메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue MAR, 2014, Pages

The influence of vocal training and acting experience on measures of voice quality and emotional genuineness

Author keywords

Acting; Emotion; Emotional genuineness; Individual differences; Linear mixed models; Singing; Training; Voice quality

Indexed keywords


EID: 84897947334     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16641078     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00156     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0037327158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of superior auditory skills on vocal accuracy
    • doi: 10.1121/1.1536632
    • Amir, O., Amir, N., and Kishon-Rabin, L. (2003). The effect of superior auditory skills on vocal accuracy. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 1102. doi: 10.1121/1.1536632
    • (2003) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.113 , pp. 1102
    • Amir, O.1    Amir, N.2    Kishon-Rabin, L.3
  • 2
    • 78650225628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of trained and untrained vocalists on the Dysphonia Severity Index
    • doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.04.001
    • Awan, S. N., and Ensslen, A. J. (2010). A comparison of trained and untrained vocalists on the Dysphonia Severity Index. J. Voice 24, 661-666. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.04.001
    • (2010) J. Voice , vol.24 , pp. 661-666
    • Awan, S.N.1    Ensslen, A.J.2
  • 3
    • 0030093965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acoustic profiles in vocal emotion expression
    • doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.614
    • Banse, R., and Scherer, K. R. (1996). Acoustic profiles in vocal emotion expression. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 70, 614-636. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.614
    • (1996) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.70 , pp. 614-636
    • Banse, R.1    Scherer, K.R.2
  • 4
    • 84874471178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introducing the Geneva multimodal expression corpus for experimental research on emotion perception
    • doi: 10.1037/a0025827
    • Bänziger, T., Mortillaro, M., and Scherer, K. R. (2012). Introducing the Geneva multimodal expression corpus for experimental research on emotion perception. Emotion 12, 1161. doi: 10.1037/a0025827
    • (2012) Emotion , vol.12 , pp. 1161
    • Bänziger, T.1    Mortillaro, M.2    Scherer, K.R.3
  • 5
    • 0002662511 scopus 로고
    • A physical definition of "good voice-quality" in the male voice
    • doi: 10.1121/1.1915685
    • Bartholomew, W. T. (1934). A physical definition of "good voice-quality" in the male voice. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 6, 25-33. doi: 10.1121/1.1915685
    • (1934) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.6 , pp. 25-33
    • Bartholomew, W.T.1
  • 6
    • 33751540989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The speaker's formant
    • doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.07.001
    • Bele, I. V. (2006). The speaker's formant. J. Voice 20, 555-578. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.07.001
    • (2006) J. Voice , vol.20 , pp. 555-578
    • Bele, I.V.1
  • 7
    • 84970865703 scopus 로고
    • Correlation regression and repeated data
    • Bland, J. M., and Altman, D. G. (1994). Correlation regression and repeated data. BMJ: Br. Med. J. 308, 896.
    • (1994) BMJ: Br. Med. J. , vol.308 , pp. 896
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 9
    • 0030612822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychophysics toolbox
    • doi: 10.1163/156856897X00357
    • Brainard, D. H. (1997). The psychophysics toolbox. Spat. Vis. 10, 433-436. doi: 10.1163/156856897X00357
    • (1997) Spat. Vis. , vol.10 , pp. 433-436
    • Brainard, D.H.1
  • 10
    • 0033795341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptual and acoustic study of professionally trained versus untrained voices
    • doi: 10.1016/S0892-1997(00)80076-4
    • Brown, W. S. J., Rothman, H. B., and Sapienza, C. M. (2000). Perceptual and acoustic study of professionally trained versus untrained voices. J. Voice 14, 301-309. doi: 10.1016/S0892-1997(00)80076-4
    • (2000) J. Voice , vol.14 , pp. 301-309
    • Brown, W.S.J.1    Rothman, H.B.2    Sapienza, C.M.3
  • 13
    • 76549111368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real longitudinal data analysis for real people: building a good enough mixed model
    • doi: 10.1002/sim.3775
    • Cheng, J., Edwards, L. J., Maldonado-Molina, M. M., Komro, K. A., and Muller, K. E. (2009). Real longitudinal data analysis for real people: building a good enough mixed model. Stat. Med. 29, 504-520. doi: 10.1002/sim.3775
    • (2009) Stat. Med. , vol.29 , pp. 504-520
    • Cheng, J.1    Edwards, L.J.2    Maldonado-Molina, M.M.3    Komro, K.A.4    Muller, K.E.5
  • 14
    • 84958149115 scopus 로고
    • The MRC psycholinguistic database
    • doi: 10.1080/14640748108400805.
