메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 647-687

CO2, CO, and CH4 measurements from tall towers in the NOAA earth system research laboratory's global greenhouse gas reference network: Instrumentation, uncertainty analysis, and recommendations for future high-accuracy greenhouse gas monitoring efforts

(23)  Andrews, A E a   Kofler, J D a,b   Trudeau, M E a,b,c   Williams, J C a,d   Neff, D H a,b   Masarie, K A a   Chao, D Y a,b   Kitzis, D R a,b   Novelli, P C a   Zhao, C L a,b   Dlugokencky, E J a   Lang, P M a   Crotwell, M J a,b   Fischer, M L e   Parker, M J f,g   Lee, J T h   Baumann, D D i   Desai, A R j   Stanier, C O k   De Wekker, S F J l   more..


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON MONOXIDE; GLOBAL CHANGE; GREENHOUSE GAS; LABORATORY METHOD; METHANE; NOAA SATELLITE; QUALITY CONTROL; RADIOTELEMETRY; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

EID: 84896872277     PISSN: 18671381     EISSN: 18678548     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/amt-7-647-2014     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (180)

References (53)
  • 2
    • 4544244894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional carbon dioxide fluxes from mixing ratio data
    • doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2004.00111.x
    • Bakwin, P. S., Davis, K. J., Yi, C., Wofsy, S. C., Munger, J. W., Haszpra, L., and Barcza, Z.: Regional carbon dioxide fluxes from mixing ratio data, Tellus, 56, 301-311, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2004.00111.x, 2004.
    • (2004) Tellus , vol.56 , pp. 301-311
    • Bakwin, P.S.1    Davis, K.J.2    Yi, C.3    Wofsy, S.C.4    Munger, J.W.5    Haszpra, L.6    Barcza, Z.7
  • 3
    • 0035303338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term carbon dioxide fluxes from a very tall tower in a northern forest: Flux measurement methodology
    • Berger, B. W., Davis, K. J., Yi, C. X., Bakwin, P. S., and Zhao, C. L.: Long-term carbon dioxide fluxes from a very tall tower in a northern forest: Flux measurement methodology, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 18, 529-542, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. , vol.18 , pp. 529-542
    • Berger, B.W.1    Davis, K.J.2    Yi, C.X.3    Bakwin, P.S.4    Zhao, C.L.5
  • 4
    • 84880575037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing filtering of mountaintop CO2 mole fractions for application to inverse models of biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange
    • doi:10.5194/acp-12-2099-2012
    • Brooks, B.-G. J., Desai, A. R., Stephens, B. B., Bowling, D. R., Burns, S. P., Watt, A. S., Heck, S. L., and Sweeney, C.: Assessing filtering of mountaintop CO2 mole fractions for application to inverse models of biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2099-2115, doi:10.5194/acp-12-2099-2012, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.12 , pp. 2099-2115
    • Brooks, B.-G.J.1    Desai, A.R.2    Stephens, B.B.3    Bowling, D.R.4    Burns, S.P.5    Watt, A.S.6    Heck, S.L.7    Sweeney, C.8
  • 6
    • 84896831498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Committee on Methods for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and National Research Council: Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions:Methods to Support International Climate Agreements. The National Academies Press
    • Committee on Methods for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and National Research Council: Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions:Methods to Support International Climate Agreements. The National Academies Press, 2010.
    • (2010)
  • 7
    • 78649418620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional US carbon sinks from three dimensional atmospheric CO2 sampling
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0900062010
    • Crevoisier, C., Sweeney, C., Gloor, M., Sarmiento, J. L., and Tans, P. P.: Regional US carbon sinks from three dimensional atmospheric CO2 sampling, Proc. Natl. Aca. Sci. USA, 107, 18348-18353, doi:10.1073/pnas.0900062010, 2010.
    • (2010) Proc. Natl. Aca. Sci. USA , vol.107 , pp. 18348-18353
    • Crevoisier, C.1    Sweeney, C.2    Gloor, M.3    Sarmiento, J.L.4    Tans, P.P.5
  • 8
    • 50649083905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cavity ring-down analyzer for measuring atmospheric levels of methane carbon dioxide, and water vapor
    • doi:10.1007/s00340-008-3135-y
    • Crosson, E. R.: A cavity ring-down analyzer for measuring atmospheric levels of methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, Appl. Phys. B-Lasers and Optics, 92, 403-408, doi:10.1007/s00340-008-3135-y, 2008.
