Nanocrystalline apatite-based biomaterials: Synthesis, processing and characterization

Nanotechnology Research Progress

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 143-192

  Eichert, D ^a   Drouet, C ^a   Sfihi, H ^a   Rey, C ^a   Combes, C ^a  

^a INSTITUT CARNOT CIRIMAT   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84897307466     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (153)

1. Arsenault, A.L., Grynpas, M.D. (1988). Crystals in calcified epiphyseal cartilage and cortical bone of the rat. Calcified Tissue International, 43, 219-225.
2. Aue, W.P., Roufosse, A.H., Glimcher, M.J., Griffin, R.G. (1984). Solid state phophorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of calcium phosphate: Potential models of bone mineral. Biochemistry, 23, 6110-6114.
3. Baig, A.A., Fox, J.L., Hsu, J., Wang, Z., Otsuka, M., Higuchi, W.I., Legeros, R.Z. (1996). The effect of carbonate content and crystallinity on the metastable equilibrium solubility behavior of carbonated apatites. J Colloid Interface Sci, 179, 608-617.
4. Baig, A.A., Fox, J.L., Wang, Z., Higuchi, WI, Miller, S.C., Barry, A.M., Otsuka, M. (1999). Metastable equilibrium solubility behavior of bone mineral. Calcif. Tissue Int, 64, 329- 339.
5. Baig, A.A., Fox, J.L., Young, R.A., Wang, Z., Hsu, J., Higuchi, W.I., Chhettry, A., Zhuang, H., Otsuka M. (1999). Relationships among carbonated apatite solubility, crystallite size, and microstrain parameters. Calcified Tissue International, 64, 437-449.
6. Banu, M. (2005). Ph.D. Thesis. INPT, France.
7. Baroud, G., Swanson, T., Steffen, T. (2006). Setting properties of four acrylic and two calcium phosphate cements used in vertebroplasty. J. Long Term Eff. Med. Implants, 16, 51-59.
8. Barrère, F., Layrolle, P., van Blitterswijk, C.A., de Groot, K. (1999). Biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings on Ti6AI4V: a crystal growth study of octacalcium phosphate and inhibition by Mg2+ and HCO3-. Bone, 25, 107S-111S.
9. Belton, P.S., Harris, R.K., Wilkes, P.J. (1988). Solid state phophorus-31 NMR studies of synthetic inorganic phosphates. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 49, 21-27.
10. Benaziz, L., Barroug, A., Legrouri, A., Rey, C., Lebugle, A. (2001). Adsorption of Ophospho- L-serine and L-serine onto poorly crystalline apatite. J. Colloid and Interface Science, 238, 48-53.
11. Bennani-Ziatni, M., Lebugle, A., Taitai, A., Ferhat, M. (1997). Adsorption of glycine from a water-ethanol medium onto precipitated calcium phosphates. Annales de Chimie, 22, 537-547.
12. Bennani-Ziatni, M., Lebugle, A., Taitai, A. (2003). Influence of dielectric constant on the adsorption of glycine by bioapatites. Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and the Related Elements, 178, 221-233.
13. Beshah, K., Rey, C., Glimcher, M.J., Schimizu, M., Griffin, R.G. (1990). Solid state carbon- 13 and proton NMR studies of carbonate-containing calcium phosphates and enamel. J. Solid State Chem, 84, 71-81.
14. Bihi, N., Bennani-Ziatni, M., Taitai, A., Lebugle, A. (2002). Adsorption of amino-acids onto bone-like carbonated calcium phosphates. Annales de Chimie, 27, 61-70.
15. Bonar, L.C., Roufosse, A.H., Sabine, W.K., Grynpas, M.D., Glimcher, M.J. (1983). X-ray diffraction studies of the crystallinity of bone mineral in newly synthesized and density fractionated bone. Calcified Tissue International, 35, 202-209.
16. Bonfield, W. (1988). Composites for bone replacement. J Biomed Eng, 10, 522-526.
17. Brown, W.E., Chow, L.C. (1987). A new calcium phosphate water-setting cement. In P Brown (Ed.), Cement Research Progress 1986, pp. 351-379. Westerville OH: American Ceramic Society.
