PTSD, comorbid depression, and the cortisol waking response in victims of intimate partner violence: Preliminary evidence

Anxiety, Stress and Coping

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 253-269

  Pinna, Keri L M ^a   Johnson, Dawn M ^b   Delahanty, Douglas L ^c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AKRON   (United States)

^c KENT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d Northeast Ohio Medical University   (United States)

Author keywords

comorbidity; cortisol; depression; IPV; PTSD

Indexed keywords

HYDROCORTISONE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; FEMALE; HUMAN; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOLOGY; SALIVA; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; AREA UNDER CURVE; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; INTERVIEW, PSYCHOLOGICAL; MIDDLE AGED; SALIVA; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84897020575     PISSN: 10615806     EISSN: 14772205     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2013.852185     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Ambrosini, P. J., Metz, C., Bianchi, M. D., Rabinovich, H., & Undie, A. (1991). Concurrent validity and psychometric properties of the beck depression inventory in outpatient adolescents. American Journal of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 51-57. doi:10.1097/00004583-199101000-00008
2. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archive of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004
3. Bhagwagar, Z., Hafizi, S., & Cowen, P. J. (2005). Increased salivary cortisol after waking in depression. Psychopharmacology, 182, 54-57. doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0062-z
4. Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Gusman, F. D., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1990). A clinician rating scale for assessing current and lifetime PTSD: The CAPS-I. The Behaviour Therapist, 13, 187-188.
5. Breslau, N., Chilcoat, H. D., Kessler, R. C., & Davis, G. C. (1999). Vulnerability to assaultive violence: Further specification of the sex difference in post-traumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 902-907.
6. Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., Peterson, E. L., & Schultz, L. R. (2000). A second look at comorbidity in victims of trauma: The posttraumatic stress disorder - Major depression connection. Biological Psychology, 48, 902-909. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00933-1
7. Burghy, C. A., Stodola, D. E., Ruttle, P. L., Molloy, E. K., Armstrong, J. M., Oler, J. A.,. Birn, R. M. (2012). Developmental pathways to amygdala-prefrontal function and internalizing symptoms in adolescence. Nature & Neuroscience, 15, 1736-1741. doi:10.1038/nn.3257
8. Burke, H. M., Davis, M. C., Otte, C., & Mohr, D. C. (2005). Depression and cortisol responses to psychological stress: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 846-856. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.02.010
9. Buydens-Branchey, L., Noumair, K., & Branchey, M. (1990). Duration and intensity of combat exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 178, 582-587. doi:10.1097/00005053-199009000-00005
10. De Bellis, M. D., Baum, A. S., Birmaher, B., Keshavan, M. S., Eccard, C. H., Boring, A. M.,. & Ryan, N. D. (1999). Developmental traumatology part I: Biological stress systems. Biological Psychiatry, 45, 1259-1270. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00044-X
11. De Kloet, C. S., Vermetten, E., Geuze, E., Kavelaars, A., Heijnen, C. J., & Westenberg, H. G. (2006). Assessment of HPA-axis function in posttraumatic stress disorder: Pharmacological and non-pharmacological challenge tests, a review. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 40, 550-567. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.08.002
12. De Kloet, C., Vermettena, E., Lentjese, E., Geuzea, E., van Peltf, J., Manuele, R., & Westenbergc, H. (2008). Differences in the response to the combined DEX-CRH test between PTSD patients with and without co-morbid depressive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 33, 313-320. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.11.016
13. Deuschle, M., Weber, B., Colla, M., Depner, M., & Heuser, I. (1998). Effects of major depression, aging and gender upon calculated diurnal free plasma cortisol concentrations: A reevaluation study. Stress, 2, 281-287. doi:10.3109/10253899809167292
14. Dressendorfer, R., Kirschbaum, C., Rohede, W., Stahl, F., & Strasburger, C. (1992). Synthesis of cortisol-biotin conjugate and evaluation as tracer in immunoassay for salivary cortisol measurement. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 43, 683-692. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(92)90294-S
15. First, M. B., Gibbon, M., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2002). User's guide for the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorders - Research version. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 2001-2026.
