Paso Times, August 17.
105. Compton, Nina, and Garrett T. Newland. 1992. "The Functional Equivalent of the Border." Journal of Borderlands Studies 7, no. 2:73-92.
106. Conley, Jim. 1995. "Mexico: 'We Feel Deceived.'" El Paso Times, September 25.
107. -. 1997. "High-tech Leathernecks Spy on Traffickers." El Paso Times, April 16.
108. Cornelius, Wayne A. 2001. "Death at the Border: The Efficacy and 'Unintended' Consequences of U.S. Immigration Control Policy." Population and Development 27, no. 4:661-685.
109. -. 2005. "Controlling 'Unwanted' Immigration: Lessons from the United States, 1993-2004." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 31, no. 4:775-794.
110. -. 2006. "Impacts of Border Enforcement on Unauthorized Migration to the United States." in Border Battles: The U.S. Immigration Debates. Social Science Research Council series. http://borderbattles.ssrc.org/Cornelius/ printable.html (accessed June 2007).
111. -. 2007. "Introduction: Does Border Enforcement Deter Unauthorized Immigration?" in Impacts of Border Enforcement on Mexican Migration: The View from Sending Communities, ed. Wayne A. Cornelius and Jessa M. Lewis, pp. 1-16. La Jolla, Calif.: Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, UCSD.
112. Cornelius, Wayne A., Phillip L. Martin, and James Hollifield, eds. 1995. Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective. La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego.
113. Cornelius, Wayne A., and Idean Salehyan. 2007. "Does Border Enforcement Deter Unauthorized Immigration? The Case of Mexican Migration to the United States of America." Regulation and Governance 1, no. 2:139-153.
114. Coronado, Roberto, and Lucinda Vargas. 2001. "Economic Update on El Paso del Norte." Business Frontier (newsletter of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, El Paso Branch), no. 2, pp. 1-5.
115. Crowder, David. 1995. "Anapra Wall OK Expected Next Week." El Paso Times, February 24.
116. -. 2006. "City Council Opposes Militarizing the Border." El Paso Times, May 24.
117. Crowder, David, and Jim Conley. 1998. "El Paso Crime Falls for Fifth Year." El Paso Times, January 15.
118. "Cuban Militant's Charges Tossed." 2007. Houston Chronicle, May 9.
119. "Declassif ed Key Judgments of the National Intelligence Estimate: 'Trends in Global Terrorism: Implications for the United States.'" 2006 (April). http://www.dni.gov/press-releases/Declassifed-NIE-Key-Judgements.pdf (accessed June 2007).
120. De Genova, Nicholas, and Ana Y. Ramos-Zayas. 2003. Latino Crossings: Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and the Politics of Race and Citizenship. New York: Routledge.
121. del Bosque, Melissa. 2008. "Holes in the Wall." Texas Observer, February 22. http://www.texasobserver.org/article.php?aid=2688 (accessed June 12, 2008).
122. DeMaio, Theresa J. 1984. "Social Desirability and Survey Measurement: A Review." in Surveying Subjective Phenomena, ed. Charles F. Turner and Elizabeth Martin, pp. 2:257-281. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
123. Department of Homeland Security. 2006 (December 15). "dhs Announces $12 Million for Operation Stonegarden to Support Local Border Security Efforts." Press release.
124. "Detienen a más ilegales este año que el pasado." 1992. El Norte [Cd. Juárez], October 15.
125. Dietz, Julia. 2003. "U.S.-Mexico Border: Border Patrol Agent Kills Mexican Teenager in El Paso." Central America/Mexico Report (journal of the Religious Task Force on Central America and Mexico), March.
126. Dillon, Sam. 1995. "Preparing for an Immigrant Onslaught." New York Times, December 8.
127. Dine, Phillip. 2006. "Boeing Bids for Border Security Deal." St. Louis PostDispatch, August 15. http://www.stltoday.com/stltoday/news/ stories.nsf/nation/story/8833BFFC426691DF862571CC001904B1?OpenDocument (accessed September 2006).
128. Dubose, Louis. 1992. "Suing the Border Patrol: The Battle at Bowie High." Texas Observer, December 11, pp. 1, 4-7.
129. -. 1995. "El Paso's Desert Shield." Texas Observer, September 29, pp. 5-6.
