Iatrogenic biliary injuries: Identification, classification, and management

Surgical Clinics of North America

Volumn 94, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 297-310

  Stewart, Lygia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Bile duct injury; Biliary stricture; Biliary enteric anastomosis; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; Management

Indexed keywords

ASCITES; BILE DUCT FISTULA; BILE DUCT INJURY; BILE DUCT MALFORMATION; BILE LEAKAGE; BILIARY TRACT DRAINAGE; BILIARY TRACT HEMORRHAGE; BISMUTH CLASSIFICATION; BLEEDING; BLOOD VESSEL INJURY; CHOLANGIOGRAPHY; CHOLECYSTECTOMY; CHOLESTASIS; COMMON BILE DUCT; CYSTIC DUCT; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; HEPATIC ARTERY; HEPATIC DUCT; HUMAN; IATROGENIC DISEASE; INTRAOPERATIVE PERIOD; LAPAROSCOPY; LIVER ABSCESS; LIVER FUNCTION TEST; LIVER ISCHEMIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECOGNITION; REVIEW; STEWART WAY CLASSIFICATION; STRASBERG CLASSIFICATION; TIME TO TREATMENT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

BILE DUCT INJURY; BILIARY STRICTURE; BILIARY-ENTERIC ANASTOMOSIS; LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY; MANAGEMENT;

BILIARY TRACT; CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY, ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE; CHOLECYSTECTOMY, LAPAROSCOPIC; HUMANS; INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; REOPERATION; TIME-TO-TREATMENT; VASCULAR SYSTEM INJURIES;

