메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 3327-3359

Temporal trends and correlates of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and physical fitness among school-aged children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review

Author keywords

Adolescent; Child; Motor activity; Physical fitness; Sedentary lifestyle; Sub Saharan Africa

Indexed keywords

CHILD WELFARE; CORRELATION; FITNESS; LIFESTYLE; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS; TREND ANALYSIS; YOUNG POPULATION;

EID: 84897888396     PISSN: 16617827     EISSN: 16604601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110303327     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (130)

References (98)
  • 4
    • 0021045429 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiologic transition theory: A preliminary update
    • Omran, A. The epidemiologic transition theory: A preliminary update. J. Trop. Pediatr. 1983, 29, 305-316.
    • (1983) J. Trop. Pediatr , vol.29 , pp. 305-316
    • Omran, A.1
  • 5
    • 9444228819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nutrition transition: Worldwide obesity dynamics and their determinants
    • Popkin, B.M.; Gordon-Larsen, P. The nutrition transition: Worldwide obesity dynamics and their determinants. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 2004, 28, S2-S9.
    • (2004) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord , vol.28
    • Popkin, B.M.1    Gordon-Larsen, P.2
  • 6
    • 0032009376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nutrition transition and its health implications in lower income countries
    • Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11 3354
    • Popkin, B. The nutrition transition and its health implications in lower income countries. Public Health Nutr. 1998, 1, 5-21. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11 3354
    • (1998) Public Health Nutr , vol.1 , pp. 5-21
    • Popkin, B.1
  • 7
    • 84897868057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Child's Right to Healthy, Active Living-Building Capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa to Curb the Impeding Physical Activity Transition: The KIDS-CAN Research Alliance
    • Bennett, S., Pare, M., Eds.; University of Ottawa Press: Ottawa, ON, Canada
    • Tremblay, M.S.; Onywera, V.; Adamo, K.B. A Child's Right to Healthy, Active Living-Building Capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa to Curb the Impeding Physical Activity Transition: The KIDS-CAN Research Alliance. In 20th Anniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child; Bennett, S., Pare, M., Eds.; University of Ottawa Press: Ottawa, ON, Canada, 2010; pp. 97-110.
    • (2010) 20th Anniversary of the Convention On the Rights of the Child , pp. 97-110
    • Tremblay, M.S.1    Onywera, V.2    Adamo, K.B.3
  • 9
    • 0037255781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cazorla, G. Secular trends in the performance of children and adolescents (1980-2000): An analysis of 55 studies of the 20m shuttle run test in 11 countries
    • Tomkinson, G.R.; Léger, L.A.; Olds, T.S.; Cazorla, G. Secular trends in the performance of children and adolescents (1980-2000): An analysis of 55 studies of the 20m shuttle run test in 11 countries. Sport. Med. 2003, 33, 285-300.
    • (2003) Sport. Med , vol.33 , pp. 285-300
    • Tomkinson, G.R.1    Léger, L.A.2    Olds, T.S.3
  • 10
    • 0029991757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and health
    • Powell, K.; Pratt, M. Physical activity and health. BMJ 1996, 313, 126-127.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.313 , pp. 126-127
    • Powell, K.1    Pratt, M.2
  • 11
    • 79952843812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity for health: What kind? How much? How intense? On top of what
    • Powell, K.E.; Paluch, A.E.; Blair, S.N. Physical activity for health: What kind? How much? How intense? On top of what? Annu. Rev. Public Health 2011, 32, 349-365.
    • (2011) Annu. Rev. Public Health , vol.32 , pp. 349-365
    • Powell, K.E.1    Paluch, A.E.2    Blair, S.N.3
  • 14
    • 84897905222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines. Available online, (accessed on 20 August 2013)
    • Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines. Available online: www.csep.ca/guidelines (accessed on 20 August 2013).
  • 15
    • 0021798918 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health-related research
    • Caspersen, C.J.; Powell, K.E.; Christenson, G.M. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985, 100, 126-131.
    • (1985) Public Health Rep , vol.100 , pp. 126-131
    • Caspersen, C.J.1    Powell, K.E.2    Christenson, G.M.3
  • 16
    • 84899898777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of an overweight/obesity transition among school-aged children and youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review
    • in press
    • Muthuri, S.K.; Francis, C.E.; Wachira, L.M.; LeBlanc, A.G.; Sampson, M.; Onywera, V.O.; Tremblay, M.S. Evidence of an overweight/obesity transition among school-aged children and youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. PLoS One 2014, in press.
    • (2014) PLoS One
    • Muthuri, S.K.1    Francis, C.E.2    Wachira, L.M.3    Leblanc, A.G.4    Sampson, M.5    Onywera, V.O.6    Tremblay, M.S.7
  • 17
    • 84897833258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PROSPERO Network. Available online, (accessed on 18 March 2014)
    • The PROSPERO Network. Available online: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ (accessed on 18 March 2014).
  • 18
    • 0031754739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions
    • Downs, S.H.; Black, N. The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 1998, 52, 377-384.