130. Dunn, Timothy J. 1996. The Militarization of the U.S.-Mexico Border, 1978-1992: Low Intensity Conf ict Doctrine Comes Home. Austin: Center for Mexican American Studies, University of Texas at Austin.
131. -. 1999a. "Border Enforcement and Human Rights Violations in the Southwest." in Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States: Readings for the Twenty - first Century, ed. Chris Ellison and W. Alan Martin, pp. 443-451. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing.
132. -. 1999b. "Military Collaboration with the Border Patrol in the U.S. Mexico Border Region: Inter-Organizational Relations and Human Rights Implications." Journal of Political and Military Sociology 27, no. 2:257-278.
133. -. 2001. "Border Militarization via Drug and Immigration Enforcement: Human Rights Implications." Social Justice 28, no. 2:7-30.
134. -. 2003. "The Border Wall Campaign: Democratic Debate versus Bureaucratic Authority." in Ethnography at the Border, ed. Pablo Vila, pp. 199-235. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
135. Dunn, Tim J., Ana Maria Aragones, and George Shivers. 2005. "Recent Mexican Migration to the Rural Del-Mar-Va Peninsula: Human Rights vs. Citizenship Rights in a Local Context." in New Destinations of Mexican Immigration in the United States: Community Formation, Local Responses and Inter-Group Relations, ed. Víctor Zúñiga and Rubén Hernández-León, pp. 155-183. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
136. Dunn, Tim J., and José Palafox. 2005. "Militarization of the Border." in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Latinos and Latinas in the United States, ed. Suzanne Oboler and Deana J. Gonzalez, pp. 3:150-155. New York: Oxford University Press.
137. Durand, Jorge, and Douglas S. Massey. 2003. "The Costs of Contradiction: U.S. Border Policy 1986-2000." Latino Studies 1, no. 2:233-252.
138. "An Ecumenical Panel Issues a Statement Regarding Operation Blockade." 1993 (November 5). Computer-generated document; copy in author's personal collection.
139. Editorial. 1995. "Anapra Wall May Be Popular, but It Isn't the Right Solution." El Paso Times, February 28.
140. Editorial. 1995. "Building Consensus for a Wall Is an Elusive Proposition." El Paso Times, May 10.
141. Editorial. 1995. "Walls Don't Stop Immigrants, They Only Divide Neighbors." El Paso Times, January 25.
142. Editorial. 1997. "Holding the Line." El Paso Times, August 22.
143. Eggen, Dan. 2002. "Hijackers Got Visas with Little Scrutiny, gao Reports." Washington Post, October 22.
144. Elliott, Anthony, and Bryan S. Turner. 2003. "Introduction: Towards the Ontology of Frailty and Rights." Journal of Human Rights 2, no. 2:129-136.
145. El Paso Border Patrol. 2005. Official Web Site. http://www.cbp.gov/xp/ cgov/border-security/border-patrol/border-patrol-sectors/elpaso-sector-tx/ (accessed September 2005).
146. Emmott, Robin. 2007. "More Migrants Die as U.S. Tightens Border Security." Washington Post, July 12.
147. Epstein, Keith. 2008. "The End of the 'Virtual Fence.'" Business Week, February 24.
148. Eschbach, Karl, Jacqueline Hagan, and Nestor Rodriguez. 2001a (March). "Causes and Trends in Migrant Deaths along the U.S.-Mexico Border, 1985-1998." WPS 01-4. University of Houston Center for Immigration Research. http://www.uh.edu/cir/Causes-and-Trends.pdf (accessed July 2004).
149. -. 2001b. "Migrant Deaths at the U.S.-Mexico Border: Research Findings and Ethical and Human Rights Themes." LASA Forum [Latin American Studies Association] 32, no. 2:7-10.
150. -. 2003. "Deaths during Undocumented Migration: Trends and Policy Implications in the New Era of Homeland Security." In Defense of the Alien 26:37-52. New York: Center for Migration Studies.
151. Eschbach, Karl, Jacqueline Hagan, Nestor Rodriguez, Ruben Hernandez-Leon, and Stanley Bailey. 1999. "Death at the Border." International Migration Review 33, no. 2:430-454.