EID: 84896958027     PISSN: 00396109     EISSN: 15583171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2014.01.008     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Deziel D.J., Millikan K.W., Economou S.G., et al. Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a national survey of 4,292 hospitals and an analysis of 77,604 cases. Am J Surg 1993, 165:9-14.
2. Vecchio R., MacFadyen B.V., Latteri S. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an analysis on 114,005 cases of United States series. Int Surg 1998, 83:215-219.
3. Adamsen S., Hansen O.H., Funch-Jensen P., et al. Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective nationwide series. JAm Coll Surg 1997, 184:571-578.
4. Nuzzo G., Giuliante F., Giovannini I., et al. Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: results of an Italian national survey on 56,591 cholecystectomies. Arch Surg 2005, 140:986-992.
5. Harboe K.M., Bardram L. The quality of cholecystectomy in Denmark: outcome and risk factors for 20,307 patients from the national database. Surg Endosc 2011, 25:1630-1641.
6. Waage A., Nilsson M. Iatrogenic bile duct injury: a population-based study of 152 776 cholecystectomies in the Swedish Inpatient Registry. Arch Surg 2006, 141:1207-1213.
7. Aprospective analysis of 1518 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. The Southern Surgeons Club. NEngl J Med 1991, 324:1073-1078.
8. Tantia O., Jain M., Khanna S., et al. Iatrogenic biliary injury: 13,305 cholecystectomies experienced by a single surgical team over more than 13 years. Surg Endosc 2008, 22:1077-1086.
9. Ahmad J., McElvanna K., McKie L., et al. Biliary complications during a decade of increased cholecystectomy rate. Ulster Med J 2012, 81:79-82.
10. Pekolj J., Alvarez F.A., Palavecino M., et al. Intraoperative management and repair of bile duct injuries sustained during 10,123 laparoscopic cholecystectomies in a high-volume referral center. JAm Coll Surg 2013, 216(5):894-901.
11. Joseph M., Phillips M.R., Farrell T.M., et al. Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a higher bile duct injury rate: a review and a word of caution. Ann Surg 2012, 256:1-6.
12. Bismuth H. Postoperative strictures of the bile ducts. The biliary tract 1982, 209-218. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh. 5th edition. L.H. Blumgart (Ed.).
13. Bismuth H., Majno P.E. Biliary strictures: classification based on the principles of surgical treatment. World J Surg 2001, 25:1241-1244.
14. Strasberg S.M., Hertl M., Soper N.J. An analysis of the problem of biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JAm Coll Surg 1995, 180:101-125.
15. Stewart L., Dominguez C.O., Way L.W. Adata/frame sensemaking analysis of operative reports. Informed by knowledge: expert performance in complex situations 2011, 329-338. Taylor & Francis, New York. K. Mosier, U. Fischer (Eds.).
16. Lee C.M., Stewart L., Way L.W. Postcholecystectomy abdominal bile collections. Arch Surg 2000, 135:538-544.
17. Stewart L. Treatment strategies for bile duct injury and Benign biliary stricture. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery 2002, 315-329. Martin Dunitz, London. 1st edition. G. Poston, L. Blumgart (Eds.).
18. Stewart L., Robinson T.N., Lee C.M., et al. Right hepatic artery injury associated with laparoscopic bile duct injury: incidence, mechanism, and consequences. JGastrointest Surg 2004, 8:523-530. [discussion: 530-1].
19. Way L.W., Stewart L., Gantert W., et al. Causes and prevention of laparoscopic bile duct injuries: analysis of 252 cases from a human factors and cognitive psychology perspective. Ann Surg 2003, 237:460-469.
20. Majno P.E., Pretre R., Mentha G., et al. Operative injury to the hepatic artery. Consequences of a biliary-enteric anastomosis and principles for rational management. Arch Surg 1996, 131:211-215.
21. Mathisen O., Soreide O., Bergan A. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: bile duct and vascular injuries: management and outcome. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002, 37:476-481.
22. Bachellier P., Nakano H., Weber J.C., et al. Surgical repair after bile duct and vascular injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: when and how?. World J Surg 2001, 25:1335-1345.
23. Gupta N., Solomon H., Fairchild R., et al. Management and outcome of patients with combined bile duct and hepatic artery injuries. Arch Surg 1998, 133:176-181.
24. Koffron A., Ferrario M., Parsons W., et al. Failed primary management of iatrogenic biliary injury: incidence and significance of concomitant hepatic arterial disruption. Surgery 2001, 130:722-731.
25. Buell J.F., Cronin D.C., Funaki B., et al. Devastating and fatal complications associated with combined vascular and bile duct injuries during cholecystectomy. Arch Surg 2002, 137:703-710.
26. Nishio H., Kamiya J., Nagino M., et al. Right hepatic lobectomy for bile duct injury associated with major vascular occlusion after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JHepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 1999, 6:427-430.
27. Kayaalp C., Nessar G., Kaman S., et al. Right liver necrosis: complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 2001, 48:1727-1729.
28. Laurent A.M., Sauvanet A.M., Farges O.M., et al. Major hepatectomy for the treatment of complex bile duct injury. Ann Surg 2008, 248(1):77-83.
29. Schmidt S.C., Settmacher U., Langrehr J.M., et al. Management and outcome of patients with combined bile duct and hepatic arterial injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgery 2004, 135:613-618.
30. Li J., Frilling A., Nadalin S., et al. Management of concomitant hepatic artery injury in patients with iatrogenic major bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 2008, 95:460-465.
31. Heyland D.K., Novak F., Drover J.W., et al. Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence. JAMA 2001, 286:944-953.
32. Kudsk K.A. Immunonutrition in surgery and critical care. Annu Rev Nutr 2006, 26:463-479.
33. Stewart L., Way L.W. Repair of laparoscopic bile duct injuries: timing of surgical repair does not influence success rate. HPB (Oxford) 2009, 11:516-522.
34. Boerma D., Rauws E.A., Keulemans Y.C., et al. Impaired quality of life 5 years after bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective analysis. Ann Surg 2001, 234:750-757.
35. Moore D.E., Feurer I.D., Holzman M.D., et al. Long-term detrimental effect of bile duct injury on health-related quality of life. Arch Surg 2004, 139:476-481.
36. Flum D.R., Cheadle A., Prela C., et al. Bile duct injury during cholecystectomy and survival in Medicare beneficiaries. JAMA 2003, 290:2168-2173.
37. Melton G.B., Lillemoe K.D., Cameron J.L., et al. Major bile duct injuries associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy: effect of surgical repair on quality of life. Ann Surg 2002, 235:888-896.
38. Andrén Sandberg A., Johansson S., Bengmark S. Accidental lesions of the common bile duct at cholecystectomy. II. Results of treatment. Ann Surg 1985, 201(4):452-455.
