Optimal control of a wind turbine with a variable ratio gearbox for maximum energy capture and prolonged gear life

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Transactions of the ASME

Volumn 136, Issue 3, 2014, Pages

  Shaltout, Mohamed L ^a   Hall, John F ^a   Chen, Dongmei ^a  

^a The University of Texas at Austin   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONTROL APPROACH; ENERGY CAPTURE; MAXIMUM ENERGY CAPTURES; NEW APPROACHES; OPTIMAL CONTROLS; TANGENTIAL FORCE; VARIABLE RATIO; WIND SPEED VARIATIONS;

CONTROL; WIND POWER;

WIND TURBINES;

EID: 84897804133     PISSN: 01996231     EISSN: 15288986     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1115/1.4026676     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Lewis, N., 2007, "Powering the Planet," Mater. Res. Soc. Bull., 32(10), pp. 808-820. (Pubitemid 350161582)
2. Gipe, P., 2004, Wind Power: Renewable Energy for Home, Farm, and Business, Chelsea Green Publishing Co., Post Mills, VT.
3. Lantz, E., Wiser, R., and Hand, M., 2012, "The Past and Future Cost of Wind Energy," National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, Report No. NREL/TP-6A20-53510.
4. Bolinger, M., and Wiser, R., 2008, "Wind Power Price Trends in the United States: Struggling to Remain Competitive in the Face of Strong Growth," Energy Policy, 37(3), pp. 1061-1071.
5. Oyague, F., 2009, "Gearbox Modeling and Load Simulation of a Baseline 750- kW Wind Turbine Using State-of-the-Art Simulation Codes," National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, Report No. NREL/TP-500-41160.
6. Johnson, K., 2004, "Adaptive Torque Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbines," National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, Report No. NREL/TP-500-36265.
7. Sovacool, B. K., 2009, "The Intermittency of Wind, Solar, and Renewable Electricity Generators: Technical Barrier or Rhetorical Excuse?," Util. Policy, 17(3-4), pp. 288-296.
8. Pao, L., and Johnson, K., 2009, "A Tutorial on the Dynamics and Control of Wind Turbines and Wind Farms," American Control Conference (ACC '09), St. Louis, MO, June 10-12, pp. 2076-2089.
9. Polinder, H., Van der Pijl, F., De Vilder, G.-J., and Tavner, P., 2006, "Comparison of Direct-Drive and Geared Generator Concepts for Wind Turbines," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 21(3), pp. 725-733. (Pubitemid 46445161)
10. Bywaters, G., John, V., Lynch, J., Mattila, P., Norton, G., Stowell, J., Salata, M., Labath, O., Chertok, A., and Hablanian, D., 2004, "Northern Power Systems WindPACT Drive Train Alternative Design Study Report," National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, Report No. NREL/SR-500-35524.
11. Muljadi, E., and Butterfield, C., 2001, "Pitch-Controlled Variable Speed Wind Turbine Generation," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 37(1), pp. 240-246. (Pubitemid 32253769)
12. Marques, J., Pinheiro, H., Gründling, H., Pinheiro, J., and Hey, H., 2003, "A Survey on Variable-Speed Wind Turbine System," Congresso Brasileiro de Eletrônica de Potência (COBEP), Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. September 21-24, pp. 732-738.
13. Slootweg, J., and de Vries, E., 2003, "Inside Wind Turbines - Fixed vs. Variable Speed," Renewable Energy World, 6(1), pp. 30-40.
14. Mangialardi, L., and Mantriota, G., 1992, "The Advantages of Using Continuously Variable Transmissions in Wind Power Systems," Renewable Energy, 2(3), pp. 201-209. (Pubitemid 23557845)
15. Rex, A., and Johnson, K., 2009, "Methods for Controlling a Wind Turbine System With a Continuously Variable Transmission in Region 2," ASME J. Sol. Energy Eng., 131(3), p. 031012.
16. Cotrell, J., 2005, "Assessing the Potential of a Mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission for Wind Turbines," National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, Report No. NREL/CP-500-38212.
17. Peeters, J., Vandepitte, D., and Sas, P., 2006, "Analysis of Internal Drive Train Dynamics in a Wind Turbine," Wind Energy, 9(1-2), pp. 141-161. (Pubitemid 43281991)
18. Musial W., and Butterfield, S., 2007, "Improving Wind Turbine Gearbox Reliability," National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, Report No. NREL/CP-500-41548.
19. Oyague, F., Butterfield, C., and Sheng, S., 2009, "Gearbox Reliability Collaborative Analysis Round Robin," National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, Report No. NREL/CP-500-45325.
20. Hall, J., Mecklenborg, C., Chen, D., and Pratap, S., 2011, "Wind Energy Conversion With a Variable-Ratio Gearbox: Design and Analysis," Renewable Energy, 36(3), pp. 1075-1080.
21. Shaltout, M. L., Zhao, N., Hall, J., and Chen, D., 2012, "Wind Turbine Gearbox Control for Maximum Energy Capture and Prolonged Gear Life," 5th ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, October 17-19, ASME Paper No. DSCC2012-MOVIC2012-8719, pp. 33-39.
22. Hau, E., 2006, Wind Turbines: Fundamentals, Technologies, Application, Economics, 2nd ed., Springer, New York.
23. Stiebler, M., 2008, Wind Energy Systems for Electric Power Generation, Springer, Berlin.
24. Heier, S., 2006, Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion Systems, 2nd ed., Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
25. Slootweg, J., Polinder, H., and Kling, W., 2003, "Representing Wind Turbine Electrical Generating Systems in Fundamental Frequency Simulations," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 18(4), pp. 516-524.
26. Anandavel, P., Rajambal, K., and Chellamuthu, C., 2005, "Power Optimization in a Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion System," International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems (PEDS 2005), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, November 28-December 1, pp. 1617-1621.
27. AGMA, 1988, "Fundamental Rating Factors and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur and Helical Gear Teeth," American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA), Alexandria, VA, Standard No. ANSI/AGMA 2001-B88.
28. AGMA, 1993, "Design Guide for Vehicle Spur and Helical Gears," American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA), Alexandria, VA, Standard No. AGMA 6002-B93.
29. Manwell, J., 2009, Wind Energy Explained: Theory, Design and Application, 2nd ed., Wiley, Chichester, UK.
30. Harris, M., Hand, M., and Wright, A., 2006, "LIDAR for Turbine Control," National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, Report No. NREL/TP-500-39154.
31. Hand, M., Wright, A., Fingersh, L., and Harris, M., 2006, "Advanced Wind Turbine Controllers Attenuate Loads When Upwind Velocity Measurements are Inputs," 44th AIAA/ASME Wind Energy Symposium, Reno, NV, January 9-12, AIAA Paper No. 2006-603.