152. Ewing, Walter. 2004. "From Denial to Acceptance: Effectively Regulating Immigration to the United States." Immigration Policy in Focus 3, no. 5:1-13. http://www.ailf.org/ipc/ipf112204.asp (accessed June 2005).
153. -. 2006. "Border Insecurity: U.S. Border-Enforcement Policies and National Security." Special Report. Washington, D.C.: Immigration Policy Center, American Immigration Law Foundation. http://www.ailf.org/ipc/border- insecurity-spring06.pdf (accessed June 2006).
154. Falcón, Sylvanna M. 2001. "Rape as a Weapon of War: Advancing Human Rights for Women at the U.S.-Mexico Border." Social Justice 28, no. 2:31-50.
155. Faux, Jeff. 2006. The Global Class War: How America's Elite Lost Our Future-and What It Will Take to Win It Back. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.
156. Feagin, Joe R., and Hernan Vera. 2001. Liberation Sociology. Boulder, Colo.: West view Press.
157. Fears, Darryl. 2005. "Border States Paying Toll of Fatal Crossings." Washington Post, September 7.
158. Ferry, Barbara. 1997. "Looking for the Border." Texas Observer, July 18, pp. 8-12.
159. Fix, Michael E., and Wendy Zimmermann. 1999 (October 6). "All under One Roof: Mixed Status Families in an Era of Reform." http://www.urban.org (accessed June 2004).
160. -. 2001. "All under One Roof: Mixed Status Families in an Era of Reform." International Migration Review 35, no. 2:397-419.
161. Flores, William V., and Rina Benmayor. 1997. Latino Cultural Citizenship: Claiming Identity, Space, and Rights. Boston: Beacon Press.
162. Flynn, Ken. 1993a. "Business Leaders Say 'No' to Border Fence." El Paso Herald-Post, December 18.
163. -. 1993b. "Koreans Consider Protesting." El Paso Herald-Post, September 30.
164. -. 1998a. "Citizens, Police Team Up on Crime." El Paso Times, March 28.
165. -. 1998b. "Millions to Buoy Deming Crossing." El Paso Times, August 22.
166. -. 1998c. "Smuggler Leaves Victim Behind." El Paso Times, September 15.
167. -. 1999. "Military Creates Access to Border for Crime Fighters." El Paso Times, March 6.
168. Fonce, Tammy D. 1995a. "Rights Group, Patrol Chief Argue over Abuse Charges." El Paso Herald-Post, August 22.
169. -. 1995b. "Train Robbers Caught in Juárez." El Paso Herald-Post, April 8.
170. Fonce-Olivas, Tammy. 2005. "Ex-agent Is Sentenced to 70 Months in Prison." El Paso Times, July 23.
171. Freidland, Roger, and Robert Alford. 1991. "Bringing Society Back In: Symbols, Practices and Institutional Contradictions." in The New Institutional-ism in Organizational Analysis, ed. W. Powell and P. DiMaggio, pp. 232-263. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
172. Fried, Jonathan. 1994. "Operation Blockade: A City Divided." n.p.: American Friends Service Committee, Immigration Law Enforcement Monitoring Project, AFSC Community Relations Division.
173. Fuentes, Jezmin, Henry L'Esperance, Raul Perez, and Caitlin White. 2007. "Impacts of U.S. Immigration Policies on Migration Behavior." in Impacts of Border Enforcement on Mexican Migration: The View from Sending Communities, ed. Wayne A. Cornelius and Jessa M. Lewis, pp. 53-74. La Jolla, Calif.: Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, UCSD.
174. Fujiwara, Lynn H. 2005. "Immigrant Rights Are Human Rights: The Reframing of Immigrant Entitlement and Welfare." Social Problems 52, no. 1:79-101.
175. Garcia, James E. 1993. "El Paso Border Blockade Now Permanent, Chief Says." Austin American-Statesman, November 17.
176. Garcia, James E., and Suzanne Gamboa. 1993a. "Blockade Successful but Controversial." Austin American-Statesman, November 26.
177. -. 1993b. "Blockade's Boss Divides Job, Ethnicity." Austin American-Statesman, November 27.