39. Stewart L., Way L.W. Bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Factors that influence the results of treatment. Arch Surg 1995, 130:1123-1128. [discussion: 1129].
40. Carroll B.J., Birth M., Phillips E.H. Common bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy that result in litigation. Surg Endosc 1998, 12:310-313. [discussion: 314].
41. Ahrendt A.S., Pitt H.A. Surgical therapy of iatrogenic lesions of biliary tract. World J Surg 2001, 25:1360-1365.
42. Bergman J.J., van den Brink G.R., Rauws E.A., et al. Treatment of bile duct lesions after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gut 1996, 38:141-147.
43. Branum G., Schmitt C., Baillie J., et al. Management of major biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Surg 1993, 217:532-540. [discussion: 540-1].
44. Calvete J., Sabater L., Camps B., et al. Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: myth or reality of the learning curve?. Surg Endosc 2000, 14:608-611.
45. Chapman W.C., Halevy A., Blumgart L.H., et al. Postcholecystectomy bile duct strictures. Management and outcome in 130 patients. Arch Surg 1995, 130:597-602. [discussion: 602-4].
46. Csendes A., Navarrete C., Burdiles P., et al. Treatment of common bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: endoscopic and surgical management. World J Surg 2001, 25:1346-1351.
47. Davids P.H., Tanka A.K., Rauws E.A., et al. Benign biliary strictures. Surgery or endoscopy?. Ann Surg 1993, 217:237-243.
48. de Reuver P.R., Grossmann I., Busch O.R., et al. Referral pattern and timing of repair are risk factors for complications after reconstructive surgery for bile duct injury. Ann Surg 2007, 245:763-770.
49. Frilling A., Li J., Weber F., et al. Major bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a tertiary center experience. JGastrointest Surg 2004, 8:679-685.
50. Gigot J., Etienne J., Aerts R., et al. The dramatic reality of biliary tract injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. An anonymous multicenter Belgian survey of 65 patients. Surg Endosc 1997, 11:1171-1178.
51. Innes J.T., Ferrara J.J., Carey L.C. Biliary reconstruction without transanastomotic stent. Am Surg 1988, 54:27-30.
52. Johnson S.R., Koehler A., Pennington L.K., et al. Long-term results of surgical repair of bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgery 2000, 128:668-677.
53. Lillemoe K.D., Martin S.A., Cameron J.L., et al. Major bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Follow-up after combined surgical and radiologic management. Ann Surg 1997, 225:459-468. [discussion: 468-71].
54. Lillemoe K.D. Current management of bile duct injury. Br J Surg 2008, 95:403-405.
55. Lillemoe K.D., Melton G.B., Cameron J.L., et al. Postoperative bile duct strictures: management and outcome in the 1990s. Ann Surg 2000, 232:430-441.
56. Lillemoe K.D., Petrofski J.A., Choti M.A., et al. Isolated right segmental hepatic duct injury: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. JGastrointest Surg 2000, 4:168-177.
57. McMahon A.J., Fullarton G., Baxter J.N., et al. Bile duct injury and bile leakage in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 1995, 82:307-313.
58. Mercado M.A. Early versus late repair of bile duct injuries. Surg Endosc 2006, 20:1644-1647.
59. Mercado M.A., Chan C., Orozco H., et al. Prognostic implications of preserved bile duct confluence after iatrogenic injury. Hepatogastroenterology 2005, 52:40-44.
60. Mercado B., Franssen B.I., Dominguez J.C., et al. Transition from a low: to a high-volume centre for bile duct repair: changes in technique and improved outcome. HPB (Oxford) 2011, 13:767-773.
61. Mirza D.F., Narsimhan K.L., Ferraz Neto B.H., et al. Bile duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: referral pattern and management. Br J Surg 1997, 84:786-790.
62. Moraca R.J., Lee F.T., Ryan J.A., et al. Long-term biliary function after reconstruction of major bile duct injuries with hepaticoduodenostomy or hepaticojejunostomy. Arch Surg 2002, 137:889-894.
63. Murr M.M., Gigot J.F., Nagorney D.M., et al. Long-term results of biliary reconstruction after laparoscopic bile duct injuries. Arch Surg 1999, 134:604-609. [discussion: 609-10].
64. Nordin A., Halme L., Makisalo H., et al. Management and outcome of major bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: from therapeutic endoscopy to liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2002, 8:1036-1043.
65. Ooi L.L., Goh Y.C., Chew S.P., et al. Bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a collective experience of four teaching hospitals and results of repair. Aust N Z J Surg 1999, 69:844-846.
66. Pitt H.A., Kaufman S.L., Coleman J., et al. Benign postoperative biliary strictures: operate or dilate?. Ann Surg 1989, 210:417-427.
67. Ragozzino A., De Ritis R., Mosca A., et al. Value of MR cholangiography in patients with iatrogenic bile duct injury after cholecystectomy. Am J Roentgenol 2004, 183:1567-1572.
68. Savader S.J., Lillemoe K.D., Prescott C.A., et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy-related bile duct injuries: a health and financial disaster. Ann Surg 1997, 225:268-273.
69. Schmidt S.C., Langrehr J.M., Hintze R.E., et al. Long-term results and risk factors influencing outcome of major bile duct injuries following cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 2005, 92:76-82.
70. Sicklick J.K., Camp M.S., Lillemoe K.D., et al. Surgical management of bile duct injuries sustained during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: perioperative results in 200 patients. Ann Surg 2005, 241:786-792. [discussion: 793-5].
71. Thomson B.N., Parks R.W., Madhavan K.K., et al. Early specialist repair of biliary injury. Br J Surg 2006, 93:216-220.
72. Walsh R.M., Vogt D.P., Ponsky J.L., et al. Management of failed biliary repairs for major bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JAm Coll Surg 2004, 199:192-197.
73. Walsh R.M., Henderson J.M., Vogt D.P., et al. Long-term outcome of biliary reconstruction for bile duct injuries from laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Surgery 2007, 142:450-456. [discussion: 456-7].
74. Xu X.D., Zhang Y.C., Gao P., et al. Treatment of major laparoscopic bile duct injury: a long-term follow-up result. Am Surg 2011, 77:1584-1588.
75. Mazer L.M., Tapper E.B., Sarmiento J.M. Non-operative management of right posterior sectoral duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JGastrointest Surg 2011, 15:1237-1242.
76. Perera M.T., Monaco A., Silva M.A., et al. Laparoscopic posterior sectoral bile duct injury: the emerging role of nonoperative management with improved long-term results after delayed diagnosis. Surg Endosc 2011, 25:2684-2691.
77. Perini R.F., Uflacker R., Cunningham J.T., et al. Isolated right segmental hepatic duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2005, 28(2):185-195.
78. Li J., Frilling A., Nadalin S., et al. Surgical management of segmental and sectoral bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a challenging situation. JGastrointest Surg 2010, 14:344-351.