    • Coltheart, M. (1981). The MRC psycholinguistic database. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 33A, 497-505. doi: 10.1080/14640748108400805
    • (1981) Q. J. Exp. Psychol. , vol.33 A , pp. 497-505
    • Coltheart, M.1
  • 15
    • 33846697299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Singing proficiency in the general population
    • doi: 10.1121/1.2427111
    • Dalla Bella, S., Giguère, J.-F., and Peretz, I. (2007). Singing proficiency in the general population. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, 1182. doi: 10.1121/1.2427111
    • (2007) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.121 , pp. 1182
    • Dalla Bella, S.1    Giguère, J.-F.2    Peretz, I.3
  • 16
    • 0035099490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A developmental study of the affective value of tempo and mode in music
    • doi: 10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00136-0
    • Dalla Bella, S., Peretz, I., Rousseau, L., and Gosselin, N. (2001). A developmental study of the affective value of tempo and mode in music. Cognition 80, B1-B10. doi: 10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00136-0
    • (2001) Cognition , vol.80
    • Dalla Bella, S.1    Peretz, I.2    Rousseau, L.3    Gosselin, N.4
  • 18
    • 0022068508 scopus 로고
    • Intensity and frequency: dimensions underlying positive and negative affect
    • doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.48.5.1253
    • Diener, E., Larsen, R. J., Levine, S., and Emmons, R. A. (1985). Intensity and frequency: dimensions underlying positive and negative affect. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 48, 1253-1265. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.48.5.1253
    • (1985) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.48 , pp. 1253-1265
    • Diener, E.1    Larsen, R.J.2    Levine, S.3    Emmons, R.A.4
  • 19
  • 20
    • 84897939686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intelligibility of emotional speech in younger, and older adults
    • Dupuis, K., and Pichora-Fuller, M. K. (in press). Intelligibility of emotional speech in younger, and older adults. Ear Hear.
    • Ear Hear
    • Dupuis, K.1    Pichora-Fuller, M.K.2
  • 21
    • 0036985308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harmonics-to-noise ratio: an index of vocal aging
    • doi: 10.1016/S0892-1997(02)00123-6
    • Ferrand, C. T. (2002). Harmonics-to-noise ratio: an index of vocal aging. J. Voice 16, 480-487. doi: 10.1016/S0892-1997(02)00123-6
    • (2002) J. Voice , vol.16 , pp. 480-487
    • Ferrand, C.T.1
  • 23
    • 0002944642 scopus 로고
    • 'Dynamic characteristics of voice fundamental frequency in speech and singing'
    • ed. P. MacNeilage (New York: Springer)
    • Fujisaki, H. (1983). "Dynamic characteristics of voice fundamental frequency in speech and singing," in The Production of Speech, ed. P. MacNeilage (New York: Springer), 39-55.
    • (1983) The Production of Speech , pp. 39-55
    • Fujisaki, H.1
  • 24
    • 0037380186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of voice quality in communicating emotion, mood and attitude
    • doi: 10.1016/S0167-6393(02)00082-1
    • Gobl, C., and Nì Chasaide, A. (2003). The role of voice quality in communicating emotion, mood and attitude. Speech Commun. 40, 189-212. doi: 10.1016/S0167-6393(02)00082-1
    • (2003) Speech Commun. , vol.40 , pp. 189-212
    • Gobl, C.1    Nì Chasaide, A.2
  • 25
    • 4644268696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison between singing pitching strategies of 8 to 11 year olds and trained adult singers
    • doi: 10.3109/14015439709075331
    • Howard, D. M., and Angus, J. A. (1997). A comparison between singing pitching strategies of 8 to 11 year olds and trained adult singers. Logoped. Phoniatr. Vocol. 22, 169-176. doi: 10.3109/14015439709075331
    • (1997) Logoped. Phoniatr. Vocol. , vol.22 , pp. 169-176
    • Howard, D.M.1    Angus, J.A.2
  • 26
    • 84861760883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A frog in your throat or in your ear? Searching for the causes of poor singing
    • doi: 10.1037/a0025064
    • Hutchins, S. M., and Peretz, I. (2012). A frog in your throat or in your ear? Searching for the causes of poor singing. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 141, 76-97. doi: 10.1037/a0025064
    • (2012) J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. , vol.141 , pp. 76-97
    • Hutchins, S.M.1    Peretz, I.2
  • 27
    • 0012833861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of intended emotion intensity on cue utilization and decoding accuracy in vocal expression of emotion
    • doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.1.4.381
    • Juslin, P. N., and Laukka, P. (2001). Impact of intended emotion intensity on cue utilization and decoding accuracy in vocal expression of emotion. Emotion 1, 381-412. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.1.4.381
