Increases in thunderstorm activity and relationships with air pollution in Southeast China

Journal of Geophysical Research

Volumn 119, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 1835-1844

  Yang, Xin ^a,b   Li, Zhanqing ^a,b  

^a BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b University of Maryland   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOLS; AIR POLLUTION; LANDFORMS; LIGHTNING; POLLUTION; RAIN; RAIN GAGES; VISIBILITY;

AEROSOL CONCENTRATION; CHINA; DAILY RAINFALL AMOUNTS; INVIGORATION; LIGHTNING IMAGING SENSORS; THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY; TRMM; TROPICAL RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION SATELLITES;

THUNDERSTORMS;

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; DATA INTERPRETATION; DATA SET; MOUNTAIN REGION; RADAR; RAINFALL; SATELLITE DATA; SENSOR; THUNDERSTORM; TREND ANALYSIS; TRMM; VISIBILITY; WEATHER STATION;

CHINA;

EID: 84897001721     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: 21562202     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2013JD021224     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Andreae, M. O., D. Rosenfeld, P. Artaxo, A. A. Costa, G. P. Frank, K. M. Longo, and M. A. F. Silva-Dias (2004), Smoking rain clouds over the Amazon, Science, 303(5662), 1337–1342, doi:10.1126/science.1092779.
2. Bell, T. L., D. Rosenfeld, K.-M. Kim, J.-M. Yoo, M.-I. Lee, and M. Hahnenberger (2008), Midweek increase in U.S. summer rain and storm heights suggests air pollution invigorates rainstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D02209, doi:10.1029/2007JD008623.
3. Bell, T. L., D. Rosenfeld, and K.-M. Kim (2009), Weekly cycle of lightning: Evidence of storm invigoration by pollution, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L23805, doi:10.1029/2009GL040915.0
4. Boccippio, D. J., S. J. Goodman, and S. Heckman (2000), Regional differences in tropical lightning distributions, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 2231–2248, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<2231:RDITLD>2.0.CO;2.
5. Che, H., X. Zhang, Y. Li, Z. Zhou, and J. J. Qu (2007), Horizontal visibility trends in China 1981–2005, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L24706, doi:10.1029/2007GL031450.
6. Christian, H. J., et al. (1999), The lightning imaging sensor, paper presented at Proc. 11th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity, Guntersville, U.S.
7. Deng, X., X. Tie, D. Wu, X. Zhou, X. Bi, H. Tan, F. Li, and C. Jiang (2008), Long-term trend of visibility and its characterizations in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China, Atmos. Environ., 42, 1424–1435, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.025.
8. Fan, J., R. Zhang, W.-K. Tao, and K. I. Mohr (2008), Effects of aerosol optical properties on deep convective clouds and radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D08209, doi:10.1029/2002JD009257.
9. Fan, J., L. R. Leung, D. Rosenfeld, Q. Chen, Z. Li, J. Zhang, and H. Yan (2013), Microphysical effects determine macrophysical response for aerosol impact on deep convective clouds, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (PNAS), 110, E4581-E4590, doi:10.1073/pnas.1316830110.
10. Givati, A., and D. Rosenfeld (2005), Separation between cloud-seeding and air-pollution effects, J. Appl. Meteorol., 44, 1298–1314.
11. Ichikawa, H., and T. Yasunari (2006), Time–space characteristics of diurnal rainfall over Borneo and surrounding oceans as observed by TRMM-PR, J. Clim., 19, 1238–1260.
12. Kar, S. K., Y. A. Liou, and K. J. Ha (2009), Aerosol effects on the enhancement of cloud-to-ground lightning over major urban areas of South Korea, Atmos. Res., 92, 80–87, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.09.004.
13. Koren, I., Y. J. Kaufman, D. Rosenfeld, L. A. Remer, and Y. Rudich (2005), Aerosol invigoration and restructuring of Atlantic convective clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14828, doi:10.1029/2005GL023187.
14. Koren, I., J. V. Martins, L. A. Remer, and H. Afargan (2008), Smoke invigoration versus inhibition of clouds over the Amazon, Science, 321(5891), 946–949, doi:10.1126/science.1159185.
15. Koren, I., O. Altaratz, L. A. Remer, G. Feingold, J. M. Vanderlei, and R. H. Heiblum (2012), Aerosol-induced intensification of rain from the tropics to the mid-latitudes, Nat. Geosci., 5, 118–122, doi:10.1038/NGEO1364.
16. Lal, D. M., and S. D. Pawar (2009), Relationship between rainfall and lightning over central Indian region in monsoon and premonsoon seasons, Atmos. Res., 92, 402–410, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.12.009.
17. Lal, D. M., and S. D. Pawar (2011), Effect of urbanization on lightning over four metropolitan cities of India, Atmos. Environ., 45, 191–196,
18. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.027.
19. Lee, K. H. L., Z. Li, M. C. Cribb, J. Liu, L. Wang, Y. Zheng, X. Xia, H. Chen, and B. Li (2010), Aerosol optical depth measurements in eastern China and a new calibration method, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00K11, doi:10.1029/2009JD012812.
