Trainee perceptions of drill sergeant qualities during basic combat training

Military Psychology

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 577-587

  Foran, Heather M ^a,b   Adler, Amy B ^a  

^a WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH   (United States)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF BRAUNSCHWEIG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Anxiety symptoms; Basic training; Depression; Leadership; Military

Indexed keywords

EID: 84897374335     PISSN: 08995605     EISSN: 15327876     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/mil0000023     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2005). Multivariate statistical modeling with survey data. Paper presented at the Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology (FCSM) Research Conference, Washington, DC.
2. Bartone, P. T. (2006). Resilience under military operational stress: Can leaders influence hardiness? Military Psychology, 18, S131-S148.
3. Blanchard, K. H., Zigarmi, D., & Nelson, R. B. (1993). Situational leadership after 25 years: A retrospective. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 1, 21-36.
4. Bliese, P. D. (2006). Social climates: Drivers of soldier well-being and resilience. In A. B. Adler, C. A. Castro, & T. W. Britt (Eds.), The psychology of serving in peace and combat, Vol. 2: Operational stress (pp. 213-234). Westport, CT: Praeger Security International.
5. Bliese, P. D., & Castro, C. A. (2000). Role clarity, work overload and organizational support: Multilevel evidence of the importance of support. Work & Stress, 14, 65-73
6. Brailey, K., Vasterling, J. J., Proctor, S. P., Constans, J. I., & Friedman, M. J. (2007). PTSD symptoms, life events, and unit cohesion in U.S. soldiers: Baseline findings from the neurocognition deployment health study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20, 495-503
7. Bray, R. M., Brown, J. M., Pemberton, M. R., Williams, J., Jones, S. B., & Vandermass-Peeler, R. (2010). Alcohol use after forced abstinence in basic training among United States Navy and Air Force trainees. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 71, 15-22.
8. Britt, T. W., Davison, J., Bliese, P. D., & Castro, C. A. (2004). How leaders can influence the impact that stressors have on soldiers. Military Medicine, 169, 541-545.
9. Carhone, E. G. Cigrang, J. A., Todd, S., & Fiedler, E. (1999). Predicting outcome of military haste training for individuals referred for psychological evaluation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 72, 256-265.
10. Cigrang, J. A., Carhone, E. G., Todd, S., & Fiedler, E. (1998). Mental health attrition from Air Force basic military training. Military Medicine, 163, 834-838.
11. Cigrang, J. A., Todd, S. L., & Carhone, E. G. (2000). Stress management training for military trainees returned to duty after a mental health evaluation: Effect on graduation rates. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 48-55.
12. Clemons, E. P. (1996). Monitoring anxiety levels and coping skills among military recruits. Military Medicine, 161, 18-21.
13. Ehrhart, M. G., Bliese, P. D., & Thomas, J. L. (2006). Unit-level OCB and unit effectiveness: Examining the incremental effect of helping behavior. Human Performance, 19, 159 -173.
14. Foran, H. M., Slep, A. M. S., & Heyman, R. E. (2011). Hazardous alcohol use among active duty Air Force personnel: Identifying unique risk and promotive factors. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25, 28-40.
15. Fuller, J. B., Patterson, C. E. P., Hester, K., & Stringer, D. Y. (1996). A quantitative review of research on charismatic leadership. Psychological Reports, 78, 271-287.
16. Gold, M. A., & Friedman, S. B. (2000). Cadet basic training: An ethnographic study of stress and coping. Military Medicine, 165, 147-152.
17. Harvey, P. Stoner, J., Hochwarter, W., & Kacmar, C. (2007). Coping with abusive supervision: The neutralizing effects of ingratiation and positive affect on negative employee outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 18, 264 -280.
18. Hoge, C. W., Castro, C. A., Messer, S. C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I., & Koffman, R. L. (2004). Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 13-22.
19. Hoyle, R. H., & Smith, G. T. (1994). Formulating clinical research hypotheses as structural equationmodels: A conceptual overview. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 429-440.
20. Jacobson, N. S., Dobson, K. S., Truax, P. A., Addis, M. E., Koerner, K., Gollan, J. K.,... Prince, E. (1996). A component analysis of cognitivebehavioral therapy for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 295-304.
21. Jordan, M. H., Schraeder, M., Field, H. S., & Armenakis, A. A. (2007). Organizational citizenship behavior, job attitudes, and the psychological context. Military Psychology, 19, 259 -271.
22. Katz, P. (1990). Emotional metaphors, socialization, and roles of drill sergeants. Ethos, 18, 457-480.
23. Kenny, D. A., & Judd, C. M. (1986). Consequences of violating the independence assumption in analysis of variance. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 422- 431.
24. Kuoppala, J., Lamminpää, A., Liira, J., & Vaino, H. (2008). Leadership, job well-being, and health effects-A systematic review and a metaanalysis. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 50, 904 -915.
25. Larson, G. E., Booth-Kewley, S., Merrill, L. L., & Stander, V. A. (2001). Physical symptoms as indicators of depression and anxiety. Military Medicine, 166, 796-799.
26. Lerew, D. R., Schmidt, N. B., & Jackson, R. J. (1999). Evaluation of psychological risk factors: Prospective prediction of psychopathology during basic training. Military Medicine, 164, 509-513.
27. Martin, P. D., Williamson, D. A., Alfonso, A. J., & Ryan, D. H. (2006). Psychological adjustment during Army Basic Training. Military Medicine, 171, 157-160.
28. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2010). Mplus user's guide (6th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
29. Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1994). Organizational citizenship behaviors and sales unit effectiveness. Journal of Marketing Research, 351- 363.
30. Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W. The Patient Health Questionnaire Primary Care Study Group. (1999). Validation and utility of a self report version of PRIME-MD: The PHQ Primary Care Study. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 1737-1744.
31. Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder. The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 1092-1097.
32. Stander, V. A., Merrill, L. L., Thomsen, C. J., & Milner, J. S. (2007). Posttraumatic stress symptoms in Navy personnel: Prevalence rates among recruits in basic training. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 860-870.
33. Thomas, J. L., Wilk, J. E., Riviere, L. A., McGurk, D., Castro, C. A., & Hoge, C. W. (2010). Prevalence of mental health problems and functional impairment among active component and National Guard soldiers 3 and 12 months following combat in Iraq. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 614- 623.
34. TRADOC Regulation 350-6. (2013, 7 Nov). Training: Enlisted initial entry training policies and administration. Fort Eustis, VA: Department of the Army.
35. Vroom, V. H., & Jago, A. G. (2007). The role of situation in leadership. American Psychologist, 62, 17-24.
36. Wilk, J. E., Bliese, P. D., Kim, P. Y., Thomas, J. L., McGurk, D., & Hoge, C. W. (2010). Relationship of combat experiences to alcohol misuse among US soldiers returning from the Iraq war. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 108, 115-121.
37. Williams, R. A., Hagerty, B. M., Yousha, S. M., Hoyle, K. S., & Oe, H. (2002). Factors associated with depression in Navy recruits. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 323-337.
38. Wood, M. D., Foran, H. M., Britt, T. W., & Wright, K. M. (2012). The impact of benefit finding and leadership on combat-related PTSD symptoms. Military Psychology, 24, 529-541.
39. Wright, K. M., Foran, H. M., Wood, M. D., Eckford, R. K., & McGurk, D. (2012). Alcohol problems, aggression, and other externalizing behaviors after return from deployment: Understanding the impact of combat exposure, internalizing symptoms, and social environment. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1-19