Role of additional PCBM layer between ZnO and photoactive layers in inverted bulk-heterojunction solar cells

Scientific Reports

Volumn 4, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Cho, Shinuk ^a   Kim, Kwang Dae ^b   Heo, Jinhee ^c   Lee, Joo Yul ^c   Cha, Gihoon ^c   Seo, Bo Yeol ^c   Kim, Young Dok ^b   Kim, Yong Soo ^a   Choi, Si Young ^c   Lim, Dong Chan ^c  

^a University of Ulsan   (South Korea)

^b Sungkyunkwan University   (South Korea)

^c Korea Institute of Material Science   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84896742348     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/srep04306     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Thompson, B. C. and Frechet, J. M. J. Polymer-fullerene composite solar cells. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47, 58-77 (2008).
2. Brabec, C. J. et al. Polymer-fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Adv. Mater. 22, 3839-3856 (2010).
3. Peet, J., Senatore, M. L., Heeger, A. J. and Bazan, G. C. The role of processing in the fabrication and optimization of plastic solar cells. Adv. Mater. 21, 1521-1527 (2009).
4. Yu, G., Hummelen, J., Wudl, F. and Heeger, A. J. Polymer Photovoltaic Cells: Enhanced Efficiencies via a Network of Internal Donor-Acceptor Heterojunctions. Science 270, 1789-1791 (1995).
5. Halls, J. J. M. et al. Efficient photodiodes from interpenetrating polymer networks. Nature 376, 498-500 (1995).
6. He, Z. et al. Enhanced power-conversion efficiency in polymer solar cells using an inverted device structure. Nat. Photonics 6, 591-595 (2012).
7. Cabanetos, C. et al. Linear side chains in benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b'] dithiophenethieno[ 3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione polymers direct self-assembly and solar cell performance. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 4656-4659 (2013).
8. Dou, L. et al. Tandem polymer solar cells featuring a spectrally matched lowbandgap polymer. Nat. Photonics 6, 180-185 (2012).
9. Liao, H.-H., Chen, L.-M., Xu, Z., Li, G. and Yang, Y. Highly efficient inverted polymer solar cell by low temperature annealing of Cs2CO3 interlayer. Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 173303 (2008).
10. White, M. S., Olson, D. C., Shaheen, S. E., Kopidakis, N. and Ginley, D. S. Inverted bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic device using a solution-derived ZnO underlayer. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 143517 (2006).
11. Waldauf, C. et al. Highly efficient inverted organic photovoltaics using solution based titanium oxide as electron selective contact. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 233517 (2006).
12. Jorgensen, M. et al. Stability of polymer solar cells. Adv. Mater. 24, 580-612 (2012).
13. Shim,W. H. et al. Multifunctional SWCNT-ZnO nanocomposites for enhancing performance and stability of organic solar cells. Adv. Mater. 23, 519-522 (2011).
14. Savva, A. et al. The effect of organic and metal oxide interfacial layers on the performance of inverted organic photovoltaics. Adv. Energy Mat. 3, 391-398 (2013).
15. Motiei, L. et al. Self-propagating molecular assemblies as interlayers for efficient inverted bulk-heterojunction solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 12528-12530 (2010).
16. Seo, J. H., Kim, H. and Cho, S. Build-up of symmetry breaking using a titanium suboxide in bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 4062-4065 (2012).
17. Meier, R., Birkenstock, C., Palumbiny, C. M. andMuller-Buschbaum, P. Efficiencyimproved organic solar cells based on plasticizer assisted soft embossed PEDOT5PSS layers. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 15088-15098 (2012).
18. Emah, J. B., Curry, R. J. and Silva, S. R. P. Low cost patterning of poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) films to increase organic photovoltaic device efficiency. Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 103301 (2008).
19. Wang, D. H. et al. Effect of the ordered 2D-dot nano-patterned anode for polymer solar cells. Org. Electron. 11, 285-290 (2010).
20. Wang, D. H., Seifter, J., Park, J. H., Choi, D.-G. and Heeger, A. J. Efficiency increase in flexible bulk heterojunction solar cells with a nano-patterned indium zinc oxide anode. Adv. Energy Mater. 2, 1319-1322 (2012).
21. Kang, M.-G., Kim, M.-S., Kim, J. and Guo, L. J. Organic solar cells using nanoimprinted transparent metal electrodes. Adv. Mater. 20, 4408-4413 (2008).
22. Lim, D. C. et al. Spontaneous formation of nanoripples on the surface of ZnO thin films as hole-blocking layer of inverted organic solar cells. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95, 3036-3040 (2011).
23. Lim, D. C. et al. Towards fabrication of high-performing organic photovoltaics: new donorpolymer, atomic layer deposited thin buffer layer and plasmonic effects. Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 9803-9807 (2012).
24. Kim, K.-D. et al. Surface modification of a ZnO electron-collecting layer using atomic layer deposition to fabricate high-performing inverted organic photovoltaics. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5, 8718-8723 (2013).
25. Hsieh, C.-H. et al. Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Polymer Solar Cells Integrated with a Cross-Linked Fullerene Material as an Interlayer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 4887-4893 (2010).
26. Cheng, Y.-J., Hsieh, C.-H., He, Y., Hsu, C.-S. and Li, Y. Combination of Indene-C60 Bis-Adduct and Cross-Linked Fullerene Interlayer Leading to Highly Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 17381-17383 (2010).
27. Park, H.-Y., Lim, D., Kim, K.-D. and Jang, S.-Y. Performance optimization of lowtemperature- annealed solution-processable ZnO buffer layers for inverted polymer solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 6327-6334 (2013).
28. Boix, P. P., Wienk, M. M., Janssen, R. A. J. and Garcia-Belmonte, G. Open-circuit voltage limitation in low-bandgap diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer solar cells processed from different solvents. J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 15075-15080 (2011).
29. Garcia-Belmonte, G. et al. Charge carrier mobility and lifetime of organic bulk heterojunctions analyzed by impedance spectroscopy. Org. Electon. 9, 847-851 (2008).
30. Cowan, S. R., Street, E. A., Cho, S. and Heeger, A. J. Transient photoconductivity in polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells: Competition between sweep-out and recombination. Phys. Rev. B 83, 035205 (2011).
31. Byers, J. C., Ballantyne, S., Rodionov, K., Mann, A. and Semenikhin, O. A. Mechanism of recombination losses in bulk heterojunction P3HT5PCBM solar cells studied using intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 3, 392-401 (2011).
32. Tachibana, Y. et al.Organic conducting wire formation on a TiO2 nanocrystalline structure: towards long-lived charge separated systems. Chem. Commun., 4360-4362 (2009).
33. Fabregat-Samtiago, F., Garcia-Belmonte, G., Mora-Sero, I. and Bisquert. Characterization of nanostructured hybrid and organic solar cells by impedance spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 9083-9118 (2011).
34. Kavasoglu, N., Kavasoglu, A. S., Birgi, O. and Oktik, S. Intensity modulated short circuit current spectroscopy for solar cells. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95, 727-730 (2011).
35. Bag, M. and Narayan, K. S. Universality in the intensity-modulated photocurrent in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells. Phys. Rev. B 82, 075308 (2010).
36. Emin, S., Yanagida, M., Peng, W. and Han, L. Evaluation of carrier transport and recombinations in cadmium selenide quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 101, 5-10 (2012).