    • (1998) J. Epidemiol. Community Health , vol.52 , pp. 377-384
    • Downs, S.H.1    Black, N.2
  • 19
    • 0014180365 scopus 로고
    • Inter-racial comparison of tests of physical fitness on high school children at Cape Town
    • Sloan, A.W.; Wiggett, R. Inter-racial comparison of tests of physical fitness on high school children at Cape Town. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 1967, 7, 192-197.
    • (1967) J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness , vol.7 , pp. 192-197
    • Sloan, A.W.1    Wiggett, R.2
  • 20
    • 0014497381 scopus 로고
    • Physical work capacity and nutritional status in Ethiopian male children and young adults
    • Areskog, N.H.; Selinus, R.; Vahlquist, B. Physical work capacity and nutritional status in Ethiopian male children and young adults. Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 1969, 22, 471-479.
    • (1969) Amer. J. Clin. Nutr , vol.22 , pp. 471-479
    • Areskog, N.H.1    Selinus, R.2    Vahlquist, B.3
  • 22
    • 0022256830 scopus 로고
    • Minimum muscular fitness of urban Tswana children
    • Corlett, J.T. Minimum muscular fitness of urban Tswana children. Child. Care Health Dev. 1985, 11, 37-43.
    • (1985) Child. Care Health Dev , vol.11 , pp. 37-43
    • Corlett, J.T.1
  • 23
    • 0022982458 scopus 로고
    • Schistosomiasis: Its effects on the physical performance of school children in Zimbabwe
    • Ndamba, J. Schistosomiasis: Its effects on the physical performance of school children in Zimbabwe. Cent. Afr. J. Med. 1986, 32, 289-293.
    • (1986) Cent. Afr. J. Med , vol.32 , pp. 289-293
    • Ndamba, J.1
  • 24
    • 0023693114 scopus 로고
    • Strength development of Tswana children
    • Corlett, J.T. Strength development of Tswana children. Hum. Biol. 1988, 60, 569-577.
    • (1988) Hum. Biol , vol.60 , pp. 569-577
    • Corlett, J.T.1
  • 25
    • 0026517895 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and anthropometric and functional characteristics of mildly malnourished Senegalese children
    • Benefice, E. Physical activity and anthropometric and functional characteristics of mildly malnourished Senegalese children. Ann. Trop. Paediatr. 1992, 12, 55-66.
    • (1992) Ann. Trop. Paediatr , vol.12 , pp. 55-66
    • Benefice, E.1
  • 26
    • 0030224101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk profiles for non-communicable diseases in rural and urban schoolchildren in the Republic of Cameroon
    • Proctor, M.H.; Moore, L.L.; Singer, M.R.; Hood, M.Y.; Nguyen, U.S.; Ellison, R.C. Risk profiles for non-communicable diseases in rural and urban schoolchildren in the Republic of Cameroon. Ethn. Dis. 1996, 6, 235-243.
    • (1996) Ethn. Dis , vol.6 , pp. 235-243
    • Proctor, M.H.1    Moore, L.L.2    Singer, M.R.3    Hood, M.Y.4    Nguyen, U.S.5    Ellison, R.C.6
  • 27
    • 0030187988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body Size, Body composition and motor performances of mild-to-moderately undernourished Senegalese children
    • Benefice, E.; Malina, R. Body Size, Body composition and motor performances of mild-to-moderately undernourished Senegalese children. Ann. Hum. Biol. 1996, 23, 307-321.
    • (1996) Ann. Hum. Biol , vol.23 , pp. 307-321
    • Benefice, E.1    Malina, R.2
  • 28
    • 33044504474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and Motor Performances of Rural Senegalese Children
    • Parizkova, J., Hills, A.P., Eds.; Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers: Brisbane, QLD, Australia
    • Benefice, E. Growth and Motor Performances of Rural Senegalese Children. In Physical Fitness and Nutrition during Growth; Parizkova, J., Hills, A.P., Eds.; Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers: Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 1998.
    • (1998) Physical Fitness and Nutrition During Growth
    • Benefice, E.1
  • 29
    • 28844506439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional Status, Physical Fitness and Physical Activity In Children and Youth In Maputo (Mozambique)
    • Parizkova, J., Hills, A.P., Eds.; Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers: Brisbane, QLD, Australia
    • Prista, A. Nutritional Status, Physical Fitness and Physical Activity in Children and Youth in Maputo (Mozambique). In Physical Fitness and Nutrition during Growth; Parizkova, J., Hills, A.P., Eds.; Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers: Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 1998, pp. 117-131.
    • (1998) Physical Fitness and Nutrition During Growth , pp. 117-131
    • Prista, A.1
  • 30
    • 18744434636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity patterns of rural Senegalese adolescent girls during the dry and rainy seasons measured by movement registration and direct observation methods
    • Benefice, E.; Came, C. Physical activity patterns of rural Senegalese adolescent girls during the dry and rainy seasons measured by movement registration and direct observation methods. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999, 53, 636-643
    • (1999) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr , vol.53 , pp. 636-643
    • Benefice, E.1    Came, C.2
  • 31
    • 0035183353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of habitual physical activity in west African adolescent girls and relationship to maturation, growth, and nutritional status: Results from a 3-year prospective study
    • Benefice, E.; Garnier, D.; Ndiaye, G. High levels of habitual physical activity in west African adolescent girls and relationship to maturation, growth, and nutritional status: Results from a 3-year prospective study. Amer. J. Human Biol. 2001, 13, 808-820.