18. Brown, W.E., Eidelman, N., Tomazic, B. (1987). Octacalcium phosphate as a precursor in biomineral formation. Adv. Dental Res, 1, 306-313.
19. Burnell, J.M., Teubner, E.J., Miller, A.G. (1980). Normal maturational changes in bone matrix, mineral and crystal size in the rat. Calcified Tissue International, 31, 13-19.
20. Campbell, A.C., LoRe, M., Nancollas, G.H. (1991). The influence of carbonate and magnesium ions on the growth of hydroxyapatite and carbonated apatite and human powdered enamel. Colloids and Surfaces, A, 54, 25-31.
21. Cazalbou, S., Hina, A., Rey, C. (1999). Interactions between trace elements and bone mineral matrix. In M. Abdulla, M., Bost, S., Gamon, P., Arnaud, G. Chazot (Eds.), New Aspects of Trace Element Research, pp. 58-62. London,UK, Smith-Gordon.
22. Cazalbou, S. (2000). Ph.D. Thesis. INPT, France.
23. Cazalbou, S., Combes, C., Rey, C. (2002). Procédé permettant de recouvrir à basse température des surfaces par des phosphates apatitiques nanocristallins à partir d'une suspension aqueuse de phosphate amorphe. Patent n° FR0209514.
24. Cazalbou, S., Combes, C., Eichert, D., Rey, C., Glimcher, M.J. (2004). Poorly crystalline apatites: evolution and maturation in vitro and in vivo. J Bone Miner Metab, 22, 310-317.
25. Cazalbou, S., Combes, C., Eichert, D., Rey, C. (2004). Adaptative physico-chemistry of biorelated calcium phosphates. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 14, 2148-2153.
26. Chen, G., Ushida, T., Tateishi, T. (2001). Poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) sponge hybridized with collagen microsponges and deposited apatite particulates. J Biomed Mater Res, 57, 8-14.
27. 19F Multiple-Quantum NMR dynamics in quasione- dimensional spin clusters in apatites. J. Phys. Chem, 100, 15716-15725.
28. Cho, G., Wu, Y., Ackerman, J.L. (2003). Detection of hydroxyl ions in bone mineral by solidstate NMR spectroscopy. Science, 300, 1123-1127.
29. 4 ions in biomimetic poorly crystalline apatite and bone mineral. Key Engineering Materials. vol 192-195, 143-146.
30. Combes, C., Rey, C. (2002). Adsorption of proteins and calcium phosphate materials bioactivity. Biomaterials, 23, 2817-2823.
31. Combes, C., Bareille, R., Rey, C. (2006). Calcium carbonate-calcium phosphate mixed cement compositions for bone reconstruction. J Biomed Mater Res A (in press).
32. Constantz, B.R., Ison, I.C., Fulmer, M.T., Poser, R.D., Smith, S.T., VanWagoner, M., Ross J., Goldstein, S.A., Jupiter, J.B., Rosenthal, D.I. (1995). Skeletal repair by in situ formation of the mineral phase of bone. Science, 267, 1796-1798.
33. Dabbarh, F., Lebugle, A., Taitai, A., Bennani, M. (2000). Influence du séchage sur la composition de phosphates de calcium carbonatés, analogues osseux. Ann Chim. Sci. Mat, 25, 339-348.
34. Daculsi, G., Menanteau, J., Kerebel, L.M., Mitre, D. (1984). Length and shape of enamel crystals. Calcif Tissue Int, 36, 550-555.
35. Daculsi, G., Laboux, O., Malard, O., Weiss, P. (2003). Current state of the art of biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med, 14, 195-200.
36. Danilchenko, S.N., Kukharenko, O.G., Moseke, C., Protsenko, I.Y., Sukhodub, L.F., Sulkio- Cleff, B. (2002). Determination of the bone mineral crystallite size and lattice strain from diffraction line broadening. Cryst. Res. Technol, 37, 1234-1240.
