Carbon in the atmosphere and power in America: Climate change as state-corporate crime

Journal of Crime and Justice

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 153-170

  Kramer, Ronald C ^a  

^a WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

climate change; denial; global warming; political economy; power; state corporate crime

Indexed keywords

EID: 84896913561     PISSN: 0735648X     EISSN: 21589119     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2012.752252     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Adams, D. 2009. "ExxonMobil continuing to fund climate skeptic groups, records show." The Guardian [online], 1 July. Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jul/01/exxon-mobil-climate-change- sceptics-funding/[Accessed 3 May 2012]
2. Agnew, R. 2011a. Dire forecast: a theoretical model of the impact of climate change on crime. Theoretical Criminology, 16: 21-42.
3. Agnew, R. 2011b. Toward a unified criminology: integrating assumptions about crime, people, and society, New York: New York University Press.
4. Banerjee, N. 2011. "In tea party era, the GOP's Red Fred is no longer green." Los Angeles Times [online], 11 June. Available from: http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/11/nation/la-naupton-profile-20110611 [Accessed 2 May 2012]
5. Barak, G., ed. 1991. Crimes by the capitalist state: an introduction to state criminality, Albany: State University of New York Press.
6. Barak, G. 2012. Theft of a Nation: Wall Street Looting and Federal Regulatory Colluding, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
7. Barnosky, A. 2012. Approaching a state shift in Earth's biosphere. Nature, 486: 52-58.
8. BBC. 2009. "Climate talks battle to save deal." BBC News [online], 19 Dec. Available http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8422031. stm [Accessed 19 Sept 2011]
9. Boeve, M., and B. Smith. 2012. "Fossil-fuel subsidies are the real job killers." Commondreams.org [online], 12 April. Available from: http://www.commondreams.org/view/2012/04/13-0 [Accessed 13 April 2012]
10. Broder, J. 2010. "A novel tactic in climate fight gains some traction." The New York Times [online], 8 Nov. Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/09/science/earth/09montreal.html?ref= science&src [Accessed 10 March 2011]
11. Burbach, R., Nunez, O., and, Kagarlitsky, B. 1996. Globalization and its discontents: the rise of postmodern socialisms, London: Pluto Press.
12. Business Green. 2011a. "US states accuse polluting power stations of public nuisance." BusinessGreen [online]. Available from: http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/news/2034401/accuse-polluting-power-stations- public nuisance [Accessed 20 Oct 2011]
13. BusinessGreen. 2011b. "Green groups to sue US government over atmospheric pollution." BusinessGreen [online]. Available from: http//www.businessgreen.com/article/bg/news/2068121/green-sue-government- Atmospheric-pollution [Accessed 23 Aug 2011]
14. Carter, J. 1977. Proposed energy policy [online]. Available from: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/ carter-energy/[Accessed 21 Mar 2012]
15. Climate Central. 2012. Global weirdness: severe storms, deadly heat waves, relentless drought, rising seas, and the weather of the future, New York: Pantheon Books.
16. Deans, B. 2012. Reckless: the political assault on the American environment, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
17. Derber, C. 2010. Greed to green: solving climate change and remaking the economy, Boulder, CO: Paradigm.
18. Diethelm, P., and, McKee, M. 2009. Denialism: what is it and how should scientists respond. European Journal of Public Health, 19: 2-4.
19. Dow, K., and, Downing, T. 2011. The atlas of climate change: mapping the world's greatest challenge, 3rd ed., Berkeley: University of California Press.
20. Dunn, T. 1995. Militarization of the U.S.-Mexico border: low intensity warfare comes home, Austin: University of Texas Press.
21. Dyer, G. 2010. Climate wars: the fight for survival as the world overheats, Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications.
22. Ewen, S. 2001. Captains of consciousness: advertising and the social roots of consumer culture, New York: Basic Books.
23. Ewen, S., and, Ewen, E. 1982. Channels of desire: mass images and the shaping of American consciousness, New York: McGraw-Hill.
