Roll-to-roll fabrication of large scale and regular arrays of three-dimensional nanospikes for high efficiency and flexible photovoltaics

Scientific Reports

Volumn 4, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Leung, Siu Fung ^a   Gu, Leilei ^a   Zhang, Qianpeng ^a   Tsui, Kwong Hoi ^a   Shieh, Jia Min ^b   Shen, Chang Hong ^b   Hsiao, Tzu Hsuan ^b   Hsu, Chin Hung ^b   Lu, Linfeng ^c   Li, Dongdong ^c   Lin, Qingfeng ^a   Fan, Zhiyong ^a  

^a HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Hong Kong)

^b NATIONAL NANO DEVICE LABORATORIES   (Taiwan)

^c SHANGHAI ADVANCED RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84896765989     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/srep04243     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Nelson, J. The physics of solar cells. (Imperial College Press, London, 2003).
2. Fan, Z. Y. et al. Three-dimensional nanopillar-array photovoltaics on low-cost and flexible substrate. Nat. Mater. 8, 648-653 (2009).
3. Deceglie, M. G., Ferry, V. E., Alivisatos, A. P. & Atwater, H. A. Design of Nanostructured Solar Cells Using Coupled Optical and Electrical Modeling. Nano Lett. 12, 2894-2900 (2012).
4. Battaglia, C. et al. Light trapping in solar cells: can periodic beat random? ACS Nano 6, 2790-2797 (2012).
5. Hsu, C. et al. High-Efficiency Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell on a Periodic Nanocone Back Reflector. Adv. Energy Mater. 2, 628-633 (2012).
6. Huang, H. et al. Performance Enhancement of Thin-Film Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells with Low Cost Nanodent Plasmonic Substrates. Energy Environ. Sci. 6, 2965 (2013).
7. Kim, J. et al. Three-Dimensional a-Si:H Solar Cells on Glass Nanocone Arrays Patterned by Self-Assembled Sn Nanospheres. ACS Nano 6, 265-271 (2012).
8. Zhou, Y. S. et al. Vertically Aligned CdSe Nanowire Arrays for Energy Harvesting and Piezotronic Devices. ACS Nano 6, 6478-6482 (2012).
9. Paz-Soldan, D. et al. Jointly Tuned Plasmonic-Excitonic Photovoltaics Using Nanoshells. Nano Lett. 13, 1502-1508 (2013).
10. Zhu, J., Hsu, C., Yu, Z., Fan, S. & Cui, Y. Nanodome solar cells with efficient light management and self-cleaning. Nano Lett. 10, 1979-1984 (2010).
11. Paudel, T. et al. Nanocoax solar cells based on aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays. Phys. Status Solidi A 208, 924-927 (2011).
12. Gao, R. et al. A ZnO nanorod layer with a superior light-scattering effect for dyesensitized solar cells. RSC Adv. 3, 18537-18543 (2013).
13. Fan, Z. Y. et al. Ordered Arrays of Dual-Diameter Nanopillars for Maximized Optical Absorption. Nano Lett. 10, 3823-3827 (2010).
14. Yu, R. et al. Strong Light Absorption of Self-Organized 3-D Nanospike Arrays for Photovoltaic Applications. ACS Nano 5, 9291-9298 (2011).
15. Isomura, M., Takahama, T., Tsuda, S. & Nakano, S. Dependence of Open-Circuit Voltage of Amorphous-Silicon Solar-Cells on Thickness and Doping Level of the P-Layer. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32, 1902-1907 (1993).
16. Masuda, H. & Fukuda, K. Ordered metal nanohole arrays made by a two-step replication of honeycomb structures of anodic alumina. Science 268, 1466-1468 (1995).
17. Masuda, H., Yada, K. & Osaka, A. Self-ordering of cell configuration of anodic porous alumina with large-size pores in phosphoric acid solution. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, L1340-L1342 (1998).
18. Sai, H., Fujiwara, H., Kondo, M. & Kanamori, Y. Enhancement of light trapping in thin-film hydrogenated microcrystalline Si solar cells using back reflectors with self-ordered dimple pattern. Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 143501 (2008).