    • (2001) Amer. J. Human Biol , vol.13 , pp. 808-820
    • Benefice, E.1    Garnier, D.2    Ndiaye, G.3
  • 32
    • 0035082541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of physical activity among rural Senegalese adolescent girls: Influence of age, sexual maturation, and body composition
    • Benefice, E.; Garnier, D.; Ndiaye, G. Assessment of physical activity among rural Senegalese adolescent girls: Influence of age, sexual maturation, and body composition. J. Adolesc. Health 2001, 28, 319-327.
    • (2001) J. Adolesc. Health , vol.28 , pp. 319-327
    • Benefice, E.1    Garnier, D.2    Ndiaye, G.3
  • 33
    • 0035141677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitual physical activity of Senegalese adolescent girls under different working conditions, as assessed by a questionnaire and movement registration
    • Garnier, D.; Benefice, E. Habitual physical activity of Senegalese adolescent girls under different working conditions, as assessed by a questionnaire and movement registration. Ann. Hum. Biol. 2001, 28, 79-97.
    • (2001) Ann. Hum. Biol , vol.28 , pp. 79-97
    • Garnier, D.1    Benefice, E.2
  • 34
    • 0037392344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropometric indicators of nutritional status: Implications for fitness, activity, and health in school-age children and adolescents from Maputo, Mozambique
    • Prista, A.; Maia, J.A.; Damasceno, A.; Beunen, G. Anthropometric indicators of nutritional status: implications for fitness, activity, and health in school-age children and adolescents from Maputo, Mozambique. Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003, 77, 952-959.
    • (2003) Amer. J. Clin. Nutr , vol.77 , pp. 952-959
    • Prista, A.1    Maia, J.A.2    Damasceno, A.3    Beunen, G.4
  • 35
    • 4344635476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between physical activity and bone mass in black and white South African children at age 9
    • McVeigh, J.A.; Norris, S.A.; Cameron, N.; Pettifor, J.M. Associations between physical activity and bone mass in black and white South African children at age 9. J. Appl. Physiol. 2004, 97, 1006-1012.
    • (2004) J. Appl. Physiol , vol.97 , pp. 1006-1012
    • McVeigh, J.A.1    Norris, S.A.2    Cameron, N.3    Pettifor, J.M.4
  • 36
    • 3042561611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between socio-economic status and physical activity patterns in South African children
    • McVeigh, J.A.; Norris, S.A.; de Wet, T. The relationship between socio-economic status and physical activity patterns in South African children. Acta Paediatr. 2004, 93, 982-988.
    • (2004) Acta Paediatr , vol.93 , pp. 982-988
    • McVeigh, J.A.1    Norris, S.A.2    de Wet, T.3
  • 38
    • 1942455310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body dimensions, exercise capacity and physical activity level of adolescent Nandi boys in western Kenya
    • Larsen, H.B.; Christensen, D.L.; Nolan, T.; Sondergaard, H. Body dimensions, exercise capacity and physical activity level of adolescent Nandi boys in western Kenya. Ann. Hum. Biol. 2004, 31, 159-173.
    • (2004) Ann. Hum. Biol , vol.31 , pp. 159-173
    • Larsen, H.B.1    Christensen, D.L.2    Nolan, T.3    Sondergaard, H.4
  • 39
    • 1342289720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional status, growth and sleep habits among Senegalese adolescent girls
    • Benefice, E.; Garnier, D.; Ndiaye, G. Nutritional status, growth and sleep habits among Senegalese adolescent girls. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004, 58, 292-301.
    • (2004) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr , vol.58 , pp. 292-301
    • Benefice, E.1    Garnier, D.2    Ndiaye, G.3
  • 40
    • 84872232077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size, body composition and physical fitness of 7-years-old Ellisras rural children, South Africa: Ellisras Longitudinal Study (ELS)
    • Monyeki, M.A.; Toriola, A.L.; Monyeki, K.D.; Brits, S.J.; Pienaar, A.E. Body size, body composition and physical fitness of 7-years-old Ellisras rural children, South Africa: Ellisras Longitudinal Study (ELS). Afri. J. Phys. Health Educ. Recreat. Dance 2004, 10, 154-162.
    • (2004) Afri. J. Phys. Health Educ. Recreat. Dance , vol.10 , pp. 154-162
    • Monyeki, M.A.1    Toriola, A.L.2    Monyeki, K.D.3    Brits, S.J.4    Pienaar, A.E.5
  • 42
    • 22344455345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between anthropometry, cardiorespiratory fitness indices and physical activity levels in different age and sex groups in rural Senegal (west Africa)
    • Benefice, E.; Ndiaye, G. Relationships between anthropometry, cardiorespiratory fitness indices and physical activity levels in different age and sex groups in rural Senegal (west Africa). Ann. Hum. Biol. 2005, 32, 366-382.
