Why medical students choose psychiatry - A 20 country cross-sectional survey

BMC Medical Education

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

  Farooq, Kitty ^a   Lydall, Gregory J ^b   Malik, Amit ^c   Ndetei, David M ^d   Bhugra, Dinesh ^e   Alemu, Yonas Baheretibeb ^f   Ohene, Sammy ^g   Mathai, Muthoni ^h   Gakinya, Benson ⁱ   Uwakwa, Richard ^j   Olugbile, Femi ^k   Hauli, Kiyeti ^l   Mugaza, Joyce ^m   Kilonzo, Gad ^m   Musisi, Seggane ⁿ   Maling, Samuel ^o   Ravi, Paul ^p   Fernandes, Rubens Luis Folchini ^q   Nogueira Martins, Luiz Antonio ^q   Mari, Jair de Jesus ^q   Baldassin, Sergio ^r   da Silva, Nilson Rodrigues ^r   Saperson, Karen ^s   Rojnic Kuzman, Martina ^t   Lovrec, Petra ^u   Smoljan, Mia ^v   Vicente, Benjamin ^w   Rosel, Leonardo ^w   Nawka, Alexander ^x   Nawkova, Lucie ^x   Dvoracek, Boris ^x   Andlauer, Olivier ^y   Haffen, Emmanuel ^z   Sechter, Daniel ^y   Guicherd, William ^aa   Bonin, Bernard ^ab   Tatjana Calliess, Iris ^ac   Fischer, Volkhard ^ac   Mittelstädt, Anke ^ac   Wong, Vanessa ^ad   Sharma, P S V N ^ae   Deora, Sumit ^ae   Udupa, Suma ^ae   Yasiri, A Rasoul ^af   Al Chalabi, Basil ^ag   Al Hamzawi, Ali ^ah   Ali, Sirwan ^ai   Al Sabbagh, Akeel ^aj   Dahan, Eyal ^ak   Schlossberg, Karin ^ak   Ferrari, Silvia ^al   Reggianini, Corinna ^al   Mattei, Giorgio ^al   Pingani, Luca ^al   A Kato, Takahiro ^am   Kanba, Shigenobu ^am   Tateno, Masaru ^an   Seedat, Soraya ^ao   Suliman, Sharain ^ao   Gerke, Wolfgang ^ap   Schnyder, Ulrich ^ap   Ferrero, François ^aq   Bondolf, Guido ^aq   Halder, Neel ^ar   Hadjidemetriou, Christiana ^as   Pearson, Rachel ^at   more..

^a OXLEAS NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^b Castel Hospital   (United Kingdom)

^c Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Trust   (United Kingdom)

^d Africa Mental Health Foundation   (Kenya)

^e KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^f ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY   (Ethiopia)

^g UNIVERSITY OF GHANA   (Ghana)

^h UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI   (Kenya)

ⁱ MOI UNIVERSITY   (Kenya)

^j NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY   (Nigeria)

^k LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL   (Nigeria)

^l CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES   (Tanzania)

^m MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES   (Tanzania)

ⁿ MAKERERE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Uganda)

^o MBARARA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Uganda)

^p UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA   (Zambia)

^q FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^r FACULDADE DE MEDICINA DO ABC   (Brazil)

^s MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^t KBC Zagreb   (Croatia)

^u Health Centre Zagreb (East)   (Croatia)

^v SESTRE MILOSRDNICE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Croatia)

^w UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE LA SANTÍSIMA CONCEPCIÓN   (Chile)

^x CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^y UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF BESANÇON   (France)

^z University Hospital of Besançon   (France)

^aa CHS de La Chartreuse   (France)

^ab DIJON UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

^ac HANNOVER MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Germany)

^ad UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^ae KASTURBA MEDICAL COLLEGE   (India)

^af UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL   (Iraq)

^ag Department of Pathology Mosul School of Medicine   (Iraq)

^ah Quadissiya School of Medicine   (Iraq)

^ai Erbil School of Medicine   (Iraq)

^aj UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH   (Iraq)

^ak LEV HASHARON MENTAL HEALTH CENTER   (Israel)

^al UNIVERSITY OF MODENA AND REGGIO EMILIA   (Italy)

^am KYUSHU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^an SAPPORO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^ao UNIVERSITY OF STELLENBOSCH   (South Africa)

^ap UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^aq UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA   (Switzerland)

^ar UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^as ROYAL BLACKBURN HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^at NORTH MANCHESTER GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

more..