    • (2001) Emotion , vol.1 , pp. 381-412
    • Juslin, P.N.1    Laukka, P.2
  • 29
    • 14944386465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving smiles: the role of dynamic components for the perception of the genuineness of smiles
    • doi: 10.1007/s10919-004-0887-x
    • Krumhuber, E., and Kappas, A. (2005). Moving smiles: the role of dynamic components for the perception of the genuineness of smiles. J. Nonverbal Behav. 29, 3-24. doi: 10.1007/s10919-004-0887-x
    • (2005) J. Nonverbal Behav. , vol.29 , pp. 3-24
    • Krumhuber, E.1    Kappas, A.2
  • 30
    • 78649717207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presentation and validation of the Radboud Faces Database
    • doi: 10.1080/02699930903485076
    • Langner, O., Dotsch, R., Bijlstra, G., Wigboldus, D. H., Hawk, S. T., and van Knippenberg, A. (2010). Presentation and validation of the Radboud Faces Database. Cogn. Emot. 24, 1377-1388. doi: 10.1080/02699930903485076
    • (2010) Cogn. Emot. , vol.24 , pp. 1377-1388
    • Langner, O.1    Dotsch, R.2    Bijlstra, G.3    Wigboldus, D.H.4    Hawk, S.T.5    van Knippenberg, A.6
  • 31
    • 84897950424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of melody and technique on the singing voice accuracy of trained singers
    • doi: 10.3109/14015439.2013.777112.
    • Larrouy-Maestri, P., Magis, D., and Morsomme, D. (2013). The effect of melody and technique on the singing voice accuracy of trained singers. Logoped. Phoniatr. Vocol. 1-4. doi: 10.3109/14015439.2013.777112
    • (2013) Logoped. Phoniatr. Vocol. , pp. 1-4
    • Larrouy-Maestri, P.1    Magis, D.2    Morsomme, D.3
  • 32
    • 84953653173 scopus 로고
    • Perturbations in vocal pitch
    • doi: 10.1121/1.1908736
    • Lieberman, P. (1961). Perturbations in vocal pitch. J. Acous. Soc. Am. 33, 597-603. doi: 10.1121/1.1908736
    • (1961) J. Acous. Soc. Am. , vol.33 , pp. 597-603
    • Lieberman, P.1
  • 33
    • 0030660666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The speaker's formant in male voices
    • doi: 10.1016/S0892-1997(97)80038-0
    • Nawka, T., Anders, L. C., Cebulla, M., and Zurakowski, D. (1997). The speaker's formant in male voices. J. Voice 11, 422-428. doi: 10.1016/S0892-1997(97)80038-0
    • (1997) J. Voice , vol.11 , pp. 422-428
    • Nawka, T.1    Anders, L.C.2    Cebulla, M.3    Zurakowski, D.4
  • 36
    • 4444312463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-validating presentation and response timing in cognitive paradigms: how and why?
    • doi: 10.3758/BF03195575
    • Plant, R. R., Hammond, N., and Turner, G. (2004). Self-validating presentation and response timing in cognitive paradigms: how and why? Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput. 36, 291-303. doi: 10.3758/BF03195575
    • (2004) Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput. , vol.36 , pp. 291-303
    • Plant, R.R.1    Hammond, N.2    Turner, G.3
  • 39
    • 0026467329 scopus 로고
    • Diversity and commonality in music performance: an analysis of timing microstructure in Schumann's "Träumerei"
    • doi: 10.1121/1.404425
    • Repp, B. H. (1992). Diversity and commonality in music performance: an analysis of timing microstructure in Schumann's "Träumerei". J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92, 2546. doi: 10.1121/1.404425
    • (1992) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.92 , pp. 2546
    • Repp, B.H.1
  • 40
    • 0028879086 scopus 로고
    • Expressive timing in Schumann's "Träumerei": an analysis of performances by graduate student pianists
    • doi: 10.1121/1.413276
    • Repp, B. H. (1995). Expressive timing in Schumann's "Träumerei": an analysis of performances by graduate student pianists. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 98, 2413-2427. doi: 10.1121/1.413276
    • (1995) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.98 , pp. 2413-2427
    • Repp, B.H.1
  • 41
    • 0038370976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facial and vocal expressions of emotion
    • doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145102
    • Russell, J. A., Bachorowski, J.-A., and Fernández-Dols, J.-M. (2003). Facial and vocal expressions of emotion. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 54, 329-349. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145102
    • (2003) Annu. Rev. Psychol. , vol.54 , pp. 329-349
    • Russell, J.A.1    Bachorowski, J.-A.2    Fernández-Dols, J.-M.3
  • 42
    • 0010630967 scopus 로고
    • 'Vocal correlates of emotional arousal and affective disturbance'
    • H. Wagner and A. Manstead (London: Wiley)
    • Scherer, K. R. (1989). "Vocal correlates of emotional arousal and affective disturbance," in Handbook of Social Psychophysiology H. Wagner and A. Manstead (London: Wiley), 165-197.