37. Davies, J.E. (2003). Understanding peri-implant endosseous healing. J. Dent. Educ, 67, 932- 949.
38. De Groot, K., Geesink, R., Klein, C.P., Serekian, P. (1987). Plasma sprayed coatings of hydroxyapatite. J. Biomed. Mater. Res, 21, 1375-1381.
39. De Jong, W.F. (1926). The mineral substance in bones. Rec. Trav. Chim., Pays-Bas, 45, 445- 448.
40. De Maeyer, E.A., Verbeeck, R.M., Vercruysse, C.W. (2000). Conversion of octacalcium phosphate in calcium phosphate cements. J Biomed Mater Res, 52, 95-106.
41. De Maeyer, E.A., Verbeeck, R.M., Vercruysse, C.W. (2000). Conversion of octacalcium phosphate in calcium phosphate cements. J Biomed Mater Res, 52, 95-106.
42. Dos Santos, L.A., de Oliveira, L.C., Rigo, E.C., Carrodeguas, R.G., Boschi, A.O., De Arruda, A.C. (1999). Influence of polymeric additives on the mechanical properties of- tricalcium phosphate cement. Bone, 25, 99S-102S.
43. Eichert, D. (2001). Ph.D. Thesis. INPT, France.
44. Eichert, D., Sfihi, H., Combes, C., Rey, C. (2004). Specific characteristics of wet nanocrystalline apatites. Consequences on biomaterials and bone tissue. Key Engineering Materials, vol. 254-256, 927-930.
45. Eichert, D., Salomé, M., Banu, M., Susini, J., Rey, C. (2005). Preliminary characterization of calcium chemical environment in apatite and non-apatitic calcium phosphates of biological interest by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta, B, 60, 850- 858.
46. Elliott, J.C., Mackie, P.E., Young, R.A. (1973). Monoclinic hydroxyapatite. Science, 180, 1055-1057.
47. Elliott, J.C., Holcomb, D.W., Young, R.W. (1985). Infrared determination of the degree of substitution of hydroxyl by carbonate ions in human dental enamel. Calcif. Tissue Int, 37, 372-375.
48. Elliott, J.C. (1994). Structure and Chemistry of the Apatites and Other Calcium Orthophosphates. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science BV.
49. Fernandez Gavarron, F. (1978). The dynamic equilibrium of calcium. In E. Pina, A. Pena, V. Chagoya de Sanchez (Eds.), Temas Bioquim. Actual., pp. 41-67. Mexico Cit, Univ. Nac. Auton. Mexico.
50. Fisher, L.W., Eanes, E.D., Denholm, L.J., Heywood, B.R., Termine, J.D. (1987). Two bovine models of osteogenesis imperfecta exhibit decreased apatite crystal size. Calcified Tissue International, 40, 282-285.
51. Frankenburg, E.P., Goldstein, S.A., Bauer, T.W., Harris, S.A., Poser, R.D. (1998). Biomechanical and histological evaluation of a calcium phosphate cement. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 80, 1112-1124.
52. Gee, A., Dietz, V.R. (1953). Determination of phosphate by differential spectrophotometry. Ann. Chem, 25, 1320-1324.
53. Gee, A., Dietz, V.R. (1955). Pyrophosphate formation upon ignition of precipitated basic calcium phosphate. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 77, 2961-2965.
54. Ginebra, M.P., Fernandez, E., De Maeyer, E.A., Verbeeck, R.M., Boltong, M.G., Ginebra, J., Driessens, F.C., Planell J.A. (1997). Setting reaction and hardening of an apatitic calcium phosphate cement. J Dent Res, 76, 905-912.
55. Glimcher, M.J. (1990). The possible role of collagen fibrils and collagen-phosphoprotein complexes in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials, 11, 7-10.
56. Grynpas, M.D., Bonar, L.C., Glimcher, M.J. (1984). X-ray diffraction radial distribution function studies of bone mineral and synthetic calcium phosphate. J. Mater. Sci, 19, 723- 736.
57. Gu, Y.W., loh, N.H., Khor, K.A., Tor, S.B., Cheang, P. (2002). Spark plasma sintering of hydroxyapatite powders. Biomaterials, 23, 37-43.