    • (2008) Appl. Phys. B-Lasers and Optics , vol.92 , pp. 403-408
    • Crosson, E.R.1
  • 9
    • 0036811950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-precision fast-response airborne CO2 analyzer for in situ sampling from the surface to the middle stratosphere
    • Daube, B. C., Boering, K. A., Andrews, A. E., and Wofsy, S. C.: A high-precision fast-response airborne CO2 analyzer for in situ sampling from the surface to the middle stratosphere, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 19, 1532-1543, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. , vol.19 , pp. 1532-1543
    • Daube, B.C.1    Boering, K.A.2    Andrews, A.E.3    Wofsy, S.C.4
  • 10
    • 84864063131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of MOPITT retrievals of lowertropospheric carbon monoxide over the United States
    • doi:10.1029/2012jd017553
    • Deeter, M. N., Worden, H. M., Edwards, D. P., Gille, J. C., and Andrews, A. E.: Evaluation of MOPITT retrievals of lowertropospheric carbon monoxide over the United States, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D13306, doi:10.1029/ 2012jd017553, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. , vol.117
    • Deeter, M.N.1    Worden, H.M.2    Edwards, D.P.3    Gille, J.C.4    Andrews, A.E.5
  • 12
    • 84896874051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOAA Technical Note NCDC No. USCRN-04-06 (last access: 28 January 2014)
    • French, B. and May, E.: USCRN Temperature Aspirated Sheild Modifications, NOAA Technical Note NCDC No. USCRN-04-06, available at: http://www1.ncdc.noaa. gov/pub/data/uscrn/documentation/program/technotes/TN04006AspiratedShieldMods. pdf (last access: 28 January 2014), 2004.
    • (2004) USCRN Temperature Aspirated Sheild Modifications
    • French, B.1    May, E.2
  • 14
    • 67650890638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working Group 1 of the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, GUM 1995 with minor corrections, Bureau International des Poids et Mésures (BIPM) (Sèvres, France) and International Organization for Standardization (Geneva, Switzerland) (last access: 28 January 2014)
    • Working Group 1 of the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, Evaluation of measurement data-Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM), GUM 1995 with minor corrections, Bureau International des Poids et Mésures (BIPM) (Sèvres, France) and International Organization for Standardization (Geneva, Switzerland), available at: http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM-100-2008-E.pdf (last access: 28 January 2014), 132 pp., 2008.
    • (2008) Evaluation of Measurement Data-Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) , pp. 132
  • 19
    • 82955163042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide variability during cold front passages and fair weather days at a forested mountaintop site
    • doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.068
    • Lee, T. R., De Wekker, S. F. J., Andrews, A. E., Kofler, J., and Williams, J.: Carbon dioxide variability during cold front passages and fair weather days at a forested mountaintop site, Atmos. Environ., 46, 405-416, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.068, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Environ. , vol.46 , pp. 405-416
    • Lee, T.R.1    De Wekker, S.F.J.2    Andrews, A.E.3    Kofler, J.4    Williams, J.5
  • 21
    • 34247517807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CO2 permeability in Nation5 EW1100 at elevated temperature
    • doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2007.01.030
    • Ma, S. and Skou, E.: CO2 permeability in Nation5 EW1100 at elevated temperature, Solid State Ionics, 178, 615-619, doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2007.01.030, 2007.
    • (2007) Solid State Ionics , vol.178 , pp. 615-619
    • Ma, S.1    Skou, E.2
  • 24
    • 84857469940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large amplitude spatial and temporal gradients in atmospheric boundary layer CO2 mole fractions detected with a tower-based network in the US upper Midwest
    • doi:10.1029/2011jg001781
    • Miles, N. L., Richardson, S. J., Davis, K. J., Lauvaux, T., Andrews, A. E., West, T. O., Bandaru, V., and Crosson, E. R.: Large amplitude spatial and temporal gradients in atmospheric boundary layer CO2 mole fractions detected with a tower-based network in the US upper Midwest, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci., 117, 01019, doi:10.1029/2011jg001781, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. , vol.117 , pp. 01019
    • Miles, N.L.1    Richardson, S.J.2    Davis, K.J.3    Lauvaux, T.4    Andrews, A.E.5    West, T.O.6    Bandaru, V.7    Crosson, E.R.8
  • 25
    • 0001377176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cw Integrated cavity output spectroscopy
    • O'Keefe, A., Scherer, J. J., and Paul, J. B.: cw Integrated cavity output spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett., 307, 343-349, 1999.