24. Foster, J. B. 2009. The ecological revolution: making peace with the planet, New York: Monthly Review Press.
25. Friedrichs, D. 2010. Trusted criminals: white collar crime in contemporary society, 4th ed., Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
26. Friel, H. 2010. The Lomborg deception: setting the record straight about global warming, New Haven: Yale University Press.
27. Gelbspan, R. 1998. The heat is on: the climate crisis, the cover-up, the prescription, Updated Edition, Reading, MA: Perseus Books.
28. Gelbspan, R. 2004. Boiling point: how politicians, big oil and coal, journalists, and activists are fueling the climate crisis-And what we can do to avert disaster, New York: Basic Books.
29. Greenpeace. 2011. Who's holding us back? How carbon intensive industry is preventing effective climate legislation, Amsterdam: Greenpeace International.
30. Giddens, A. 2011. The politics of climate change, 2nd ed., Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
31. Hamilton, C. 2010. Requiem for a species: why we resist the truth about climate change, London: Earthscan.
32. Hansen, J. 2009. Storms of my grandchildren: the truth about the coming climate catastrophe and our last chance to save humanity, New York: Bloomsbury.
33. Hertsgaard, M. 2011. "Durban: Where the climate deniers-in-chief run the show." The Nation [online], 14 Dec. Available from: http://www.the nation.com/article/165155/Durban-where-climate-deniers-chief-run-show [Accessed 2 Feb 2012]
34. Hertsgaard, M. 2012. "Déjà vu at Rio+20." The Nation [online], 14 June. Available from: http://www.thenation.com/article/ 168387/deja-vu-rio20 [Accessed 14 June 2012]
35. Hillyard, P., ed. 2004. Beyond criminology: taking harm seriously, London: Pluto Press.
36. Higgins, P. 2010. Eradicating ecocide: exposing the corporate and political practices destroying the planet and proposing the laws needed to eradicate ecocide, London: Shepheard-Walwyn.
37. Hoggan, J. 2009. Climate cover-up, Vancouver: Greystone Books.
38. IPCC. 2007. Climate change 2007: climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability, Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
39. Honisch, B. 2012. The geological record of ocean acidification. Science, 335: 1058-1063.
40. Jacques, P. 2009. Environmental skepticism: ecology, power and public life, Farnham: Ashgate.
41. Jacques, P., Dunlap, R., and, Freeman, M. 2008. The organization of denial: conservative think tanks and environmental skepticism. Environmental Politics, 17: 349-385. (June)
42. Jessop, B. 1991. State theory: putting capitalist states in their place, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
43. Jost, J., Nosek, B., and, Gosling, S. 2008. Ideology: its resurgence in social, personality, and political psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3: 126-136.
44. Kabaservice, G. 2012. Rule and ruin: the downfall of moderation and the destruction of the Republican party, from Eisenhower to the tea party, New York: Oxford University Press.
45. Kahan, D. 2007. Culture and identity-protective cognition: explaining the white-male effect in risk perception. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 4: 465-505.
46. Kauzlarich, D., Mullins, C., and, Matthews, R. 2003. A complicity continuum of state crime. Contemporary Justice Review, 6: 241-254.
47. Klare, M. 2012. The race for what's left: the global scramble for the world's last resources, New York: Metropolitan Books.
48. Klein, N. 2011. "Capitalism vs. The climate." The Nation, 28 Nov, pp. 11-21
49. Kramer, R. 2012. " Public criminology and the responsibility to speak in the prophetic voice concerning global warming ". In State crime and resistance, Edited by: Stanley, E. and McCulloch, J. 41-53. London: Routledge.
50. Kramer, R., and R. Michalowski. Nov 1990. "Toward an integrated theory of state-corporate crime." Paper presented at the American Society of Criminology Meeting, Baltimore, MD
51. Kramer, R., and, Michalowski, R. 2006. " The original formulation ". In State-corporate crime: wrongdoing at the intersection of business and government, Edited by: Michalowski, R. and Kramer, R. 18-26. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
52. Leaf, D. 2001. Managing global atmospheric change: a U.S. policy perspective. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 7: 1211-1226.
53. Lessig, L. 2011. Republic, lost: how money corrupts Congress-And a plan to stop it, New York: Grand Central Publishing.
