Computing chronodisruption: How to avoid potential chronobiological errors in epidemiological studies of shift work and cancer

Chronobiology International

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 589-599

  Erren, Thomas C ^a   Morfeld, Peter ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

^b EVONIK INDUSTRIES AG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cancer; Chronobiological error; Chronodisruption; Chronotype; Circadian disruption; External time; Internal time; Shift work

Indexed keywords

CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HUMAN; NEOPLASMS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REPRODUCIBILITY; RISK FACTOR; SLEEP DISORDERS, CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TIME;

CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH DESIGN; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RISK FACTORS; SLEEP DISORDERS, CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84897495813     PISSN: 07420528     EISSN: 15256073     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.877921     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Archer SN, Robilliard DL, Skene DJ, et al. (2003). A length polymorphism in the circadian clock gene Per3 is linked to delayed sleep phase syndrome and extreme diurnal preference. Sleep. 26:413-15.
2. Bhatti P, Cushing-Haugen KL, Wicklund KG, et al. (2013). Nightshift work and risk of ovarian cancer. Occup Environ Med. 70:231-7.
3. Checkoway H, Pearce N, Kriebel D. (2004). Research methods in occupational epidemiology, vol. 34, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
4. Dijk DJ, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA. (2000). Contribution of circadian physiology and sleep homeostasis to age-related changes in human sleep. Chronobiol Int. 17:285-311.
5. Duffy JF, Czeisler CA. (2002). Age-related change in the relationship between circadian period, circadian phase, and diurnal preference in humans. Neurosci Lett. 318:117-20.
6. Ehret CF. (1974). The sense of time: Evidence for its molecular basis in the eukaryotic gene-action system. Adv Biol Med Phys. 15:47-77.
7. Erren TC. (2010). Shift work, cancer and "white-box" epidemiology: Association and causation. Epidemiol Perspect Innov. 30: 7-11.
8. Erren TC. (2013). Shift work and cancer research: Can chronotype predict susceptibility in night-shift and rotating shift workers? Occup Environ Med. 70:283-4.
9. Erren TC, Morfeld P. (2013). Shift work and cancer research: A thought experiment into a possible chronobiological fallacy of past and perspectives for future epidemiological studies. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 34:282-6.
10. Erren TC, Pape HG, Reiter RJ, Piekarski C. (2008). Chronodisruption and cancer. Naturwissenschaften. 95:367-82.
11. Erren TC, Reiter RJ. (2008). A generalized theory of carcinogenesis due to chronodisruption. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 29:815-21.
12. Erren TC, Reiter RJ. (2009). Defining chronodisruption. J Pineal Res. 46:245-7.
13. Erren TC, Reiter RJ. (2013). Revisiting chronodisruption: When the physiological nexus between internal and external times splits in humans. Naturwissenschaften. 100:291-8.
14. Erren TC, Reiter RJ, Piekarski C. (2003). Light, timing of biological rhythms, and chronodisruption in man. Naturwissenschaften. 90:485-94.
15. Folkard S, Monk TH, Lobban MC. (1979). Towards a predictive test of adjustment to shift work. Ergonomics. 22:79-91.
16. Fritschi L, Erren TC, Glass DC, et al. (2013). The association between different night shiftwork factors and breast cancer: A case-control study. Br J Cancer. 109:2472-80.
17. Gamble KL, Motsinger-Reif AA, Hida A, et al. (2011). Shift work in nurses: Contribution of phenotypes and genotypes to adaptation. PLoS One. 6:e18395.
18. Grundy A, Richardson H, Burstyn I, et al. (2013). Increased risk of breast cancer associated with long-term shift work in Canada. Occup Environ Med. 70:831-8.
19. Hansen J, Lassen CF. (2012). Nested case-control study of night shift work and breast cancer risk among women in the Danish military. Occup Environ Med. 69:551-6.
20. Hansen J, Stevens RG. (2012). Case-control study of shift-work and breast cancer risk in Danish nurses: Impact of shift systems. Eur J Cancer. 48:1722-9.
21. Horne JA, Ostberg O. (1976). A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int J Chronobiol. 4:97-110.
22. Infante-Rivard C, Dumont M, Montplaisir J. (1989). Sleep disorder symptoms among nurses and nursing aides. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 61:353-8.
23. Juda M, Vetter C, Roenneberg T. (2013). The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire for Shift-Workers (MCTQShift). J Biol Rhythms. 28:130-40.
24. Knutsson A, Alfredsson L, Karlsson B, et al. (2012). Breast cancer among shift workers: Results of the WOLF longitudinal cohort study. Scand J Work Environ Health. 39:170-7.
25. Kubo T, Oyama I, Nakamura T, et al. (2011). Industry-based retrospective cohort study of the risk of prostate cancer among rotating-shift workers. Int J Urol. 18:206-11.