    • (1989) Handbook of Social Psychophysiology , pp. 165-197
    • Scherer, K.R.1
  • 43
    • 0037384712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vocal communication of emotion: a review of research paradigms
    • doi: 10.1016/S0167-6393(02)00084-5
    • Scherer, K. R. (2003). Vocal communication of emotion: a review of research paradigms. Speech Commun. 40, 227-256. doi: 10.1016/S0167-6393(02)00084-5
    • (2003) Speech Commun. , vol.40 , pp. 227-256
    • Scherer, K.R.1
  • 44
    • 84897939887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The singer's paradox: on authenticity in emotional expression on the opera stage'
    • eds. T. Cochrane, B. Fantini, and K. R. Scherer (New York: Oxford University Press). doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654888.003.0005.
    • Scherer, K. R., Schaufer, L., Taddia, B., and Prégardien, C. (2013). "The singer's paradox: on authenticity in emotional expression on the opera stage," in The Emotional Power of Music: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Musical Arousal, Expression, and Social Control, eds T. Cochrane, B. Fantini, and K. R. Scherer (New York: Oxford University Press), 55-74. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654888.003.0005
    • (2013) The Emotional Power of Music: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Musical Arousal, Expression, and Social Control , pp. 55-74
    • Scherer, K.R.1    Schaufer, L.2    Taddia, B.3    Prégardien, C.4
  • 45
    • 0032251946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using SAS PROC MIXED to fit multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models
    • doi: 10.2307/1165280
    • Singer, J. D. (1998). Using SAS PROC MIXED to fit multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models. J. Educ. Behav. Stat. 23, 323-355. doi: 10.2307/1165280
    • (1998) J. Educ. Behav. Stat. , vol.23 , pp. 323-355
    • Singer, J.D.1
  • 46
    • 84964173810 scopus 로고
    • The effect of group vocal training on the singing ability of nursery school children
    • doi: 10.2307/3344153
    • Smith, R. B. (1963). The effect of group vocal training on the singing ability of nursery school children. J. Res. Music Educ. 11, 137-141. doi: 10.2307/3344153
    • (1963) J. Res. Music Educ. , vol.11 , pp. 137-141
    • Smith, R.B.1
  • 48
    • 84907366774 scopus 로고
    • The structure of subjective emotional intensity
    • doi: 10.1080/02699939408408945
    • Sonnemans, J., and Frijda, N. H. (1994). The structure of subjective emotional intensity. Cogn. Emot. 8, 329-350. doi: 10.1080/02699939408408945
    • (1994) Cogn. Emot. , vol.8 , pp. 329-350
    • Sonnemans, J.1    Frijda, N.H.2
  • 49
    • 0016163862 scopus 로고
    • Articulatory interpretation of the "singing formant." J
    • doi: 10.1121/1.1914609
    • Sundberg, J. (1974). Articulatory interpretation of the "singing formant." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55, 838. doi: 10.1121/1.1914609
    • (1974) Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.55 , pp. 838
    • Sundberg, J.1
  • 50
    • 13544260415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research on the singing voice in retrospect
    • Sundberg, J. (2003). Research on the singing voice in retrospect. TMH-QPSR 45, 11-22.
    • (2003) TMH-QPSR , vol.45 , pp. 11-22
    • Sundberg, J.1
  • 53
    • 0023819971 scopus 로고
    • Articulatory F0 perturbations and auditory feedback
    • doi: 10.1044/jshr.3102.187
    • Ternstrom, S., Sundberg, J., and Collden, A. (1988). Articulatory F0 perturbations and auditory feedback. J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. 31, 187-192. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3102.187
    • (1988) J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. , vol.31 , pp. 187-192
    • Ternstrom, S.1    Sundberg, J.2    Collden, A.3
  • 54
    • 19444373683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis and evaluation of a voice-training program in future professional voice users
    • doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.04.009
    • Timmermans, B., De Bodt, M. S., Wuyts, F. L., and Van de Heyning, P. H. (2005). Analysis and evaluation of a voice-training program in future professional voice users. J. Voice 19, 202-210. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.04.009
    • (2005) J. Voice , vol.19 , pp. 202-210
    • Timmermans, B.1    De Bodt, M.S.2    Wuyts, F.L.3    Van de Heyning, P.H.4
  • 56
    • 33750564952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Comparing feature sets for acted and spontaneous speech in view of automatic emotion recognition'
    • ICME 2005, Amsterdam
    • Vogt, T., and André, E. (2005). "Comparing feature sets for acted and spontaneous speech in view of automatic emotion recognition," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, ICME 2005, Amsterdam, 474-477.