54. Los Angeles Times. 2011. "Year in review: Congress' biggest enemies of the Earth." Los Angeles Times [online], 14 Dec. Available from: http://opinion.latimes.com/opinionla/2011/12/republicans-environment.html [Accessed 2 May 2012]
55. Lynas, M. 2008. Six degrees: our future on a hotter planet, Washington, DC: National Geographic.
56. Lynch, M., and, Stretesky, P. 2003. The meaning of green: contrasting criminological perspectives. Theoretical Criminology, 7: 217-238.
57. Lynch, M., and, Stretesky, P. 2010. " Global warming, global crime: a green criminological perspective ". In Global environmental harm: criminological perspectives, Edited by: White, R. 62-84. Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
58. Lynch, M., Burns, R., and, Stretesky, P. 2010. Global warming and state-corporate crime: the politicization of global warming under the Bush administration. Crime, Law and Social Change, 54: 213-239.
59. Mann, T., and, Ornstein, N. 2012a. It's even worse than it looks: how the American constitutional system collided with the new politics of extremism, New York: Basic Books.
60. Mann, T., and N. Ornstein. 2012b. "Let's just say it: The Republicans are the problem." Washington Post [online], 27 April. Available from: http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/lets-just-say-it-the-republicans- Are-the-problem/2012/04/27/glQAxCVUIT [Accessed 5 May 2012]
61. McCright, A., and, Dunlap, R. 2000. Challenging global warming as a social problem: an analysis of the conservative movement's counter-claims. Social Problems, 47: 499-522.
62. McCright, A., and, Dunlap, R. 2003. Defeating Kyoto: the conservative movement's impact on U.S. climate change policy. Social Problems, 50: 348-373.
63. McCright, A., and, Dunlop, R. 2011. Cool dudes: the denial of climate change among conservative white males in the United States. Global Environmental Change, 21: 1163-1172.
64. McKibben, B. 2010a. Earth: making life on a tough new planet, New York: Times Books.
65. McKibben, B. 2010b. "Copenhagen: rallying for next steps." Mother Jones [online], 19 Jan. Available from: http://motherjones.com/politics/ 2010/01/copenhagen-next-steps [Accessed 15 March 2012]
66. McKibben, B. 2012. "Global warming's terrifying new math: three simple numbers that add up to global catastrophe-And that make clear who the real enemy is." Rolling Stone [online], 2 Aug. Available from: http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/global-warming-terrifying-new-math [Accessed 19 July 2012]
67. McNall, S. 2011. Rapid climate change: causes, consequences, and solutions, New York: Routledge.
68. Michalowski, R. 1985. Order, law and crime, New York: Random House.
69. Michalowski, R. 2010. " In search of state and crime in state crime studies ". In State crime in the global age, Edited by: Chambliss, W., Michalowski, R. and Kramer, R. 13-30. Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
70. Michalowski, R., and, Kramer, R. 2006. State-corporate crime: wrongdoing at the intersection of business and government, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
71. Michalowski, R., and, Kramer, R. 2007. " State-corporate crime and criminological inquiry ". In International handbook of white-collar and corporate crime, Edited by: Pontell, H. and Geis, G. 200-219. New York: Springer.
72. Michalowski, R., and, Kramer, R. 2013. " Transnational environmental crime ". In Transnational crime and justice handbook, 2nd ed., Edited by: Reichel, P. and Albanese, J. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
73. Mills, C. W. 1956. The power elite, New York: Oxford.
74. Mills, C. W. 1963. " The structure of power in American society ". In Power, politics & people: the collected essays of C. Wright Mills, Edited by: Horowitz, I. L. 23-38. New York: Oxford University Press.
75. Molotch, H. 1970. Oil in Santa Barbara and power in America. Sociological Inquiry, 40: 131-144.
76. Monbiot, G. 2012. "The Earth cannot be saved by hope and billionaires." Commondreams.org [online], 19 June. Available from: http://www.commondreams.org/view/2012/06/19 [Accessed 19 June 2012]
77. Mooney, C. 2005. The Republican war on science, New York: Basic Books.
78. Mooney, C. 2012. The Republican brain: the science of why they deny science-And reality, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