178. García, Juan Ramon. 1980. Operation Wetback: The Mass Deportation of Mexican Undocumented Workers in 1954. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
179. Garcia, Kenneth J. 1994. "Wilson Wants U.S. to Pay for Blockade at Mexican Border." San Francisco Chronicle, April 22.
180. García, Mario T. 1981. Desert Immigrants: The Mexicans of El Paso, 1880-1920. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
181. Gerth, Hans H., and C. Wright Mills. 1946. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press.
182. Gilot, Louie. 1999. "Laborers Wince at Optimistic nafta Statistics." El Paso Times, April 25.
183. -. 2003a. "Better, Stronger Metal Wall to Replace Anapra Fence." El Paso Times, July 3.
184. -. 2003b. "More Immigrants Shift to NM Border." El Paso Times, May 8.
185. -. 2004a. "Agents Try to Prevent More Border Deaths." El Paso Times, May 29.
186. -. 2004b. "More Migrants Caught in Area." El Paso Times, October 6.
187. -. 2004c. "Pilots, Volunteers to Aid Immigrants in Distress." El Paso Times, June 16.
188. -. 2005a. "Border Agents Tried to Hide Shooting, Judge Told at Hearing." El Paso Times, March 31.
189. -. 2005b. "Border Patrol Agents Indicted by Grand Jury." El Paso Times, April 14.
190. -. 2005c. "Migrant Apprehensions." El Paso Times, June 22.
191. -. 2005d. "Paisanos Ready to Help Undocumented Migrants." El Paso Times, June 1.
192. -. 2005e. "Patrols Start Today: Minutemen to Watch 25 Miles of Border." El Paso Times, October 1.
193. -. 2005f. "Soldiers Report Immigrants to Border Patrol." El Paso Times, October 30.
194. -. 2006a. "Border Patrol Relief Comes from National Guard." El Paso Times, July 21.
195. -. 2006b. "El Pasoans Say Border Fence 'Not Solution.'" El Paso Times, October 26.
196. -. 2006c. "Immigrants Still Will 'Find a Way.'" El Paso Times, October 13.
197. -. 2006d. "Number of Immigrants Arrested in EP Area Dips." El Paso Times, October 30.
198. -. 2006e. "Rally Draws 6, 000." El Paso Times, April 1.
199. -. 2006f. "Students Walk Out." El Paso Times, March 30.
200. -. 2006g. "2, 000 Take Part in El Paso Rally." El Paso Times, April 11.
201. -. 2007a. "Agent Pleads Guilty to Civil Rights Violations." El Paso Times, July 27.
202. -. 2007b. "Barrio Residents Question Agent's Story on Shooting." El Paso Times, July 6.
203. -. 2007c. "Border Patrol Agent Shoots, Wounds Immigrant." El Paso Times, July 4.
204. -. 2007d. "Crime Rises in Spite of Operation Linebacker." El Paso Times, January 7.
205. -. 2007e. "D.C. Hears El Pasoan's Ideas about Reforms." El Paso Times, January 15.
206. -. 2007f. "Immigration Concerns Were Heard, Group Says." El Paso Times, June 22.
207. -. 2007g. "Immigration Reform Needed." El Paso Times, August 14.
208. -. 2007h. "National Guard Troops Leaving, Border Patrol Filling Void." El Paso Times, July 28.
209. -. 2007i. "Senators to Hear Border Patrol Agents' Case." El Paso Times, July 11.
210. -. 2007j. "28 Deported after Raid on Chaparral Schools." El Paso Times, September 15.
211. -. 2007k. "U.S.-Built Border Barrier Stretches Wrongfully into Mexico." El Paso Times, June 26.
212. -. 2007l. "U.S. Senate Panel Looks at Border Agents' Case." El Paso Times, July 18.
213. Giovine, Patricia. 1995a. "Manifestación conjunta vs. la malla." Diario de Juárez, March 17.
214. -. 1995b. "Protesta binacional vs. el muro." Diario de Juárez, March 27.
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217. Golden, Tim. 1993. "U.S. Blockade of Workers Enrages Mexican Town." New York Times, October 1.
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220. "A Grim What-If Scenario: Wreck Could Kill Thousands." 1995. El Paso Herald-Post, June 10.