    • (2005) Ann. Hum. Biol , vol.32 , pp. 366-382
    • Benefice, E.1    Ndiaye, G.2
  • 43
    • 33645665722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of estimated maximal oxygen uptake in 9 and 10 year old schoolchildren in Tanzania and Norway
    • Aandstad, A.; Berntsen, S.; Hageberg, R.; Klasson-Heggebo, L.; Anderssen, S.A. A comparison of estimated maximal oxygen uptake in 9 and 10 year old schoolchildren in Tanzania and Norway. BJSM Online 2006, 40, 287-292.
    • (2006) BJSM Online , vol.40 , pp. 287-292
    • Aandstad, A.1    Berntsen, S.2    Hageberg, R.3    Klasson-Heggebo, L.4    Anderssen, S.A.5
  • 44
    • 33646529642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliable method to estimate characteristics of sleep and physical inactivity in free-living conditions using accelerometry
    • Garnier, D.; Benefice, E. Reliable method to estimate characteristics of sleep and physical inactivity in free-living conditions using accelerometry. Ann. Epidemiol. 2006, 16, 364-369.
    • (2006) Ann. Epidemiol , vol.16 , pp. 364-369
    • Garnier, D.1    Benefice, E.2
  • 45
    • 33744813016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional profiles, physical development and daily activities of African children in zimbabwe with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Djarova, T.; Dube, S.; Tivchev, G.; Chivengo, A. Nutritional profiles, physical development and daily activities of African children in zimbabwe with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. S. Afr. J. Sci. 2006, 102, 4-6.
    • (2006) S. Afr. J. Sci , vol.102 , pp. 4-6
    • Djarova, T.1    Dube, S.2    Tivchev, G.3    Chivengo, A.4
  • 46
    • 33745632783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness of black African early adolescents with and without mild mental retardation
    • Onyewadume, I.U. Fitness of black African early adolescents with and without mild mental retardation. APAQ 2006, 23, 277-292.
    • (2006) APAQ , vol.23 , pp. 277-292
    • Onyewadume, I.U.1
  • 48
    • 34447310279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal relationships between nutritional status, body composition, and physical fitness in rural children of South Africa: The Ellisras longitudinal study
    • Monyeki, M.A.; Koppes, L.L.; Monyeki, K.D.; Kemper, H.C.; Twisk, J.W. Longitudinal relationships between nutritional status, body composition, and physical fitness in rural children of South Africa: The Ellisras longitudinal study. Amer. J. Human Biol. 2007, 19, 551-558.
    • (2007) Amer. J. Human Biol , vol.19 , pp. 551-558
    • Monyeki, M.A.1    Koppes, L.L.2    Monyeki, K.D.3    Kemper, H.C.4    Twisk, J.W.5
  • 49
    • 34347351932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strong inverse association between physical fitness and overweight in adolescents: A large school-based survey
    • doi:10.1186/1479-5868-4-24
    • Bovet, P.; Auguste, R.; Burdette, H. Strong inverse association between physical fitness and overweight in adolescents: A large school-based survey. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2007, 4, doi:10.1186/1479-5868-4-24.
    • (2007) Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act , vol.4
    • Bovet, P.1    Auguste, R.2    Burdette, H.3
  • 50
    • 82255174063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and physical fitness of socially disadvantaged boys and girls aged 8-17 years living in the Western Cape, South Africa
    • Travill, A.L. Growth and physical fitness of socially disadvantaged boys and girls aged 8-17 years living in the Western Cape, South Africa. Afri. J. Phys. Health Educ. Recreat. Dance 2007, 13, 279-293.
    • (2007) Afri. J. Phys. Health Educ. Recreat. Dance , vol.13 , pp. 279-293
    • Travill, A.L.1
  • 51
    • 42449119375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between fat patterns, physical fitness and blood pressure of rural South African children: Ellisras longitudinal growth and health study
    • Monyeki, K.D.; Kemper, H.C.; Makgae, P.J. Relationship between fat patterns, physical fitness and blood pressure of rural South African children: Ellisras longitudinal growth and health study. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2008, 22, 311-319.
    • (2008) J. Hum. Hypertens , vol.22 , pp. 311-319
    • Monyeki, K.D.1    Kemper, H.C.2    Makgae, P.J.3
  • 52
    • 57349135749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical fitness and the physical activity status of 15-year-old adolescents in a semi-urban community
    • Lennox, A.; Pienaar, A.E.; Wilders, C. Physical fitness and the physical activity status of 15-year-old adolescents in a semi-urban community. S. Afr. J. Re.s Sport Phys. Educ. Recreat. 2008, 30, 59-73.
    • (2008) S. Afr. J. Re.s Sport Phys. Educ. Recreat , vol.30 , pp. 59-73
    • Lennox, A.1    Pienaar, A.E.2    Wilders, C.3
  • 54
    • 67650340441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma symptoms in rural living Tanzanian children; prevalence and the relation to aerobic fitness and body fat
    • Berntsen, S.; Lodrup Carlsen, K.C.; Hageberg, R.; Aandstad, A.; Mowinckel, P.; Anderssen, S.A.; Carlsen, K.H. Asthma symptoms in rural living Tanzanian children; prevalence and the relation to aerobic fitness and body fat. Allergy 2009, 64, 1166-1171.