58. Habibovic, P., Barrère, F., van Blitterswicjk, C.A., de Groot, K., Layrolle, P. (2002). Biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating on metal implants. J Am Ceram Soc, 85, 517-522.
59. Habibovic, P., Sees, T.M., van den Doel, M.A., van Blitterswijk, C.A., de Groot, K. (2006). Osteoinduction by biomaterials. Physicochemical and structural influences. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 77, 747-762.
60. Haris Parvez, I., Bigi, A., Boanini, E., Gazzano, M., Rubini, K., Torricelli, P. (2004). Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite-polyaspartate composites. Bio-medical Materials and Engineering, 14, 573-579.
61. Hatim, Z., Frèche, M., Kheribech, A., Lacout, J.L. (1998). The setting mechanism of a phosphocalcium biological cement. Ann. Chim. Sci. Mat, 23, 65-68.
62. Heughebaert, J.C., Montel, G. (1982). Conversion of amorphous tricalcium phosphate into apatitic tricalcium phosphate. Calcif Tiss Int, 34, S103-S108.
63. Hina, A. (1996). Ph.D. Thesis. INPT, France.
64. Huffman, E.W.D. (1977). Performance of a new automatic carbon dioxide coulometer. Microchemical J, 22, 567-573.
65. Ishikawa, K., Ducheyne, P., Radin, S. (1993). Determination of the calcium/phosphorus ratio in calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite using X-ray diffraction analysis. J. Mat. Sci: Mater. In Med, 4, 165-168.
66. Isobe, T. , Nakamura, S., Nemoto, R., Senna, M., Sfihi, H. (2002). Solid state double nuclear magnetic resonance of calcium phosphate nanoparticules synthesized by wetmechanochemical reaction. J. Phys. Chem B, 106, 5169-5176.
67. Itoh, S., Kikuchi, M., Takakuda, K., Koyama, Y., Matsumoto, H.N., Ichinose, S., Tanaka, J., Kawauchi, T., Shinomiya K. (2000). The biocompatibility and osteoconductive activity of a novel hydroxyapatite /collagen composite biomaterial, and its function as a carrier of rhBMP-2. J. Biomed Mater Res, 54, 445-453.
68. Itoh, S., Kikuchi, M., Takakuda, K., Nagaoka, K., Koyama, Y., Tanaka, J., Shinomiya, K. (2002). Implantation study of a novel hydroxyapatite /collagen (Hap/col) composite into weight-bearing sites of dogs. J. Biomed Mater Res, 63, 507-515.
69. Iyengar, G.V., Tandon, L. (1999). Minor and trace elements in human bones and teeth. International Atomic Energy Agency, NAHRES-39 report, Vienna.
70. Izquierdo-Barba, I., Hijon, N., Cabanas, M.V., Vallet-Regi, M. (2004). Apatite layers by a sol-gel route. Key Engineering Materials, vol. 254-256, 363-366.
71. Jäger, C., Welzel, T., Meyer-Zaika, W., Epple, M. (2006). A solid state NMR investigation of the structure of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. Magn. Reson. Chem, 44, 573-580.
72. Jarcho, M., Salsbury, R.L., Thomas, M.B., Doremus, R.H. (1979). Synthesis and fabrication of -tricalcium phosphate ceramics for potential prosthetic applications. J Mater Sci, 14, 142-150.
73. 31P CP MAS NMR. Langmuir, 22, 4787 - 4792.
74. Johnson, A.R., Armstrong, W.D., Singer, L. (1970). Exchangeability of calcium and strontium of bone in vitro. Calcified Tissue Research, 6, 103-112.
75. Kawagoe, D., Ioku, K., Fujimori, H., Goto, S. (2003). In vitro estimation with simulated body fluid of OH-designed transparent apatite ceramics prepared by spark plasma sintering. Trans. Mater. Res. Soc. Japan, 28, 841-844.
76. Kawagushi, H., McKee, M.D., Okamoto, H., Nanci, A. (1993). Tissue response to hydroxyapatite implanted in an alveolar bone defect: Immunocytochemical and lecitingold characterization of the hydroxyapatite-bone interface. Cells and Materials, 3, 337- 350.