221. Grissom, Brandi. 2006. "Linebacker Plan Catches More Immigrants than Criminals." El Paso Times, November 20. http://www.elpasotimes.com/news/ ci-4689708 (accessed July 2007).
222. Gross, Matt. 2007. "Three Miles to Go in New Mexico." New York Times, July 18.
223. Hagan, Jacqueline Maria. 2007. "The Church vs. the State: Borders, Migrants, and Human Rights." in Religion and Social Justice for Immigrants, ed. Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo, pp. 93-103. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.
224. Hamann, Carlos. 1994. "Border Patrol Takes to Higher Ground to Guard Territory." El Paso Times, October 30.
225. -. 1995. "250 Protest Proposed Anapra Wall." El Paso Times, March 27.
226. Hamann, Carlos, and Renee Ramirez. 1993a. "Crowd: End U.S. Blockade." El Paso Times, September 22.
227. -. 1993b. "Juárez Groups Urge El Paso Boycott." El Paso Times, September 29.
228. "Hazardous Materials." n.d. [1995]. Report, no author listed, but distributed by the El Paso Border Patrol, June 9. Copy in author's personal collection.
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230. Hernandez-Truyol, Berta Esperanza. 1997. "Reconciling Rights in Collision: An International Approach to Human Rights Strategy." in Immigrants Out! The New Nativism and the Anti-Immigrant Impulse in the United States, ed. J. Perea, pp. 254-276. New York: New York University Press.
231. Herrick, Thaddeus. 1994. "El Patriot." Texas Monthly, February, pp. 62-66.
232. -. 1995. "Border Bandits." Houston Chronicle, June 11.
233. -. 1997. "Two Cases This Year Raise Questions about Military's Role on Rio Grande." Houston Chronicle, June 22.
234. Hess, Bill. 2005. "Military's Use on the Border Expands." Sierra Vista [Ariz.] Herald/Review, April 21.
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238. Hinson, David. 1987. Pass Control and the Urban African Proletariat. Johannesburg, South Africa: Raven Press.
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245. "Illegal Border Crossings Triple in Luna County." 1998. El Paso Times, February 19.
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258. [Part 3 of four-part series, "Sealing Our Border: Why It Won't Work," Arizona Daily Star, September 24-27, 2006.]
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263. Jacobson, David. 1996. Rights across Borders: Immigration and the Decline of Citizenship. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
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268. -. 1993b. "Cards Make Passage Easy for Shoppers." El Paso Times, September 27.
269. -. 1993c. "Juárenses Rally against Blockade." El Paso Times, September 23.
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282. Laird, John. 1993. "Another Monument to Paranoia." El Paso Times, December 12.
283. La Jornada. 1993. "Consulado reporta tensión por el bloqueo." Diario de Juárez, September 30.
284. Latino Studies. 2004a. Special Issue: Latino/as and the Shifting Meanings of Citizenship Today. Vol. 2, no. 1.
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289. Lijó, Lydia Villalva. 1995a. "Advocate to Ask Panel for Border Patrol Study." El Paso Times, July 4.
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291. -. 1995c. "Inquiry Looks into Claim That Agents Set Traps." El Paso Times, May 25.
292. -. 1995d. "Teens Hear Debate on Steel Wall." El Paso Times, April 22.
293. -. 1995e. "Wall Depends on Local Input, ins Chief Says." El Paso Times, May 9.
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300. -. 1995b. "'Bridges, Not Walls' Protesters Shout." El Paso Herald-Post, March 16.
301. -. 1995c. "Towns Picnic Where Wall Would Go." El Paso Herald-Post, March 22.
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304. -. 2006b. "It Won't Work." Arizona Daily Star, September 24. http://www.azstarnet.com/sn/border/146870 (accessed July 2007).
305. [Introduction to four-part series, "Sealing Our Border: Why It Won't Work," Arizona Daily Star, September 24-27, 2006.]
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308. -. 2007c. "Tally of Dead Crossers Goes Up." Arizona Daily Star, September 29.
309. -. 2007d. "Towers Scan Border." Arizona Daily Star, April 30.
310. -. 2007e. "2 Bodies Found; Crosser Deaths Exceed '05 Mark." Arizona Daily Star, August 31.
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