    • (2009) Allergy , vol.64 , pp. 1166-1171
    • Berntsen, S.1    Lodrup, C.K.C.2    Hageberg, R.3    Aandstad, A.4    Mowinckel, P.5    Anderssen, S.A.6    Carlsen, K.H.7
  • 55
    • 70349593726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health behavior and protective factors among school children in four African countries
    • Peltzer, K. Health behavior and protective factors among school children in four African countries. Int. J. Behav. Med. 2009, 16, 172-180.
    • (2009) Int. J. Behav. Med , vol.16 , pp. 172-180
    • Peltzer, K.1
  • 56
    • 78149358559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leisure time physical activity and sedentary behavior and substance use among in-school adolescents in eight African countries
    • Peltzer, K. Leisure time physical activity and sedentary behavior and substance use among in-school adolescents in eight African countries. Int. J. Behav. Med. 2010, 17, 271-278.
    • (2010) Int. J. Behav. Med , vol.17 , pp. 271-278
    • Peltzer, K.1
  • 57
    • 78650849817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significant differences between serum crp levels in children in different categories of physical activity: The PLAY study
    • Harmse, B.; Kruger, H.S. Significant differences between serum crp levels in children in different categories of physical activity: The PLAY study. Cardiovasc. J. Afr. 2010, 21, 316-322.
    • (2010) Cardiovasc. J. Afr , vol.21 , pp. 316-322
    • Harmse, B.1    Kruger, H.S.2
  • 58
    • 77956057944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and body mass index of school children and adolescents in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria
    • Senbanjo, I.O.; Oshikoya, K.A. Physical activity and body mass index of school children and adolescents in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria. World J. Pediatr. 2010, 6, 217-222.
    • (2010) World J. Pediatr , vol.6 , pp. 217-222
    • Senbanjo, I.O.1    Oshikoya, K.A.2
  • 59
    • 84856996165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between overweight, obesity and physical fitness of nine- to twelve-year-old South African children
    • Truter, L.; Pienaar, A.E.; Du Toit, D. Relationships between overweight, obesity and physical fitness of nine- to twelve-year-old South African children. S. Afr. Fam. Pract. 2010, 52, 227-233.
    • (2010) S. Afr. Fam. Pract , vol.52 , pp. 227-233
    • Truter, L.1    Pienaar, A.E.2    du Toit, D.3
  • 60
    • 84855502464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity levels of senior secondary school students in Ibadan, Western Nigeria
    • Odunaiya, N.A.; Ayodele, O.A.; Oguntibeju, O.O. Physical activity levels of senior secondary school students in Ibadan, Western Nigeria. West. Indian Med. J. 2010, 59, 529-534.
    • (2010) West. Indian Med. J , vol.59 , pp. 529-534
    • Odunaiya, N.A.1    Ayodele, O.A.2    Oguntibeju, O.O.3
  • 61
    • 79959990924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between parental socio-economic status and casual blood pressure in Coastal Nigerian adolescents
    • Ansa, V.O.; Anah, M.U.; Odey, F.A.; Mbu, P.N.; Agbor, E.I. Relationship between parental socio-economic status and casual blood pressure in Coastal Nigerian adolescents. West Afr. J. Med. 2010, 29, 146-152.
    • (2010) West Afr. J. Med , vol.29 , pp. 146-152
    • Ansa, V.O.1    Anah, M.U.2    Odey, F.A.3    Mbu, P.N.4    Agbor, E.I.5
  • 62
    • 79955819648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression and physical activity in a sample of Nigerian adolescents: Levels, relationships and predictors
    • doi:10.1186/1753-2000-5-16
    • Adeniyi, A.F.; Okafor, N.C.; Adeniyi, C.Y. Depression and physical activity in a sample of Nigerian adolescents: Levels, relationships and predictors. Child. Adolescent Psychiatr. Mental Health 2011, 5, doi:10.1186/1753-2000-5-16.
    • (2011) Child. Adolescent Psychiatr. Mental Health , vol.5
    • Adeniyi, A.F.1    Okafor, N.C.2    Adeniyi, C.Y.3
  • 63
    • 80055065480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overweight and obesity and associated factors among school-aged adolescents in Ghana and Uganda
    • Peltzer, K.; Pengpid, S. Overweight and obesity and associated factors among school-aged adolescents in Ghana and Uganda. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 3859-3870.
    • (2011) Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health , vol.8 , pp. 3859-3870
    • Peltzer, K.1    Pengpid, S.2
  • 64
    • 80052025291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and weight status in treatment-naive 12-16 year old adolescents with alcohol use disorders in Cape Town, South Africa
    • doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-87
    • Naude, C.E.; Senekal, M.; Laubscher, R.; Carey, P.D.; Fein, G. Growth and weight status in treatment-naive 12-16 year old adolescents with alcohol use disorders in Cape Town, South Africa. Nutr. J. 2011, 10, doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-87.