77. Kikuchi, M., Ikoma, T., Itoh, S., Matsumoto, H.N., Koyama, Y., Takakuda, K., Shinomiya, K., Tanaka, J. (2004). Biomimetic synthesis of bone-like nanocomposites using the selforganization mechanism of hydroxyapatite and collagen. Composites Science and Technology, 64, 819-825.
78. Kim, H.M., Kim, Y.S., Woo, K.M., Park, S.J., Rey, C., Kim, Y., Kim, J.K., Ko, J.S. (2001). Dissolution of poorly crystalline apatite crystals by osteoclasts determined on artificial thin-film apatite. J. Biomed. Mater. Res, 56, 250-256.
79. Kim, H.W., Kim, H.E., Knowles, J.C. (2004). Sol-gel films on titanium implant for hard tissue regeneration. Key Engineering Materials, vol. 254-256, 423-426.
80. Kim, H.W., Knowles, J.C., Kim, H.E. (2005). Porous scaffolds of gelatin-hydroxyapatite nanocomposites obtained by biomimetic approach: characterization and antibiotic drug release. J Biomed Mater Res, 74B, 686-698.
81. Knaack, D., Goad, M.E.P., Ailova, M., Rey, C., Tofighi, A., Chakravarthy, P., Lee, D. (1998). Resorbable calcium phosphate bone substitute. J. Biomed. Mat. Res, 43, 399-409.
82. Kokubo, T. (1996). Formation of biologically active bone-like apatite on metals and polymers by a biomimetic process. Thermochimica Acta, 280/281, 479-490.
83. Kon, M., Miyamoto, Y., Asaoka, K., Ishikawa, K., Lee, H.H. (1998). Development of calcium phosphate cement for rapid crystallization to apatite. Dent Mater J, 17, 223-232.
84. Kong, L., Gao, Y., Cao, W., Gong, Y., Zhao, N., Zhang, X. (2005). Preparation and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res, 75, 275-282.
85. Labarthe, J.C., Bonel, G., Montel, G. (1973). Structure and properties of B-type phosphocalcium carbonate apatites. Annales de Chimie (Fr), 8, 289-301.
86. Lebugle, A., Zahidi, E., Bonel, G. (1986). Effect of structure and composition on the thermal decomposition of calcium phosphates (Ca/P = 1.33). Reactivity of Solids, 2, 151-161.
87. Lee, D., Rey, C., Aiolova, M., Tofighi, A. (2000). Methods and products related to the physical conversion of reactive amorphous calcium phosphate, US patent N° 6117456.
88. Legeros, R.Z., Trautz, O.R., Legeros, J.P., Klein, E. (1968). Carbonate substitution in the apatitic structure. Bull. Soc. Chim, Fr. n° special, 1712-1718.
89. Legeros, R.Z. (1993). Biodegradation and bioresorption of calcium phosphate ceramics. Clin. Mater. 14, 65-88.
90. Legeros, R.Z. (1994). Biological and synthetic apatites. In P.W. Brown, B.Constantz (Eds.), Hydroxyapatite and Related Materials, pp. 3-28. Boca Raton, CRC Press.
91. Legeros, R.Z. (2002). Properties of osteoinductive biomaterials: calcium phosphates. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res, 395, 81-98.
92. Legros, R., Balmain, N., Bonel, G. (1987). Age-related changes in mineral of rat and bovine cortical bone. Calcif. Tissue Int, 41, 137-144.
93. Leonor, I.B., Azevedo, H.S., Pashkuleva, I., Oliveira, A.L., Alves, C.M., Reis, R.L. (2004). Learning from nature how to design biomimetic calcium-phosphate coatings. In R.L. Reis and S. Weiner (Eds.), Learning from nature how to design new implantable biomaterials: from biomineralization fundamentals to biomimetic materials and processing routes, Nato Science Series; series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry - vol. 171, pp. 123-150. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
94. Leung, Y., Walters, M.A., LeGeros, R.Z. (1990). Second derivative infrared spectra of hydroxyapatite. Spectrochimica Acta, A. 46, 1453-1459.