16. Ginzburg, K. (2006). Comorbidity of PTSD and depression following myocardial infarction. Journal of Affective Disorders, 94, 135-143. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.03.016
17. Goto, T., Wilson, J. P., Kahana, B., & Slane, S. (2002). The Miyake island volcano disaster in Japan: Loss, uncertainty, and relocation as predictors of PTSD and depression. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 4, 157-171.
18. Green, B. L., Krupnick, J. L., Chung, J., Siddique, J., Krause, E. D., Revicki, D.,. Miranda, J. (2006). Impact of PTSD comorbidity on one-year outcomes in a depression trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 815-835. doi:10.1002/jclp.20279
19. Griffin, M. G., Resick, P. A., & Yehuda, R. (2005). Enhanced cortisol suppression following dexamethasone administration in domestic violence survivors. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1192-1199. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1192
20. Halbreich, U., Olympia, J., Glogowski, J., Carson, S., Axelrod, S., & Yeh, C. M. (1988). The importance of past psychological trauma and pathophysiological process as determinants of current biological abnormalities. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 293-294. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800270113016
21. Huber, T., Issa, K., Schik, G., & Wolf, O. (2006). The cortisol awakening response is blunted in psychotherapy inpatients suffering depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31, 900-904. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.03.005
22. Humphreys, J., Cooper, B. A., & Miaskowski, C. (2010). Differences in depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and lifetime trauma exposure in formerly abused women with mild versus moderate to severe chronic pain. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25, 2316-2338. doi:10.1177/0886260509354882
23. Johnson, D. M., Delahanty, D. L., & Pinna, K. (2008). The cortisol awakening response as a function of PTSD severity and abuse chronicity in sheltered battered women. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 793-800. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.08.006
24. Johnson, D. M., Delahanty, D. L., & Pinna, K. (2012). Corrigendum to "The cortisol awakening response function of PTSD severity and abuse chronicity in sheltered battered women" [Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 793-800]. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 633. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.02.015
25. Klaassens, E. R., Giltay, E. J., Cuijpers, P., van Veen, T., & Zitman, F. G. (2012). Adulthood trauma and HPA-axis functioning in healthy subjects and PTSD patients: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37, 317-331. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.07.003
26. Lauc, G., Zvonar, K., Vusic-Mihaljevic, Z., & Flogel, M. (2004). Short communication: Post-awakening changes in salivary cortisol in veterans with and without PTSD. Stress & Health, 20, 99-102. doi:10.1002/smi.1001
27. McEwen. (2000). Allostasis and allostatic load: Implications for neuropsychopharmacology. Neuropsychopharmacology, 22, 102-124. doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(99)00129-3
28. McEwen. (2001). Plasticity of the hippocampus: Adaptation to chronic stress and allostatic load. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 933, 265-277. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05830.x
29. Meewisse, M., Reitsma, J. B., de Vries, G., Gersons, B. P., & Olff, M. (2007). Cortisol and post-traumatic stress disorder in adults. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 387-392. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.024877
30. Morris, M. C., Compas, B. E., & Garber, J. (2012). Relations among posttraumatic stress disorder, comorbid major depression, and HPA function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 301-315. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.002
31. Neria, Y., & Bromet, E. J. (2000). Comorbidity of PTSD and depression: Linked or separate incidence. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 878-880. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(00)01012-X
32. Neylan, T. C., Brunet, A., Pole, N., Best, S. R., Metzler, T. J., Yehuda, R., & Marmar, C. R. (2005). PTSD symptoms predict waking salivary cortisol levels in police officers. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 373-381. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.10.005
33. Nixon, R. D., Resick, P. A., & Nishith, P. (2004). An exploration of comorbid depression among female victims of intimate partner violence with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82, 315-320. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2004.01.008
34. Oquendo, M. A., Echavarria, G., Galfalvy, H. C., Grunebaum, M. F., Burke, A., Barrera, A.,. Mann, J. J. (2003). Lower cortisol levels in depressed patients with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 28, 591-598. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300050
