Characterization of residue from EFB and kenaf core fibres in the liquefaction process

Sains Malaysiana

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 429-435

  Zakaria, Sarani ^a   Roslan, Rasidi ^a   Amran, Umar Adli ^a   Chia, Chin Hua ^a   Bakaruddin, Saiful Bahari ^a  

^a UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

EFB; KC; Lignocellulosic; Liquefaction; Residue

Indexed keywords

CATALYST; CRYSTALLINITY; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; LIQUEFACTION; PHENOL; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SULFURIC ACID; X-RAY DIFFRACTION;

HIBISCUS CANNABINUS;

EID: 84896846850     PISSN: 01266039     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Adel, A.M., El-Wahab, Z.H.A., Ibrahim, A.A. & Al-Shemy, M.T. 2010. Characterization of microcrystalline cellulose prepared from lignocellulosic materials. Part I. Acid catalyzed hydrolysis. Bioresource Technology 101(12): 4446-4455.
2. Ahmadzadeh, A., Zakaria, S. & Rashid, R. 2009. Liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) into phenol and characterization of phenolated EFB resin. Industrial Crops and Products 30(1): 54-58.
3. Ali, I.S., Sapuan, S.M., Zainudin, E.S. & Abdan, K. 2009. Kenaf fibres as reinforced for polymeric composites: A review. International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering 4: 239-248.
4. Alma, M.H. 1996. Several acid-catalyzed phenolated of wood and its application to molding material. PhD Thesis. Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (unpublished).
5. Alma, M.H. & Basturk, M.A. 2006. Liquefaction of grapevine cane (Vitis vinisera L.) waste and its application to phenol- formaldehyde type adhesive. Industrial Crops and Products 24(2): 171-176.
6. Bakarudin, S.B., Zakaria, S., Chia, C.H. & Jani, S.M. 2012. Liquefied residue of kenaf core wood produced at different phenol-kenaf ratio. Sains Malaysiana 41(2): 225-231.
7. Chai, L.L., Zakaria, S., Chia, C.H., Nabihah, S. & Rashid, R. 2009. Physico-mechanical properties of PF composite board from EFB fibres using liquefaction technique. Iranian Polymer Journal 18(11): 917-923.
8. Chan, K.W. & Ismail, M. 2009. Supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction of Hibiscus cannabinus L. seed oil: A potential solvent-free and high antioxidative edible oil. Food Chemistry 114(3): 970-975.
9. Demirbas, A. 2000. Mechanism of liquefaction and pyrolysis reactions of biomass. Energy Conversion and Management 41: 633-646.
10. Doh, G.H., Lee, S.Y., Kang, I.A. & Kong, Y.T. 2005. Thermal behavior of liquefied wood polymer composites (LWPC). Composite Structures 68(1): 103-108.
11. Effendi, A., Gerhauserm, H. & Bridgwater, A.V. 2008. Production of renewable phenolic resins by thermochemical conversion of biomass: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 12(8): 2092-2116.
12. El Mansouri, N.E., Yuan, Q. & Huang, F. 2011. Study of chemical modification of alkaline lignin by the glyoxalation reaction. BioResources 6(4): 4523-4536.
13. Hu, L., Pan, H., Zhou, Y. & Zhang, M. 2011. Methods to improve Lignin's reactivity as a phenol substitute and as replacement for other phenolic compounds: A brief review. BioResources 6(3): 3515-3525.
14. Hui, P. 2011. Synthesis of polymers from organic solvent liquefied biomass: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15(7): 3454-3463.
15. Juhaida, M.F., Paridah, M.T., Mohd. Hilmi, M., Sarani, Z., Jalaluddin, H. & Mohamad Zaki, A.R. 2010. Liquefaction of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) core for wood laminating adhesive. Bioresource Technology 101(4): 1355-1360.
16. Kleinert, M. & Barth, T. 2008. Phenols from Lignin. Chemical Engineering & Technology 31(5): 736-745.
17. Kunaver, M., Medved, S., Čuk, N., Jasiukaityte, E., Poljanšek, I. & Strnad, T. 2010. Application of liquefied wood as a new particle board adhesive system. Bioresource Technology 101(4): 1361-1368.
18. Pan, H., Shupe, T.F. & Hse, C.Y. 2007. Characterization of liquefied wood residues from different liquefaction conditions. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 105(6): 3740-3746.
19. Ridzuan, R., Stephen, S. & Mohd, A.J. 2002. Properties of medium density fiberboard from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber. Journal of Oil Palm Research 14(2): 34-40.
20. Sajab, M.S., Chia, C.H., Zakaria, S., Jani, S.M., Ayob, M.K., Chee, K.L., Khiew, P.S. & Chiu, W.S. 2011. Citric acid modified kenaf core fibres for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. Bioresource Technology 102(15): 7237-7243.
21. Spinacé, M.A.S., Lambert, C.S., Fermoselli, K.K.G. & De Paoli, M.A. 2009. Characterization of lignocellulosic curaua fibres. Carbohydrate Polymers 77(1): 47-53.
22. Sulaiman, O., Salim, N., Hashim, R., Yusof, L.H.M., Razak, W., Yunus, N.Y.M., Hashim, W.S. & Azmy, M.H. 2009. Evaluation on the suitability of some adhesives for laminated veneer lumber from oil palm trunks. Materials & Design 30(9): 3572-3580.
23. Tomczak, F., Sydenstricker, T.H.D. & Satyanarayana, K.G. 2007. Studies on lignocellulosic fibers of Brazil. Part II: Morphology and properties of Brazilian coconut fibers. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 38(7): 1710-1721.