95. Linhart W., Peters F., Lehmann W., Schwarz K., Schilling A.F., Amling M., Rueger J.M., Epple, M. (2001). Biologically and chemically optimized composites of carbonated apatite and polyglycolide as bone substitution materials. J Biomed Mater Res, 54, 162- 171.
96. Liu, D.M., Troczynski, T., Tseng, W.J. (2002). Aging effect on the phase evolution of waterbased sol-gel hydroxyapatite. Biomaterials, 23, 1227-1236.
97. Luong, L.N., Hong, S.I., Patel, R.J., Outslay, M.E., Kohn, D.H. (2006). Spatial control of protein within biomimetically nucleated mineral. Biomaterials, 27, 1175-1186.
98. MacConnel, D. (1973). Apatite, its Crystal Chemistry, Mineralogy, Utilization, and Geologic and Biologic Occurrences. New York, Spinger-Verlag.
99. Marie, P.J., Ammann, P., Boivin, G., Rey, C. (2001). Mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of strontium in bone. Calcified Tissue International, 69, 121-129.
100. 2O. J. Cryst Spectrosc. Res, 18, 235-250.
101. Mathieu, L.M., Mueller, T.L., Bourban, P.E., Pioletti, D.P., Muller, R., Manson, J.A.E. (2006). Architecture and properties of anisotropic polymer composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 27, 905-916.
102. Midy, V., Rey, C., Brès, E., Dard, M. (1998). Basic fibroblast growth factor adsorption and release properties of calcium phosphate. J Biomed Mater Res, 41, 405-411.
103. Miquel, J.L., Facchini, L., Legrand, A P., Rey, C., Lemaitre, J. (1990). Solid state NMR to study calcium phosphate ceramics. Colloids and Surfaces, 45, 427-433.
104. Mirtchi, A.A., Lemaitre, J., Terao, N. (1989). Calcium phosphate cements: study of the beta-tricalcium phosphate-monocalcium phosphate system. Biomaterials, 10, 475-480.
105. Miyaji, F., Kim, H.M., Handa, S., Kokubo, T., Nakamura, T. (1999). Bonelike apatite coating on organic polymers: novel nucleation process using sodium silicate solution. Biomaterials, 20, 913-919.
106. Nakahira, A., Tamai, M., Aritani, H., Nakamura, S., Yamashita, K. (2002). Biocompatibility of dense hydroxyapatite prepared using a SPS Process. J. Biomed. Mater. Res, 62, 550- 557.
107. Neuman, W.F., Toribara, T.Y., Mulryan, B.J. (1956). The surface chemistry of bone. IX. Carbonate: phosphate exchange. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 78, 4263-4266.
108. Neuman, W.F., Terepka, A.R., Canas, F., Triffitt, J.T. (1968). Cycling concept of exchange in bone. Calcified Tissue Research, 2, 262-270.
109. Neuman, W.F., Neuman, M.W. (1985). Blood: bone calcium homeostasis. Shika Kiso Igakkai Zasshi, 24, 272-281.
110. Nishikawa, T., Masuno, K., Tominaga, K., Koyama, Y., Yamada, T., Takakuda, K., Kikuchi, M., Tanaka, J., Tanaka, A. (2005). Bone repair analysis in a novel biodegradable hydroxyapatite/collagen composite implanted in bone. Implant Dent, 14, 252-260.
111. Ouizat, S., Barroug, A., Legrouri, A., Rey, C. (1999). Adsorption of bovine serum albumin on poorly crystalline apatite: influence of maturation. Mat. Res. Bull, 34, 2279-2289.
112. Pak, C.Y.C., Bartter, F.C. (1967). Ionic interaction with bone mineral. I. Evidence for an isoionic calcium exchange with hydroxyapatite. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, General Subjects, 141, 401-409.
113. 19F rotational-echo, double resonance nuclear magnetic resonance experiment on fuoridated hydroxyapatite. Solid State Nuclear Magn. Reson. 5, 263-268.