    • (1999) Chem. Phys. Lett. , vol.307 , pp. 343-349
    • O'keefe, A.1    Scherer, J.J.2    Paul, J.B.3
  • 29
    • 79960989618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution simulations of atmospheric CO2 over complex terrain-representing the Ochsenkopf mountain tall tower
    • doi:10.5194/acp-11-7445-2011
    • Pillai, D., Gerbig, C., Ahmadov, R., Rödenbeck, C., Kretschmer, R., Koch, T., Thompson, R., Neininger, B., and Lavrié, J. V.: High-resolution simulations of atmospheric CO2 over complex terrain-representing the Ochsenkopf mountain tall tower, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7445-7464, doi:10.5194/acp-11- 7445-2011, 2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 7445-7464
    • Pillai, D.1    Gerbig, C.2    Ahmadov, R.3    Rödenbeck, C.4    Kretschmer, R.5    Koch, T.6    Thompson, R.7    Neininger, B.8    Lavrié, J.V.9
  • 30
    • 77950399671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurements of greenhouse gases and related tracers at Bialystok tall tower station in Poland
    • doi:10.5194/amt-3-407-2010
    • Popa, M. E., Gloor, M., Manning, A. C., Jordan, A., Schultz, U., Haensel, F., Seifert, T., and Heimann, M.: Measurements of greenhouse gases and related tracers at Bialystok tall tower station in Poland, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 407-427, doi:10.5194/amt-3-407-2010, 2010.
    • (2010) Atmos. Meas. Tech. , vol.3 , pp. 407-427
    • Popa, M.E.1    Gloor, M.2    Manning, A.C.3    Jordan, A.4    Schultz, U.5    Haensel, F.6    Seifert, T.7    Heimann, M.8
  • 32
    • 84857468468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field testing of cavity ring-down spectroscopy analyzers measuring carbon dioxide and water vapor
    • doi:10.1175/jtech-d-11-00063.1
    • Richardson, S. J., Miles, N. L., Davis, K. J., Crosson, E. R., Rella, C. W., and Andrews, A. E.: Field Testing of Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy Analyzers Measuring Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 29, 397-406, doi:10.1175/jtech-d-11-00063.1, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. , vol.29 , pp. 397-406
    • Richardson, S.J.1    Miles, N.L.2    Davis, K.J.3    Crosson, E.R.4    Rella, C.W.5    Andrews, A.E.6
  • 35
    • 84857489354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric CO2 monitoring with singlecell NDIR-based analyzers
    • doi:10.5194/amt-4-2737-2011
    • Stephens, B. B., Miles, N. L., Richardson, S. J., Watt, A. S., and Davis, K. J.: Atmospheric CO2 monitoring with singlecell NDIR-based analyzers, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 2737-2748, doi:10.5194/amt-4-2737-2011, 2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Meas. Tech. , vol.4 , pp. 2737-2748
    • Stephens, B.B.1    Miles, N.L.2    Richardson, S.J.3    Watt, A.S.4    Davis, K.J.5
  • 36
    • 84862833266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-situ measurements of oxygen carbon monoxide and greenhouse gases from Ochsenkopf tall tower in Germany
    • doi:10.5194/amt-2-573-2009
    • Thompson, R. L., Manning, A. C., Gloor, E., Schultz, U., Seifert, T., Hänsel, F., Jordan, A., and Heimann, M.: In-situ measurements of oxygen, carbon monoxide and greenhouse gases from Ochsenkopf tall tower in Germany, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 573-591, doi:10.5194/amt-2-573-2009, 2009.
    • (2009) Atmos. Meas. Tech. , vol.2 , pp. 573-591
    • Thompson, R.L.1    Manning, A.C.2    Gloor, E.3    Schultz, U.4    Seifert, T.5    Hänsel, F.6    Jordan, A.7    Heimann, M.8
  • 38
  • 40
    • 84896821025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working Group 2 of the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, International vocabulary of metrology-Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM), 3rd Edn., Bureau International des Poids et Mésures (BIPM) (Sèvres, France) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (Geneva, Switzerland), available at: (last access: 28 January 2014)
    • Working Group 2 of the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, International vocabulary of metrology-Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM), 3rd Edn., Bureau International des Poids et Mésures (BIPM) (Sèvres, France) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (Geneva, Switzerland), available at: http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/ documents/jcgm/JCGM-200-2008.pdf (last access: 28 January 2014), 104 pp., 2008.
    • (2008) , pp. 104
  • 41
    • 84882768016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and performance of a Nafion dryer for continuous operation at CO2 and CH4 air monitoring sites
    • doi:10.5194/amt-6-1217-2013
    • Welp, L. R., Keeling, R. F., Weiss, R. F., Paplawsky, W., and Heckman, S.: Design and performance of a Nafion dryer for continuous operation at CO2 and CH4 air monitoring sites, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 1217-1226, doi:10.5194/amt-6-1217-2013, 2013.