    • (2005) Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo , pp. 474-477
    • Vogt, T.1    André, E.2
  • 57
    • 42949125335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acoustic changes in student actors' voices after 12 months of training
    • doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.10.006
    • Walzak, P., McCabe, P., Madill, C., and Sheard, C. (2008). Acoustic changes in student actors' voices after 12 months of training. J. Voice 22, 300-313. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.10.006
    • (2008) J. Voice , vol.22 , pp. 300-313
    • Walzak, P.1    McCabe, P.2    Madill, C.3    Sheard, C.4
  • 58
    • 0041337009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential factors related to untrained singing talent: a survey of singing pedagogues
    • doi: 10.1067/S0892-1997(03)00068-7
    • Watts, C., Barnes-Burroughs, K., Andrianopoulos, M., and Carr, M. (2003). Potential factors related to untrained singing talent: a survey of singing pedagogues. J. Voice 17, 298-307. doi: 10.1067/S0892-1997(03)00068-7
    • (2003) J. Voice , vol.17 , pp. 298-307
    • Watts, C.1    Barnes-Burroughs, K.2    Andrianopoulos, M.3    Carr, M.4
  • 59
    • 0035211966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Singer's formant in sopranos: fact or fiction?
    • doi: 10.1016/S0892-1997(01)00046-7
    • Weiss, R., Brown, W. S., and Moris, J. (2001). Singer's formant in sopranos: fact or fiction? J. Voice 15, 457-468. doi: 10.1016/S0892-1997(01)00046-7
    • (2001) J. Voice , vol.15 , pp. 457-468
    • Weiss, R.1    Brown, W.S.2    Moris, J.3
  • 60
    • 0018901072 scopus 로고
    • Age and changes in vocal jitter
    • doi: 10.1093/geronj/35.2.194
    • Wilcox, K. A., and Horii, Y. (1980). Age and changes in vocal jitter. J. Gerontol. 35, 194-198. doi: 10.1093/geronj/35.2.194
    • (1980) J. Gerontol. , vol.35 , pp. 194-198
    • Wilcox, K.A.1    Horii, Y.2
  • 61
    • 70349148884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of voice change on singing pitch accuracy in young male singers
    • Willis, E. C., and Kenny, D. T. (2008). Effect of voice change on singing pitch accuracy in young male singers. J. Interdiscip. Music Stud. 2, 111-119.
    • (2008) J. Interdiscip. Music Stud. , vol.2 , pp. 111-119
    • Willis, E.C.1    Kenny, D.T.2
  • 62
    • 0020319209 scopus 로고
    • Harmonics-to-noise ratio as an index of the degree of hoarseness
    • doi: 10.1121/1.387808
    • Yumoto, E., Gould, W. J., and Baer, T. (1982). Harmonics-to-noise ratio as an index of the degree of hoarseness. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 71, 1544-1550. doi: 10.1121/1.387808
    • (1982) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.71 , pp. 1544-1550
    • Yumoto, E.1    Gould, W.J.2    Baer, T.3
  • 63
    • 0030300579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Wide-Eyed" and "Crooked-Faced": determinants of perceived and real honesty across the life span
    • doi: 10.1177/01461672962212006
    • Zebrowitz, L. A., Voinescu, L., and Collins, M. A. (1996). "Wide-Eyed" and "Crooked-Faced": determinants of perceived and real honesty across the life span. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 22, 1258-1269. doi: 10.1177/01461672962212006
    • (1996) Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. , vol.22 , pp. 1258-1269
    • Zebrowitz, L.A.1    Voinescu, L.2    Collins, M.A.3
  • 64
    • 0002028884 scopus 로고
    • What sounds beautiful is good: the vocal attractiveness stereotype
    • doi: 10.1007/BF00990791
    • Zuckerman, M., and Driver, R. E. (1989). What sounds beautiful is good: the vocal attractiveness stereotype. J. Nonverbal Behav. 13, 67-82. doi: 10.1007/BF00990791
    • (1989) J. Nonverbal Behav. , vol.13 , pp. 67-82
    • Zuckerman, M.1    Driver, R.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.