79. Morris, D. 2012. "Texas Judge rules The sky belongs to everyone." Common Dreams [online], 26 July. Available from: http://www.commondreams.org/view/2012/07/26-2 [Accessed 26 July 2012]
80. Norgaard, K. M. 2011. Living in denial: climate change, emotions, and everyday life, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
81. Oreskes, N., and, Conway, E. 2010. Merchants of doubt: how a handful of scientists obscured the truth on issues from tobacco to global warming, New York: Bloomsbury Press.
82. Parenti, C. 2011. Tropic of chaos: climate change and the new geography of violence, New York: Nation Books.
83. Pemberton, S. 2007. Social harm future(s): exploring the potential of the social harm approach. Crime, Law and Social Change, 48 (1-2): 27-41.
84. Powell, J. 2011. The inquisition of climate science, New York: Columbia University Press.
85. Richardson, K., Steffan, W., and, Liverman, D. 2011. Climate change: global risks, challenges and decisions, New York: Cambridge University Press.
86. Sanders, B. 2009. The green zone: the environmental costs of militarism, Oakland: AK Press.
87. Sassen, S. 1993. Losing control? Sovereignty in the age of globalization, New York: Columbia University Press.
88. Scheer, R. 2010. The great American stickup, New York: Nation books.
89. Shiva, V. 2012. "Rio+20: An undesirable U-turn." The Asian Age [online], 25 June. Available from: http://www.asianage.com/columnists/rio20- undesirable-u-turn-649 [Accessed 3 July 2012]
90. Skocpol, T., and, Williamson, V. 2012. The tea party and the remaking of Republican conservatism, New York: Oxford University Press.
91. st century ". In Eco-crime and justice: essays on environmental crime, Edited by: Kangaspunta, K. and Marshall, I. H. 37-53. Turin: UNICRI.
92. Tift, L., and, Sullivan, D. 2001. " A needs-based, social harms approach to defining crime ". In What is crime? Controversies over the nature of crime and what to do about it, Edited by: Henry, S. and Lanier, M. 179-203. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
93. Union of Concerned Scientists. 2011. "Outcome at Durbin climate negotiations offers limited progress." Commondreams.org [online], 13 Dec. Available from: http://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2011/12/13-8 [Accessed 15 Mar 2012]
94. Union of Concerned Scientists. 2012a. Heads they win, tails we lose: how corporations corrupt science at the public's expense, Cambridge, MA: UCS Publications.
95. Union of Concerned Scientists. 2012b. A climate of corporate control: how corporations have influenced the U.S. dialogue on climate science and policy, Cambridge, MA: UCS Publications.
96. U.S. Supreme Court. 2007. Opinion of the Court in Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency, 549 U.S. 497
97. Vaughn, D. 1996. The challenger launch decision: risky technology, culture and deviance at NASA, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
98. Ward, B. 2012. "Heartland Institute leak exposes strategies of climate attack machine." Commondreams.org [online], 21 Feb. Available from: http://www.commondreams.org/view/2012/02/21-9 [Accessed 21 Feb 2012]
99. Washington, H., and, Cook, J. 2011. Climate change denial: heads in the sand, London: Earthscan.
100. White, R. 2008. Crimes against nature: environmental criminology and ecological justice, Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
101. White, R. 2009. " Dealing with climate change and social conflict: a research agenda for eco-global criminology ". In Eco-crime and justice: essays on environmental crime, Edited by: Kangaspunta, K. and Marshall, I. H. 14-35. Turin: UNICRI.
102. White, R., ed. 2010. Global environmental harm: criminological perspectives, Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
103. White, R. 2011. Transnational environmental crime: toward an eco-global criminology, London: Routledge.
104. White, R., ed. 2012. Climate change from a criminological perspective, New York: Springer.
105. Wonders, N., and, Solop, F. 1993. " Understanding the emergence of law and public policy: toward a relational model of the state ". In Making law: the state, the law and structural contradictions, Edited by: Chambliss, W. and Zatz, M. 204-228. Bloomington, IN: University of Indiana Press.
106. Yamin, F. 1998. The Kyoto Protocol: origins, assessment, and future challenges. Review of European Community and International Law, 7: 113-128.