    • (2011) Nutr. J , vol.10
    • Naude, C.E.1    Senekal, M.2    Laubscher, R.3    Carey, P.D.4    Fein, G.5
  • 65
    • 79960752607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pedometer-determined physical activity of western Kenyan children
    • Croteau, K.; Schofield, G.; Towle, G.; Suresh, V. Pedometer-determined physical activity of western Kenyan children. J. Phys. Act. Health 2011, 8, 824-828.
    • (2011) J. Phys. Act. Health , vol.8 , pp. 824-828
    • Croteau, K.1    Schofield, G.2    Towle, G.3    Suresh, V.4
  • 66
  • 67
    • 79956128981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy and nutrient intakes in relation to sex and socio-economic status among school adolescents in urban Cameroon, Africa
    • Dapi, L.N.; Hornell, A.; Janlert, U.; Stenlund, H.; Larsson, C. Energy and nutrient intakes in relation to sex and socio-economic status among school adolescents in urban Cameroon, Africa. Public Health Nutr. 2011, 14, 904-913.
    • (2011) Public Health Nutr , vol.14 , pp. 904-913
    • Dapi, L.N.1    Hornell, A.2    Janlert, U.3    Stenlund, H.4    Larsson, C.5
  • 68
    • 84861862905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Underweight and overweight in primary school children in Ethekwini district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
    • Puckree, T.; Naidoo, P.; Pill, P.; Naidoo, T. Underweight and overweight in primary school children in Ethekwini district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Afr. J. Primary Health Care Fam. Med. 2011, 3, 1-6.
    • (2011) Afr. J. Primary Health Care Fam. Med , vol.3 , pp. 1-6
    • Puckree, T.1    Naidoo, P.2    Pill, P.3    Naidoo, T.4
  • 69
    • 84857011726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical fitness of South African primary school children, 6 to 13 years of age: Discovery vitality health of the nation study
    • Armstrong, M.E.; Lambert, E.V.; Lambert, M.I. Physical fitness of South African primary school children, 6 to 13 years of age: Discovery vitality health of the nation study. Percept. Mot. Skills 2011, 113, 999-1016.
    • (2011) Percept. Mot. Skills , vol.113 , pp. 999-1016
    • Armstrong, M.E.1    Lambert, E.V.2    Lambert, M.I.3
  • 70
    • 79960026377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Child obesity and fitness levels among Kenyan and Canadian children from urban and rural environments: A KIDS-CAN research alliance study
    • Adamo, K.B.; Sheel, A.W.; Onywera, V.; Waudo, J.; Boit, M.; Tremblay, M.S. Child obesity and fitness levels among Kenyan and Canadian children from urban and rural environments: A KIDS-CAN research alliance study. Int. J. Pediatr. Obes. 2011, 6, 225-232.
    • (2011) Int. J. Pediatr. Obes , vol.6 , pp. 225-232
    • Adamo, K.B.1    Sheel, A.W.2    Onywera, V.3    Waudo, J.4    Boit, M.5    Tremblay, M.S.6
  • 71
    • 84869393207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated salivary c-reactive protein predicted by low cardio-respiratory fitness and being overweight in African children
    • Naidoo, T.; Konkol, K.; Biccard, B.; Dudose, K.; McKune, A.J. Elevated salivary c-reactive protein predicted by low cardio-respiratory fitness and being overweight in African children. Cardiovasc. J. Afr. 2012, 23, 501-506.
    • (2012) Cardiovasc. J. Afr , vol.23 , pp. 501-506
    • Naidoo, T.1    Konkol, K.2    Biccard, B.3    Dudose, K.4    McKune, A.J.5
  • 72
    • 84866550634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness, and blood pressure associations in Nigerian youth
    • Musa, D.I.; Williams, C.A. Cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness, and blood pressure associations in Nigerian youth. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2012, 44, 1978-1985.
    • (2012) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc , vol.44 , pp. 1978-1985
    • Musa, D.I.1    Williams, C.A.2
  • 73
    • 84861332603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between body composition and physical fitness in 14 year old adolescents residing within the tlokwe local municipality, South Africa: The PAHL study
    • doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-374
    • Monyeki, M.A.; Neetens, R.; Moss, S.J.; Twisk, J. The relationship between body composition and physical fitness in 14 year old adolescents residing within the tlokwe local municipality, South Africa: The PAHL study. BMC Public Health 2012, 12, doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-374.
    • (2012) BMC Public Health , vol.12
    • Monyeki, M.A.1    Neetens, R.2    Moss, S.J.3    Twisk, J.4
  • 75
    • 84855552971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of urbanization on objectively measured physical activity levels, sedentary time, and indices of adiposity in Kenyan adolescents
    • Ojiambo, R.M.; Easton, C.; Casajus, J.A.; Konstabel, K.; Reilly, J.J.; Pitsiladis, Y. Effect of urbanization on objectively measured physical activity levels, sedentary time, and indices of adiposity in Kenyan adolescents. J. Phys. Act. Health 2012, 9, 115-123.