20. Li, Z., et al. (2007), Preface to special section on East Asian studies of tropospheric aerosols: An international regional experiment (EAST-AIRE), J. Geophys. Res., 112, D22S00, doi:10.1029/2007JD008853.
21. Li, Z., F. Niu, J. Fan, Y. Liu, D. Rosenfeld, and Y. Ding (2011), The long-term impacts of aerosols on the vertical development of clouds and precipitation, Nat. Geosci., 4, 889–894, doi:10.1038/NGEO1313.
22. Lin, J. C., T. Matsui, R. A. Pielke Sr., and C. Kummerow (2006), Effects of biomass-burning-derived aerosols on precipitation and clouds in the Amazon Basin: A satellite-based empirical study, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D19204, doi:10.1029/2005JD006884.
23. Liu, C., and E. J. Zipser (2009), “Warm rain” in the tropics: Seasonal and regional distributions based on 9 yr of TRMM data, J. Clim., 22, 767–779, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2641.1.
24. Liu, J., Y. Zheng, Z. Li, C. Flynn, and M. Cribb (2012), Seasonal variations of aerosol optical properties, vertical distribution and associated radiative effects in the Yangtze Delta region of China, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D00K38, doi:10.1029/2011JD016490.
25. Niu, F., and Z. Li (2012), Systematic variations of cloud top temperature and precipitation rate with aerosols over the global tropics, Atoms. Chem. Phys., 12, 8491–8498, doi:10.5194/acp-12-8491-2012.
26. Niu, F., Z. Li, C. Li, K. H. Lee, and M. Wang (2010), Increase of wintertime fog in China: Potential impacts of weakening of the Eastern Asian monsoon circulation and increasing aerosol loading, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00K20, doi:10.1029/2009JD013484.
27. Orville, R. E., G. Huffines, G. J. Nielsen, R. Zhang, B. Ely, S. Steiger, S. Phillips, S. Allen, and W. Read (2001), Enhancement of cloud-to-ground lightning over Houston, Texas, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2597–2600.
28. Ren, F., J. Liang, G. Wu, W. Dong, and X. Yang (2011), Reliability analysis of climate change of tropical cyclone activity over the Western North Pacific, J. Clim., 24, 5887–5898, doi:10.1175/2011JCLI3996.1.
29. Rosenfeld, D., J. Dai, X. Yu, Z. Yao, X. Xu, X. Yang, and C. Du (2007), Inverse relations between amounts of air pollution and orographic precipitation, Science, 315, 1396–1398, doi:10.1126/science.1137949.
30. Rosenfeld, D., U. Lohmann, G. B. Raga, C. D. O’Dowd, M. Kulmala, S. Fuzzi, A. Reissell, and M. O. Andreae (2008), Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?, Science, 321, 1309–1313, doi:10.1126/science.1160606.
31. Tao, W.-K., J. P. Chen, Z. Li, C. Wang, and C. Zhang (2012), Impact of aerosols on convective clouds and precipitation, Rev. Geophys., 50, RG2001, doi:10.1029/2011RG000369.
32. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar (TRMM PR) Team (2011), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar Algorithm instruction manual for version 7. [Available at http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/TRMM/documents/PR_algorithm_product_information/pr_manual/PR_Instruction_Manual_V7_L1.pdf.]
33. Wang, K., R. E. Dickinson, and S. Liang (2009), Clear sky visibility has decreased over land globally from 1973 to 2007, Science, 323, 1468–1470, doi:10.1126/science.1167549.
34. Webster, P. J., G. J. Holland, J. A. Curry, and H.-R. Chang (2005), Changes in tropical cyclone number, duration, and intensity in a warming environment, Science, 309, 1844–1846, doi:10.1126/science.1116448.
35. World Meteorological Organization (2011), Manual on Codes, Part A: Alphanumeric Codes, vol. I.1, Geneva. Switzerland. [Available at http://library.wmo.int/pmb_ged/wmo_306-v1_1-2012_en.pdf.]
36. Xu, W., R. F. Adler, and N. Wang (2013), Improving geostationary satellite rainfall estimates using lightning observations: Underlying lightning– rainfall–cloud relationships, J. Appl. Meteorol., 52, 213–229, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-12-040.1.
37. Yang, X., M. Ferrat, and Z. Li (2013a), New evidence of orographic precipitation suppression by aerosols in central China, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 119(1), 17–29, doi:10.1007/s00703-012-0221-9.
38. Yang, X., Z. Yao, and Z. Li (2013b), Heavy air pollution suppresses summer thunderstorms in central China, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 95–96, 28–40, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2012.12.023.
39. Yuan, T., L. A. Remer, K. E. Pickering, and H. Yu (2011), Observational evidence of aerosol enhancement of lightning activity and convective invigoration, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L04701, doi:10.1029/2010GL046052.
40. Zhang, R., G. Li, J. Fan, D. L. Wu, and M. J. Molina (2007), Intensification of Pacific storm track linked to Asian pollution, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 104(13), 5295–5299, doi:10.1073/pnas.0700618104.
41. Zipser, E. J. (1994), Deep cumulonimbus cloud systems in the tropics with and without lightning, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 1837–1851.