26. Lahti TA, Partonen T, Kyyrönen P, et al. (2008). Night-time work predisposes to non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Cancer. 123: 2148-51.
27. Lie JA, Roessink J, Kjaerheim K. (2006). Breast cancer and night work among Norwegian nurses. Cancer Causes Control. 17: 39-44.
28. Lie JA, Kjuus H, Zienolddiny S, et al. (2011). Night work and breast cancer risk among Norwegian nurses: Assessment by different exposure metrics. Am J Epidemiol. 173:1272-9.
29. Lin Y, Ueda J, Yagyu K, et al. (2013). A prospective cohort study of shift work and the risk of death from pancreatic cancer in Japanese men. 24:1357-61.
30. Menegaux F, Truong T, Anger A, et al. (2012). Night work and breast cancer: A population-based case-control study in France (the CECILE study). Int J Cancer. 132:924-31.
31. Morfeld P, McCunney RJ. (2009). Carbon black and lung cancer-testing a novel exposure metric by multi-model inference. Am J Ind Med. 52:890-9.
32. Morfeld P, Mundt KA, Taeger D, et al. (2013). Threshold value estimation for respirable quartz dust exposure and silicosis incidence among workers in the german porcelain industry. J Occup Environ Med. 55:1027-34.
33. Nätti J, Anttila T, Oinas T, Mustosmäki A. (2012). Night work and mortality: Prospective study among Finnish employees over the time span 1984 to 2008. Chronobiol Int. 29:601-9.
34. Oberlinner C, Ott MG, Nasterlack M, et al. (2009). Medical program for shift workers-impacts on chronic disease and mortality outcomes. Scand J Work Environ Health. 35:309-18.
35. Parent ME, El-Zein M, Rousseau MC, et al. (2012). Night Work and the Risk of Cancer Among Men. Am J Epidemiol. 176: 751-9.
36. Pesch B, Harth V, Rabstein S, et al. (2010). Night work and breast cancer-results from the German GENICA study. Scand J Work Environ Health. 36:134-41.
37. Poole EM, Schernhammer ES, Tworoger SS. (2011). Rotating night shift work and risk of ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 20:934-8.
38. Pronk A, Ji BT, Shu XO, et al. (2010). Night-shift work and breast cancer risk in a cohort of Chinese women. Am J Epidemiol. 171: 953-9.
39. Pukkala E, Martinsen JI, Lynge E, et al. (2009). Occupation and cancer-follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries. Acta Oncol. 48:646-790.
40. Rabstein S, Harth V, Pesch B, et al. (2013). Night work and breast cancer estrogen receptor status-results from the German GENICA study. Scand J Work Environ Health. 39:448-55.
41. Ramin C, Devore EE, Pierre-Paul J, et al. (2013). Chronotype and breast cancer risk in a cohort of US nurses. Chronobiol Int. 30: 1181-6.
42. Roenneberg T. (2012). What is chronotype? Sleep Biol Rhythms 10:75-6.
43. Roenneberg T, Kuehnle T, Juda M, et al. (2007). Epidemiology of the human circadian clock. Sleep Med Rev. 11:429-38.
44. Roenneberg T, Wirz-Justice A, Merrow M. (2003). Life between clocks: Daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes. J Biol Rhythms. 18:80-90.
45. Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL. (2008). Modern epidemiology, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
46. Saksvik IB, Bjorvatn B, Hetland H, et al. (2011). Individual differences in tolerance to shift work-a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 15:221-35.
47. Schernhammer ES, Kroenke CH, Laden F, Hankinson SE. (2006). Night work and risk of breast cancer. Epidemiology. 17:108-11.
48. Schernhammer ES, Laden F, Speizer FE, et al. (2001). Rotating night shifts and risk of breast cancer in women participating in the nurses' health study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 93:1563-8.
49. Schernhammer ES, Laden F, Speizer FE, et al. (2003). Night-shift work and risk of colorectal cancer in the nurses' health study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 95: 825-8.
50. Schernhammer ES, Razavi P, Li TY, et al. (2011). Rotating night shifts and risk of skin cancer in the nurses' health study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 103:602-6.
51. Schernhammer ES, Feskanich D, Liang G, Han J. (2013). Rotating night-shift work and lung cancer risk among female nurses in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 178:1434-41.
52. Straif K, Baan R, Grosse Y, et al. (2007). Carcinogenicity of shiftwork, painting, and fire-fighting. Lancet Oncol. 8:1065-6.
53. Toh KL. (2001). An hPer2 phosphorylation site mutation in familial advanced sleep phase syndrome. Science. 291:1040-3.
54. Viswanathan AN, Hankinson SE, Schernhammer ES. (2007). Night shift work and the risk of endometrial cancer. Cancer Res. 67: 10618-22.
55. World Health Organization (WHO). International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2010). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 98. Painting, Firefighting and Shiftwork. Lyon, France.
56. Yong M, Nasterlack M, Messerer P, et al. (2013). A retrospective cohort study of shift work and risk of cancer-specific mortality in German male chemical workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1007/s00420-013-0843-3.