35. Patton, G. C., Coffey, C., Posterino, M., Carlin, J. B., & Bowes, G. (2003). Life events and early onset depression: Cause or consequence? Psychological Medicine, 33, 1203-1210. doi:10.1017/S0033291703008626
36. Pruessner, J. C., Kirschbaum, C., Meinlschmid, G., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2003). Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependent change. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28, 916-931. doi:10.1016/S0306-4530(02)00108-7
37. Rasmusson, A., Vasek, J., Lipschitz, D. S., Vojvoka, D., Mustone, M. E., Shi, Q.,. Charney, D. S. (2004). An increased capacity for adrenal DHEA release is associated with decreased avoidance and negative mood symptoms in women with PTSD. Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, 1549-1557. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300432
38. Rohleder, N., Joksimovic, L., Wolf, J. M., & Kirschbaum, C. (2004). Hypocortisolism and increased glucocorticoid sensitivity of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in Bosnian war refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 55, 745-751. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.11.018
39. Sabri, B., Bolyard, R., McFadgion, A., Stockman, J., Lucea, M., Callwood, G.,. Campbell, J. (2013). Intimate partner violence, depression, PTSD and use of mental health resources among ethnically diverse black women. Social Work in Health Care, 52, 351-369. doi:10.1080/00981389.2012.745461
40. Savic, D., Knezevic, G., Damjanovic, S., Spiric, Z., & Matic, G. (2012). Is there a biological difference between trauma-related depression and PTSD? DST says "NO." Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37, 1516-1520. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.02.005
41. Schlapfer, T. E., & Kayser, S. (2013). The role of nonpharmacological interventions in treatment-resistant depression. In S. Kasper & S. Montgomery (Eds.), Treatment-resistant Depression (pp. 159-182). Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.
42. Schnurr, P., Friedman, M., Engel, C., Foa, E., Shea, M., & Bernardy, N. (2007). Cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in women. JAMA, 297, 820-830. doi:10.1001/jama.297.8.820
43. Schuhmacher, A., Mossner, R., Jessen, F., Scheef, L., Block, W., Belloche, A. C.,. Zobel, A. (2012). Association of amygdala volumes with cortisol secretion in unipolar depressed patients. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 202, 96-103. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.09.007
44. Scott, L., & Dinan, T. (1998). Vasopressin and regulation hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function: Implications for pathophysiology of depression. Life Science, 62, 1985-1998. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(98)00027-7
45. Stetler, C., & Miller, G. E. (2005). Blunted cortisol response to awakening in mild to moderate depression: Regulatory influences of sleep patterns and social contacts. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 697-705. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.114.4.697
46. Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Boney-McCoy, S., & Sugarman, D. B. (1996). The revised conflict tactics scales (CTS2): Development and preliminary psychometric data. Journal of Family Issues, 17, 283-316. doi:10.1177/019251396017003001
47. Ulrike, S., Reinhold, L., & Dirk, H. (2013). Major depression in young girls is related to altered cortisol awakening response. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 22, 379-384. doi:10.1007/s00787-012-0371-9
48. Vachon-Presseau, E., Roy, M., Marc-Olivier, M., Caron, E., Marin, M., Chen, J.,. Rainville, P. (2013). The stress model of chronic pain: Evidence from basal cortisol and hippocampal structure and function in humans. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 136, 815-827. doi:10.1093/brain/aws371
49. Vedhara, K., Miles, J., Crown, A., McCarthy, A., Shankds, N., Davies, D.,. Ben-Shlomo, Y. (2007). Relationship of early childhood illness with adult cortisol in the Barry Caerphilly Growth (BCG) cohort. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 32, 865-873. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.06.006
50. Weathers, F. W., Keane, T. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2001). Clinician-administered PTSD scale: A review of the first ten years of research. Depression & Anxiety, 13, 132-156. doi:10.1002/da.1029
51. Wessa, M., Rohleder, N., Kirschbaum, C., & Flor, H. (2006). Altered cortisol awakening response in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31, 209-215. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.06.010
52. Yehuda, R., Halligan, S. L., Golier, J. A., Grossman, R., & Bierer, L. M. (2004). Effects of trauma exposure on the cortisol response to dexamethasone administration in PTSD and major depressive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29, 389-404. doi:10.1016/S0306-4530(03)00052-0
53. Young, E. A., & Breslau, N. (2004). Saliva cortisol in posttraumatic stress disorder: A community epidemiologic study. Biological Psychiatry, 56, 205-209. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.05.011