    • (2012) J. Phys. Act. Health , vol.9 , pp. 115-123
    • Ojiambo, R.M.1    Easton, C.2    Casajus, J.A.3    Konstabel, K.4    Reilly, J.J.5    Pitsiladis, Y.6
  • 76
    • 84897840701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of a sport-for-development programme on the physical activity levels of young adolescent boys in gulu, northern uganda
    • Proceedings of the Be Active 2012 Conference, Sydney, Australia, 26-28 September
    • Richards, J.; Foster, C. The Impact of a Sport-for-Development Programme on the Physical Activity Levels of Young Adolescent Boys in Gulu, Northern Uganda. In Proceedings of the Be Active 2012 Conference, Sydney, Australia, 26-28 September 2012; pp. S257-S258.
    • (2012) Proceedings of the Be Active 2012 Conference
    • Richards, J.1    Foster, C.2
  • 78
    • 84897828903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Relationship of Body Composition with Physical Fitness in the 14 Adolescents Residing within the Tlokwe Local Municipality, South Africa: The PAHL Study
    • Sydney, Australia, 26-28 September
    • Monyeki, M.; Neetens, R.; Moss, S.; Twisk, J. The Relationship of Body Composition with Physical Fitness in the 14 Adolescents Residing within the Tlokwe Local Municipality, South Africa: The PAHL Study. In Proceedings of the Be Active 2012 Conference, Sydney, Australia, 26-28 September 2012; pp. S170-S171.
    • (2012) Proceedings of the Be Active 2012 Conference
    • Monyeki, M.1    Neetens, R.2    Moss, S.3    Twisk, J.4
  • 79
    • 84897842189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between Physical Activity with BMI and Percentage Body Fat among Girls by Locality in Tlokwe Local Municipality, South Africa: The PAHL-study
    • Sydney, Australia, 26-28 September
    • Monyeki, M.; Mamabolo, R. Relationships between Physical Activity with BMI and Percentage Body Fat among Girls by Locality in Tlokwe Local Municipality, South Africa: The PAHL-study. In Proceedings of the Be Active 2012 Conference, Sydney, Australia, 26-28 September 2012; p. S42.
    • (2012) Proceedings of the Be Active 2012 Conference
    • Monyeki, M.1    Mamabolo, R.2
  • 80
    • 84869122024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of overweight and obesity to the motor performance of children living in South Africa
    • Truter, L.; Pienaar, A.E.; Toit, D. The relationship of overweight and obesity to the motor performance of children living in South Africa. S. Afr. Fam. Pract. 2012, 54, 429-435.
    • (2012) S. Afr. Fam. Pract , vol.54 , pp. 429-435
    • Truter, L.1    Pienaar, A.E.2    Toit, D.3
  • 81
    • 84867894040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socio-economic status and obesity in children in Africa
    • doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01023.x
    • Bovet, P.; Paccaud, F.; Chiolero, A. Socio-economic status and obesity in children in Africa. Obes. Rev. 2012, 13, doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01023.x.
    • (2012) Obes. Rev , vol.13
    • Bovet, P.1    Paccaud, F.2    Chiolero, A.3
  • 82
    • 84864195832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change over three years in adolescents' physical activity levels and patterns after a physical activity intervention: PLAY study
    • Pienaar, A.E.; Salome, K.H.; Steyn, H.S.; Naude, D. Change over three years in adolescents' physical activity levels and patterns after a physical activity intervention: PLAY study. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 2012, 52, 300-310.
    • (2012) J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness , vol.52 , pp. 300-310
    • Pienaar, A.E.1    Salome, K.H.2    Steyn, H.S.3    Naude, D.4
  • 83
    • 84897889979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health-related fitness, body composition and physical activity status among adolescent learners: The PAHL study
    • Toriola, O.M.; Monyeki, M.A. Health-related fitness, body composition and physical activity status among adolescent learners: The PAHL study. Afr. J. Phys. Health Educ. Recreat. Dance 2012, 18, 795-811.
    • (2012) Afr. J. Phys. Health Educ. Recreat. Dance , vol.18 , pp. 795-811
    • Toriola, O.M.1    Monyeki, M.A.2
  • 84
    • 84897822962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Best to Assess Unhealthy Weight Status? In Proceedings of Archives of Disease in Childhood Conference: Annual Conference of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Glasgow
    • May
    • Craig, E.M.; Reilly, J.J.; Bland, R.M. How Best to Assess Unhealthy Weight Status? In Proceedings of Archives of Disease in Childhood Conference: Annual Conference of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Glasgow, Scotland, 22-24 May 2012; pp. 45-46.
    • (2012) Scotland , vol.22-24 , pp. 45-46
    • Craig, E.M.1    Reilly, J.J.2    Bland, R.M.3
  • 85
    • 84897867906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between physical activity and indicators of body fatness in Kenyan adolescents
    • Ojiambo, R.M.; Magutah, K.; Thairu, K.; Takahashi, R.; Wilunda, C. The relation between physical activity and indicators of body fatness in Kenyan adolescents. J. Appl. Med. Sci. 2013, 2, 43-59.