114. Panda, R.N., Hsieh, M.F., Chung, R.J., Chin, T.S. (2003). FTIR, XRD, SEM and solid state NMR investigations of carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite nano-particles synthesized by hydroxide-gel technique. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 64, 193-199.
115. Paschalis, E.P., DiCarlo, E., Betts, F., Sherman, P., Mendelsohn, R., Boskey, A.L. (1996). FTIR microspectroscopic analysis of human osteonal bone. Calcif. Tissue Int. 59, 480- 487.
116. Pasteris, J.D., Wopenka, B., Freeman, J.J., Rogers, K., Valsami-Jones, E., van der Houten, J.A.M., Silva, M.J. (2004). Lack of OH in nanocrystalline apatite as a function of degree of atomic order: implications for bone and biomaterials. Biomaterials, 25, 229-238.
117. 3 vibrational modes in synthetic and biological apatites. Calcif. Tissue Int, 63, 475-481.
118. Pioletti, D.P., Takei, H., Lin, T., Van Landuyt, P., Ma, Q.J., Kwon, S.Y., Sung, K.L. (2000). The effects of calcium phosphate cement particles on osteoblast functions. Biomaterials, 21,1103-14.
119. Pors Nielsen, S. (2004). The biological role of strontium. Bone, 35, 583-588.
120. Posner, A.S., Perloff, A, Dioro, A.F. (1958). Refinement of hydroxyapatite structure. Acta Cryst, 11, 308-309.
121. Rey, C., Collins, B., Goehl, T., Dickson, R.I., Glimcher, M.J. (1989). The carbonate environment in bone mineral. A resolution enhanced Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. Calcif Tissue Int, 45, 157-164.
122. Rey, C., Shimizu, M., Collins, B., Glimcher, M.J. (1990). Resolution enhanced Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of the environment of phosphate ion in the early deposits of a solid phase of calcium phosphate in bone and enamel and their evolution with age: I- Calcif. Tissue Int, 46, 384-394.
123. Rey, C., Strawich, E., Glimcher, M.J. (1994). Non-apatitic environments in Ca-P biominerals. Implications in reactivity of the mineral phase and its interactions with organic matrix constituents. In D. Allemand, J.P. Cuif (Eds.), Biomineralizations, pp. 55- 64. Bulletin Océanographique n° special 14 1, Monaco.
124. Rey, C., Kim, H.M., Glimcher, M.J. (1994) Maturation of poorly crystalline synthetic and biological apatites. In P.W. Brown, B. Constantz (Eds.), Hydroxyapatite and Related Materials, pp. 181-187. Boca Raton, CRC Press.
125. Rey, C., Hina, A., Tofighi, A., Glimcher, M.J. (1995). Maturation of poorly crystalline apatites: chemical and structural aspects in vivo and in vitro. Cells and Mater. 5, 345-356.
126. Rey, C., Miquel, J.L., Facchini, L., Legrand, A.P., Glimcher, M.J. (1995). On the question of hydroxyl groups in bone mineral. Bone, 16, 583-586.
127. Rey, C., Combes, C., Drouet, C., Sfihi, H., Barroug, A. (2006). Physico-chemical properties of nanocrystalline apatites: Implications for biominerals and biomaterials. Materials Science and Engineering C (in press).
128. 31Phosphorus magic angle sample spinning nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction. Calcified Tissue Int, 50, 42-48.
129. Rodrigues, A., Lebugle, A. (1998). Influence of ethanol in the precipitation medium on the composition, structure and reactivity of tricalcium phosphate. Colloid and Surfaces, A, 145, 191-204.
130. Rogers, K., Etok, S., Broadhurst, A., Scott, R. (2005). Enhanced analysis of biomaterials by synchrotron diffraction. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A, 548, 123-128.
131. 31P NMR of solid calcium phosphates. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 102, 2637-2643.
132. Roufosse, A.H., Aue, W.P., Roberts, J.E., Glimcher, M.J., Griffin, R.G. (1984). Investigation of the mineral phases of bone by solid state phosphorus-31 magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Biochemistry, 23, 6115-6120.