19. Leung, S. F. et al. Efficient Photon Capturing with Ordered Three-dimensional Nanowell Arrays. Nano Lett. 12, 3682-3689 (2012).
20. Lin, Q., Hua, B., Leung, S., Duan, X. & Fan, Z. Efficient Light Absorption with Integrated Nanopillar/Nanowell Arrays for Three-Dimensional Thin-Film Photovoltaic Applications. ACS Nano 7, 2725-2732 (2013).
21. Hua, B., Wang, B., Yu, M., Leu, P. W. & Fan, Z. Rational Geometrical Design of Multi-diameter Nanopillars for Efficient Light Harvesting. Nano Energy 2, 951-957 (2013).
22. Han, S. E. & Chen, G. Toward the Lambertian limit of light trapping in thin nanostructured silicon solar cells. Nano Lett. 10, 4692-4696 (2010).
23. Deceglie, M. G., Ferry, V. E., Alivisatos, A. P. & Atwater, H. A. Accounting for Localized Defects in the Optoelectronic Design of Thin-Film Solar Cells. IEEE J. Photovolt. 3, 599-604 (2013).
24. Fan, Z. et al. Challenges and Prospects of Nanopillar-Based Solar Cells. Nano Res. 2, 829-843 (2009).
25. Aberle, A. G. Surface passivation of crystalline silicon solar cells: a review. Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl. 8, 473-487 (2000).
26. Sakai, H., Yoshida, T., Hama, T. & Ichikawa, Y. Effects of Surface-Morphology of Transparent Electrode on the Open-Circuit Voltage in A-Si-H Solar-Cells. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 29, 630-635 (1990).
27. Li, H. B. T., Franken, R. H., Rath, J. K. & Schropp, R. E. I. Structural defects caused by a rough substrate and their influence on the performance of hydrogenated nano-crystalline silicon n-i-p solar cells. Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. Cells 93, 338-349 (2009).
28. Sinencio, F. & Willams, R. Barrier at the Interface between Amorphous-Silicon and Transparent Conducting Oxides and its Influence on Solar-Cell Performance. J. Appl. Phys. 54, 2757-2760 (1983).
29. Gassenbauer, Y. & Klein, A. Electronic and chemical properties of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) surfaces and ITO/ZnPc interfaces studied in-situ by photoelectron spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 4793-4801 (2006).
30. Rached, D. & Mostefaoui, R. Influence of the front contact barrier height on the Indium Tin Oxide/hydrogenated p-doped amorphous silicon heterojunction solar cells. Thin Solid Films 516, 5087-5092 (2008).
31. Cho, K. et al. Molecular monolayers for conformal, nanoscale doping of InP nanopillar photovoltaics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 203101 (2011).
32. Lee, M. H. et al. Roll-to-roll anodization and etching of aluminum foils for highthroughput surface nano-texturing. Nano Lett. 11, 3425 (2011).
33. Koch, C., Ito, M. & Schubert, M. Low-temperature deposition of amorphous silicon solar cells. Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. Cells 68, 227-236 (2001).
34. Polyanskiy, M. N. Refractive index database, http://refractiveindex.info. Accessed Oct. 1, 2013.
35. Wallentin, J. et al. InP Nanowire Array Solar Cells Achieving 13.8% Efficiency by Exceeding the Ray Optics Limit. Science 339, 1057-1060 (2013).
36. Smole, F. & Furlan, J. Computer model for simulation of amorphous silicon solar cell structures. Electrotechnical Conference, 1994 Proceedings, 7th Mediterranean, 2, 621-624; DOI: 10.1109/MELCON.1994.381014 (1994).
37. Kanevce, A. & Metzger, W. K. The role of amorphous silicon and tunneling in heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar cells. J. Appl. Phys. 105, 094507 (2009).