    • (2013) J. Appl. Med. Sci , vol.2 , pp. 43-59
    • Ojiambo, R.M.1    Magutah, K.2    Thairu, K.3    Takahashi, R.4    Wilunda, C.5
  • 86
    • 84876554722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body image dissatisfaction is increased in male and overweight/obese adolescents in Botswana
    • doi:10.1155/2013/763624
    • Malete, L.; Motlhoiwa, K.; Shaibu, S.; Wrotniak, B.H.; Maruapula, S.D.; Jackson, J.; Compher, C.W. Body image dissatisfaction is increased in male and overweight/obese adolescents in Botswana. J. Obes. 2013, 2013, doi:10.1155/2013/763624.
    • (2013) J. Obes
    • Malete, L.1    Motlhoiwa, K.2    Shaibu, S.3    Wrotniak, B.H.4    Maruapula, S.D.5    Jackson, J.6    Compher, C.W.7
  • 88
    • 84897896692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between aerobic fitness, muscular fitness, and obesity in children from three countries at different stages of the physical activity transition
    • doi:10.1155/2013/134835
    • Heroux, M.; Onywera, V.O.; Tremblay, M.S.; Adamo, K.B.; Taylor, J.L.; Ulloa, E.J.; Janssen, I. The relation between aerobic fitness, muscular fitness, and obesity in children from three countries at different stages of the physical activity transition. ISRN Obesity 2013, 2013, doi:10.1155/2013/134835.
    • (2013) ISRN Obesity
    • Heroux, M.1    Onywera, V.O.2    Tremblay, M.S.3    Adamo, K.B.4    Taylor, J.L.5    Ulloa, E.J.6    Janssen, I.7
  • 89
    • 68049122102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
    • The PRISMA Group, doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
    • Moher, D.; Liberati, A.; Tetzlaff, J.; Altman, D.G.; The PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009, 6, doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097.
    • (2009) PLoS Med , vol.6
    • Moher, D.1    Liberati, A.2    Tetzlaff, J.3    Altman, D.G.4
  • 90
    • 0031894133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calibration of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. accelerometer
    • Freedson, P.S.; Melanson, E.; Sirard, J. Calibration of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. accelerometer. Med. Sci. Sport. Exercise 1998, 30, 777-781.
    • (1998) Med. Sci. Sport. Exercise , vol.30 , pp. 777-781
    • Freedson, P.S.1    Melanson, E.2    Sirard, J.3
  • 91
    • 0036512411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation and calibration of physical activity monitors in children
    • Puyau, M.R.; Adolph, A.L.; Firoz, A.V.; Butte, N.F. Validation and calibration of physical activity monitors in children. Obes. Res. 2002, 10, 150-157.
    • (2002) Obes. Res , vol.10 , pp. 150-157
    • Puyau, M.R.1    Adolph, A.L.2    Firoz, A.V.3    Butte, N.F.4
  • 92
    • 60449104936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of indirect verses direct measures for assessing physical activity in the pediatric population: A systematic review
    • Adamo, K.B.; Prince, S.A.; Tricco, A.C.; Connor-Gorber, S.; Tremblay, M.S. A comparison of indirect verses direct measures for assessing physical activity in the pediatric population: A systematic review. Int. J. Pediatr. Obes. 2009, 4, 2-27.
    • (2009) Int. J. Pediatr. Obes , vol.4 , pp. 2-27
    • Adamo, K.B.1    Prince, S.A.2    Tricco, A.C.3    Connor-Gorber, S.4    Tremblay, M.S.5
  • 93
    • 0026028986 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity patterns defined by continuous heart rate monitoring
    • Armstrong, N.; Bray, S. Physical activity patterns defined by continuous heart rate monitoring. Arch. Dis. Child. 1991, 66, 245-247.
    • (1991) Arch. Dis. Child , vol.66 , pp. 245-247
    • Armstrong, N.1    Bray, S.2
  • 95
    • 78650350961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Difference between self-reported and accelerometer measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in youth
    • LeBlanc, A.; Janssen, I. Difference between self-reported and accelerometer measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in youth. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 2010, 22, 523-534.
    • (2010) Pediatr. Exerc. Sci , vol.22 , pp. 523-534
    • Leblanc, A.1    Janssen, I.2
  • 96
    • 0037780905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires
    • Shephard, R.J. Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires. Br. J. Sport. Med. 2003, 37, 197-206.
    • (2003) Br. J. Sport. Med , vol.37 , pp. 197-206
    • Shephard, R.J.1
  • 97
    • 0035710944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary: Measuring physical activity in Sub-Saharan Africa
    • Wareham, N.J. Commentary: Measuring physical activity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Int J. Epidemiol 2001, 30, 1369-1370.
    • (2001) Int J. Epidemiol , vol.30 , pp. 1369-1370
    • Wareham, N.J.1
  • 98
    • 33846422032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and diabetes in the developing world: A growing challenge
    • Hossain, P.; Kawar, B.; El Nahas, M. Obesity and diabetes in the developing world: A growing challenge. NEJM 2007, 356, 213-215.
    • (2007) NEJM , vol.356 , pp. 213-215
    • Hossain, P.1    Kawar, B.2    El Nahas, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.