Author keywords

Attitude to psychiatry; Career choice; Enrichment activity; Gender; Medical school selection; Medical student; Psychiatry; Recruitment; Stigma

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MEDICAL STUDENT; PERSONALITY; PSYCHIATRY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; STATISTICAL MODEL; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; ATTITUDE; CAREER CHOICE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; PERSONALITY; PSYCHIATRY; QUESTIONNAIRES; STUDENTS, MEDICAL; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84897977083     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14726920     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6920-14-12     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. The Lancet Psychiatry's identity crisis. The Lancet 2012 379 9823 1274
2. British psychiatry and its discontents. Cooper B, JRSM 2010 103 10 397 402 10.1258/jrsm.2010.100041
3. Are psychiatrists an endangered species? Observations on internal and external challenges to the profession. Katschnig H, World Psychiatry 2010 9 1 21 28 20148149
4. The future of psychiatry. Oyebode F, Humphreys M, Br J Psychiatry 2011 199 6 439 440 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.092338 22130743
5. WHO, mhGAP: Mental Health Gap Action Programme: scaling up care for mental, neurological and substance use disorders [pdf report] 2008 [cited 2009 6/6/09]; Available from: http://www.who.int/mental-health/mhgap-final-english. pdf
6. Maj M, The WPA Action Plan 2008-2011 2008 [cited 2009 11/06/2009]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2559914/
7. Are there differences between training curricula on paper and in practice? Views of European trainees. Rojnic Kuzman M, Giacco D, Simmons M, Wuyts P, Bausch-Becker N, Favre G, Nawka A, World Psychiatry 2012 11 2 135 10.1016/j.wpsyc.2012.05.013 22654949
8. WHO, Atlas: psychiatric education and training across the world 2005 Geneva: WHO 2005
9. Recent trends in psychiatry residency workforce with special reference to international medical graduates. Rao NR, Acad Psychiatry 2003 27 4 269 276 10.1176/appi.ap.27.4.269 14754850
10. RCPsych, Fill rate and competition ratios for CT1 August 2012 intake 2012 [cited 2013 13.5.13]; Available from: http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/ traininpsychiatry/nationalrecruitment/fillratesandcompetition.aspx
11. Factors in medical students' choice of psychiatry. Eagle PF, Marcos LR, Am J Psychiatry 1980 137 4 5
12. Factors affecting medical student choice of psychiatry. Sierles FS, Dinwiddle S, Patro D, Atre-Vaidya N, Schrift MJ, Woddard J, Academic Psychiatry 2003 27 260 26 10.1176/appi.ap.27.4.260 14754849
13. Recruitment into psychiatry. Brockington I, Mumford D, Br J Psychiatry 2002 180 307 312 10.1192/bjp.180.4.307 11925352
14. Malaise in psychiatric recruitment and its remedy. Thompson DJ, Sims ACP, Psychiatric Bulletin 1999 23 227 229
15. Recruiting psychiatrists-A Sisyphean task? Brown N, Vassilas CA, Oakley C, Psychiatric Bulletin 2009 31 11 300 392
16. Recruitment of U.S. medical graduates into psychiatry: reasons for optimism, sources of concern. Sierles FS, Yager J, Weissman SH, Acad Psychiatry 2003 27 4 252 259 10.1176/appi.ap.27.4.252 14754848
17. Declining interest in psychiatry. Tamaskar P, McGinnis RA, Jama 2002 287 1
18. How to win the hearts and minds of students in psychiatry. El-Sayeh H, Budd S, Waller R, Holmes J, Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2006 12 182 192 10.1192/apt.12.3.182