    • (2013) Atmos. Meas. Tech. , vol.6 , pp. 1217-1226
    • Welp, L.R.1    Keeling, R.F.2    Weiss, R.F.3    Paplawsky, W.4    Heckman, S.5
  • 42
    • 84862833631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous lowmaintenance CO2/CH4/H2O measurements at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) in Central Siberia
    • doi:10.5194/amt-3-1113-2010
    • Winderlich, J., Chen, H., Gerbig, C., Seifert, T., Kolle, O., Lavri?c, J. V., Kaiser, C., Höfer, A., and Heimann, M.: Continuous lowmaintenance CO2/CH4/H2O measurements at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) in Central Siberia, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 1113-1128, doi:10.5194/amt-3-1113-2010, 2010.
    • (2010) Atmos. Meas. Tech. , vol.3 , pp. 1113-1128
    • Winderlich, J.1    Chen, H.2    Gerbig, C.3    Seifert, T.4    Kolle, O.5    Lavric, J.V.6    Kaiser, C.7    Höfer, A.8    Heimann, M.9
  • 43
    • 84896888874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WMO: Guidelines for the measurement of atmospheric carbon monoxide, GAW 192 (last access: 28 January 2014)
    • WMO: Guidelines for the measurement of atmospheric carbon monoxide, GAW 192, available at: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/gaw-reports.html (last access: 28 January 2014)
  • 44
    • 84896811590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2010
    • World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2010.
  • 45
    • 84896867714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WMO: Report of the 15th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques, Jena, Germany, 7-10 September
    • WMO: Report of the 15th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques, Jena, Germany, 7-10 September 2009
    • (2009)
  • 46
    • 84896855938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GAW 194, available at: (last access: 28 January 2014), World, Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
    • GAW 194, available at: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/gaw- reports.html (last access: 28 January 2014), World, Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2011.
    • (2011)
  • 47
    • 84896826873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WMO: Report of the 16th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, and Related Measurement Techniques (GGMT-2011),Wellington, New Zealand, 25-28 October 2011, GAW 206, available at: (last access: 28 January 2014),World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
    • WMO: Report of the 16th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, and Related Measurement Techniques (GGMT-2011),Wellington, New Zealand, 25-28 October 2011, GAW 206, available at: http://www.wmo.int/pages/ prog/arep/gaw/gaw-reports.html (last access: 28 January 2014),World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2012.
    • (2012)
  • 48
    • 1342344255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of the NACP Committee of the US Carbon Cycle Science Program, US Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC
    • Wofsy, S. C. and Harriss, R. C.: The North American Carbon Program Plan (NACP), Report of the NACP Committee of the US Carbon Cycle Science Program, US Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, 2002.
    • (2002) The North American Carbon Program Plan (NACP)
    • Wofsy, S.C.1    Harriss, R.C.2
  • 49
    • 84896837326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Canadian atmospheric carbon dioxide measurement program: Measurement procedures, data quality and accuracy
    • Tokyo, Japan, September 2001, edited by: Toru, S. and Kazuto, S., World Meteorological Organization Global Atmosphere Watch
    • Worthy, D. E. J., Platt, A., Kessler, R., Ernst, M., Braga, R., and Racki, S.: The Canadian atmospheric carbon dioxide measurement program: Measurement procedures, data quality and accuracy, In: Report of the 11th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Related Tracer Measurement Techniques, Tokyo, Japan, September 2001, edited by: Toru, S. and Kazuto, S., World Meteorological Organization Global Atmosphere Watch, 112-128, 2003.
    • (2003) Report of the 11th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Related Tracer Measurement Techniques , pp. 112-128
    • Worthy, D.E.J.1    Platt, A.2    Kessler, R.3    Ernst, M.4    Braga, R.5    Racki, S.6
  • 52
    • 33745225921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating uncertainty of the WMO mole fraction scale for carbon dioxide in air
    • doi:10.1029/2005jd006003
    • Zhao, C. L. and Tans, P. P.: Estimating uncertainty of the WMO mole fraction scale for carbon dioxide in air, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D08s09, doi:10.1029/2005jd006003, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. , vol.111
    • Zhao, C.L.1    Tans, P.P.2
  • 53
    • 0000204938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A design for unattended monitoring of carbon dioxide on a very tall tower
    • Zhao, C. L., Bakwin, P. S., and Tans, P. P.: A design for unattended monitoring of carbon dioxide on a very tall tower, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 14, 1139-1145, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. , vol.14 , pp. 1139-1145
    • Zhao, C.L.1    Bakwin, P.S.2    Tans, P.P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.