133. Rusu, V.M., Ng, C.H., Wilke, M., Tiersch, B., Fratzl, P., Peter, M.G. (2005). Size-controlled hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as self-organized organic-inorganic composite materials. Biomaterials, 26, 5414-5426.
134. Sarda, S., Tofighi, A., Hobatho, M.C., Lee, D., Rey, C. (1999). Associations of low temperature apatites ceramics and proteins. Phosphorus Res. Bull, 10, 208-213.
135. Scherrer, P. (1918). Estimation of the size and internal structure of colloidal particles by means of R.overddot.ontgen rays. Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Gottengen, 96-100.
136. Sfihi, H., Rey, C. (2002). 1-D and 2-D double heteronuclear magnetic resonance study of the local structure of type B carbonate fluoroapatite. In J. Fraissard, B. Lapina (Eds.) Magnetic Resonance in Colloid and Interface Science, Nato ASI Series II, pp. 409-418. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
137. Shirkhanzadeh, M. (1994). X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis of nanophase apatite coatings prepared by electrocrystallization. NanoStructured Materials, 4, 677-684.
138. Sudarsanan, K., Young, R.A. (1969). Significant precision in crystal structural details: Holly Springs hydroxyapatite. Acta. Cryst, B25, 1534-1543.
139. Suvorova, E.I., Buffat, P.A. (1999). Electron diffraction from micro-and nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite. Journal of Microscopy, 196, 46-58.
140. Tadic, D., Beckmann, F., Schwarz, K., Epple, M. (2004). A novel method to produce hydroxyapatite objects with interconnecting porosity that avoids sintering. Biomaterials, 25, 3335-3340.
141. Tampieri, A., Celotti, G., Landi, E., Sandri, M., Roveri, N., Falini, G. (2003). Biologically inspired synthesis of bone-like composite: self-assembled collagen fibers/hydroxyapatite nanocrystals. J Biomed Mater Res, 67, 618-625.
142. Termine, J.D., Posner, A.S. (1966). Infrared analysis of rat bone: age dependency of amorphous and crystalline fractions. Science, 153, 1523-1525.
143. Termine, J.D., Eanes, E.D., Conn, K.M. (1980). Phosphoprotein modulation of apatite crystallization. Calcified Tissue International, 31, 247-251.
144. Thian, E.S., Huang, J., Vickers, M.E., Best ,S.M., Barber, Z.H., Bonfield, W. (2006). Siliconsubstituted hydroxyapatite (SiHA): a novel calcium phosphate coating for biomedical applications. J. Mat. Sci, 41, 709-717.
145. Tropp, J., Blumenthal, N.C., Waugh, J.S. (1983). Phosphorus NMR study of solid calcium phosphate. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 105, 22-26.
146. Tsuboi, S., Nakagaki, H., Ishiguro, K., Kondo, K., Mukai, M., Robinson, C., Weatherell, J.A. (1994). Magnesium distribution in human bone. Calcified Tissue International, 54, 34-37.
147. Wilson, R.M., Elliott, J.C., Dowker, S.E.P., Rodriguez-Lorenzo, L.M. (2005). Rietveld refinements and spectroscopic studies of the structure of Ca-deficient apatite. Biomaterials, 26, 1317-1327.
148. th series, 6, 951-967.
149. Wu, Y., Glimcher, M.J., Rey, C., Ackerman, J. (1994). A unique protonated phosphate group in bone mineral not present in synthetic calcium phosphates. J Mol Biol, 244, 423-435.
150. 1H MAS NMR at high spinning speeds. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 109, 6274-6282.
151. Yesinovski, J.P. (1998). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of calcium phosphates. In Z. Amjad (Ed.), Calcium phosphates in biological and industrial systems, pp. 103-143. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
152. Yuan, H., Li, Y., de Bruijn, J.D., de Groot, K., Zhang, X. (2000). Tissue responses of calcium phosphate cement: a study in dogs. Biomaterials, 21,1283-1290.
153. Zahidi, E., Lebugle, A., Bonel, G. (1985). Sur une nouvelle classe de matériaux pour prothèses osseuses ou dentaires. Bull Soc Chim Fr, 4, 523-537.