19. Medical students' attitudes toward psychiatry and mental disorders. Feldmann TB, Acad Psychiatry 2005 29 4 354 356 10.1176/appi.ap.29.4.354 16223897
20. Leadership and professional workforce development. Buckley PF, Madaan V, Psychiatr Clin North Am 2008 31 1 105 122 10.1016/j.psc.2007.11.007 18295042
21. Quo vadis, psychiatry? Problems and potential for the future of medical student education in psychiatry. Stoudemire A, Psychosomatics 2000 41 3 204 209 10.1176/appi.psy.41.3.204 10849451
22. Trends in career choice by US medical school graduates. Newton DA, Grayson MS, Newton DA, Grayson MS, Jama 2003 290 9 1179 1182 10.1001/jama.290.9.1179 12953000
23. Recruitment into psychiatry: an international challenge. Lunn B, Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2011 45 805 807
24. What impact do undergraduate experiences have upon recruitment into psychiatry? Eagles JM, Wilson S, Murdoch JM, Brown T, Psychiatric Bulletin 2007 31 2 70 72
25. Research into recruitment: critical gaps in the literature. Farooq K, Lydall GJ, Bhugra D, Int Rev Psychiatr 2013 25 4 366 370 10.3109/09540261.2013. 822853
26. The psychiatry institute for medical students: a novel recruitment strategy. Lofchy J, Brunet A, Silver I, Acad Psychiatry 1999 23 6
27. Free choice and career choice: Clerkship electives in medical education. Mihalynuk T, Leung G, Fraser J, Bates J, Snadden D, Med Educ 2006 40 11 1065 1071 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02614.x 17054615
28. Recruitment into psychiatry: increasing the pool of applicants. Weintraub W, Plaut SM, Weintraub E, Can J Psychiatry 1999 44 5 473 477 10389608
29. Medical students' attitudes to psychiatry at the end of the clinical curriculum. Wilkinson G, Psychol Med 1983 13 4 665 668
30. Development and validation of an international English big-five mini-markers. Thompson ER, Pers Indiv Differ 2008 45 6 542 548 10.1016/j.paid.2008.06.013
31. Attitudes toward psychiatry as a prospective career among students entering medical school. Feifel D, Moutier CY, Swerdlow NR, Am J Psychiatr 1999 156 9 1397 1402 10484951
32. International medical students' career choice, attitudes toward psychiatry, and emigration to the United States: examples from India and Zimbabwe. Rao NR, Meinzer AE, Manley M, Chagwedera I, Acad Psychiatry 1998 22 117 126 10.1007/BF03341913 24442937
33. Career choices of United Kingdom medical graduates of 1999 and 2000: questionnaire surveys. Lambert TW, Goldacre MJ, Turner G, Br Med J 2003 326 194 195 10.1136/bmj.326.7382.194
34. Medical students' attitudes and views of psychiatry: 15 years later. Balon R, Franchini GR, Freeman PS, Hassenfeld IN, Keshavan MS, Yoder E, Acad Psychiatry 1999 23 30 36
35. Attitudes and views on psychiatry: a comparison between Spanish and U.S. medical students. Pailhez G, Bulbena A, Coll J, Ros S, Balon R, Acad Psychiatry 2005 29 1 82 91 10.1176/appi.ap.29.1.82 15772410
36. Changes in the attitudes towards psychiatry among Spanish medical students during training in psychiatry. Bulbena A, Pailhez G, Coll J, Balon R, Eur J Psychiatr 2005 19 79 87
37. Changes in U.S. medical students' specialty interests over the course of medical school. Compton MT, Frank E, Elon L, Carrera J, J Gen Intern Med 2008 23 7 1095 1100 10.1007/s11606-008-0579-z 18612751
38. Shortage specialties: changes in career intentions from medical student to newly qualified doctor. Mahoney R, Katona C, McParland M, Noble L, Livingston G, Med Teach 2004 26 7 650 654 10.1080/01421590400019591 15763858
39. Current factors affecting the choice of psychiatry as a speciality: an Italian study. Galeazzi GM, Secchi C, Curci P, Acad Psychiatry 2003 27 74 81 10.1176/appi.ap.27.2.74 12824106
40. Reasons why some UK medical graduates who initially choose psychiatry do not pursue it as a long-term career. Lambert TW, Turner G, Fazel S, Goldacre MJ, Psychol Med 2006 36 5 679 684 10.1017/S0033291705007038 16426488
41. Stability and change in career choices of junior doctors. Goldacre MJ, Lambert TW, Med Educ 2002 34 700 707
42. Career choices at the end of the pre-registration year for doctors who qualified in the United Kingdom in 1996. Goldacre MJ, Davidson JM, Lambert TW, Med Educ 1999 33 882 889 10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00560.x 10583809
43. Career choices for psychiatry: national surveys of graduates of 1974-2000 from UK medical schools.[erratum appears in Br J Psychiatry. 2005 Apr;186:357]. Goldacre MJ, Turner G, Fazel S, Lambert T, Br J Psychiatry 2005 186 158 164 10.1192/bjp.186.2.158 15684241
44. Doctors' reasons for rejecting initial choices of specialties as long-term careers. Lambert TW, Davidson JM, Evans J, Goldacre MJ, Med Educ 2003 37 312 318 10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01473.x 12654115
45. Attitudes of pakistani medical students towards psychiatry as a prospective career: a survey. Syed EU, Siddiqi MN, Dogar I, Hamrani MM, Yousafzai AW, Zuberi S, Acad Psychiatry 2008 32 2 160 164 10.1176/appi.ap.32.2. 160 18349339
46. The attitudes of Israeli medical students toward residency in psychiatry. Abramowitz MZ, Bentov-Gofrit D, Abramowitz MZ, Bentov-Gofrit D, Acad Psychiatry 2005 29 1 92 95 10.1176/appi.ap.29.1.92 15772411
47. Decline of U.S. medical student career choice of psychiatry and what to do about it. Sierles FS, Taylor MA, Am J Psychiatry 1995 152 10 1416 1426 7573579
48. The challendes of human resources in mental health in Kenya. Ndetei DM, Ongecha-Owuor F, Mutiso V, Kuria M, Khasakhala L, Kokonya D, South African Psychiatry Review 2007 10 433 436
49. Gender diffferences in doctors' preference-and gender difference in final specialisation. Gjerberg E, Soc Sci Med 2002 54 591 605 10.1016/S0277-9536(01) 00054-5 11848276
50. Medical women-towards full integration? An analysis of the speciality choices made by two cohorts of Norwegian doctors. Gjerberg E, Soc Sci Med 2001 52 331 343 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00138-6 11330769
51. The relationship between speciality choice and gender of U.S. medical students, 1990-2003. Lambert EM, Holmboe ES, Acad Med 2005 80 797 802 10.1097/00001888-200509000-00003 16123456
52. Characteristics of female psychiatrists. Frank E, Boswell L, Dickstein LJ, Am J Psychiatry 2001 158 205 212 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.2.205 11156802
53. Psychiatry as a career choice compared with other specialties: a survey of medical students. Rajagopal S, Rehill KS, Godfrey E, Psychiatr Bull 2004 28 444 446
54. Effects of an antistigma program on medical students' attitudes towards people with schizophrenia. Altindag A, Yanik M, Ucok A, Alptekin K, Ozkan M, Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006 60 3 283 288 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2006.01503.x 16732743
55. Challenging the public stigma of mental illness: a meta-analysis of outcome studies. Corrigan PW, Morris SB, Michaels PJ, Rafacz JD, Rusch N, Psychiatric Services 2012 63 10 963 973 10.1176/appi.ps.201100529 23032675
56. Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness. Corrigan PW, Watson AC, World Psychiatr 2002 1 1 16 20
57. Evolution of public attitudes about mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schomerus G, Schwahn C, Holzinger A, Corrigan PW, Grabe HJ, Carta MG, Angermeyer MC, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica 2012 125 6 440 452 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01826.x 22242976
58. Carry on shrinking: career intentions and attitudes to psychiatry of prospective medical students. Maidment R, Livingston G, Katona M, Whitaker E, Katona C, Psychiatric Bulletin 2003 27 30 32
59. Change in attitudes to psychiatry and intention to pursue psychiatry as a career in newly qualified doctors: a follow-up of two cohorts of medical students. Maidment R, Livingston G, Katona C, McParland M, Noble L, Med Teach 2004 26 6 565 569 10.1080/01421590410001711562 15763837
60. Attitudes toward psychiatry: a survey of medical students at the University of Nairobi, Kenya. Ndetei DM, Khasakhala L, Ongecha-Owuor F, Kuria M, Mutiso V, Syanda J, Kokonya D, Acad Psychiatry 2008 32 2 154 159 10.1176/appi.ap.32.2.154 18349338
61. Attitude of Arabian Gulf University medical students towards psychiatry. Al-Ansari A, Alsadadi A, Educ Health 2002 15 180 188 10.1080/13576280210136915
62. Attitudes of medical students towards psychiatry: effects of training, courses in psychiatry, psychiatric experience and gender. Kuhnigk O, Strebel B, Schilauske J, Jueptner M, Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2007 12 1 87 101 10.1007/s10459-005-5045-7 17115252
63. Attitude of medical students to psychiatry. A study with the German translated, expanded version of the ATP-30].[erratum appears in Nervenarzt 2000 Jul;71(7):579. Strebel B, Obladen M, Lehmann E, Gaebel W, Nervenarzt 2000 71 3 205 212 10.1007/s001150050030 10756529
64. Attitudes of 'tomorrow's doctors' towards psychiatry and mental illness. Tharyan P, John T, Tharyan A, Braganza D, Natl Med J India 2001 14 355 359 11804368
65. The junior medical student psychiatry clerkship: curriculum, attitudes, and test performance. Niedermier JA, Bornstein R, Brandemihl A, Acad Psychiatry 2006 30 2 136 143 10.1176/appi.ap.30.2.136 16609120
66. Up close and personal: medical students prefer face-to-face teaching in psychiatry. Lampe L, Coulston C, Walter G, Malhi G, Australas Psychiatry 2010 18 4 354 360 10.3109/10398561003739620 20645903
67. Familiarity breeds respect: attitudes of medical students towards psychiatry following a clinical attachment. Lampe L, Coulston C, Walter G, Malhi G, Australas Psychiatry 2010 18 4 348 353 10.3109/10398561003739612 20645902
68. The effect of psychiatric third-year rotation setting on academic performance, student attitudes, and specialty choice. Bobo WV, Nevin R, Greene E, Lacy TJ, Acad Psychiatry 2009 33 2 105 111 10.1176/appi.ap.33.2.105 19398622
69. The junior psychiatric clerkship and medical students' interest in psychiatry. Clardy JA, Thrush CR, Guttenberger VT, Goodrich ML, Burton RPD, Acad Psychiatry 2000 24 6
70. Responsibility and relevance in a psychiatric clerkship. Kasuboski D, Marshall J, J Med Educ 1973 48 8 752 757 4720109
71. Who wants to do psychiatry? The influence of a students psychotherapy scheme-a 10-year retrospective study. Yakeley J, Shoenberg P, Heady A, The Psychiatrist 2004 28 208 212